GRADE 9 3RD QUARTER

Prejudice-Pre-judging before looking at the evidence and an unfavorable opinion or

feeling beforehand without knowledge, though, or reason. Can have a strong influence
on how people behave and interact with others, particularly with those who are different
from another group.

Ageism is defined as discrimination against older people because of negative and

inaccurate stereotypes
Classism (or class discrimination): is the institutional, cultural and individual set of
practices and beliefs that assign differential value to people according to their
socioeconomic class; and an economic system that creates excessive inequality and
causes basic human needs to go unmet.
Racism discrimination, or antagonism by an individual, community, or institution against
a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic
group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized.
Belief discrimination when you are treated differently because of your religion or
belief, or lack of religion or belief, in one of the situations covered by the Equality Act.

BIAS- Action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way,

because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgement. Ex. Favoritism and
Unfairness

Anchoring bias describes people's tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of
information they receive on a topic.
Confirmation bias is our tendency to cherry-pick information that confirms our existing
beliefs or ideas.
Conformity bias is when our deep-seated need to belong causes us to adapt our
behaviours to feel like part of the group.

Halo effect occurs when our positive impressions of people, brands, and products in
one area lead us to have positive feelings in another area. This cognitive bias leads us
to often cast judgment without having a reason.

Analogies are comparisons between two things, usually for the purpose of explanation
or clarification. By providing analogical evidence, you are using a subject or topic with
which your audience is familiar to explain a new or unfamiliar topic.

Anecdotal evidence is usually based on individual experiences or observations, as

distinct from probabilistic evidence that gives estimates of how likely something is to
occur based on experience with large numbers of people.

Statistical evidence in research is a collection of observations that have been

organized, validated, and gathered in a way that allows them to be expressed in
mathematical form. In other words, it is a summary of the collective opinion or
observation of subject-matter experts regarding a specific subject.

Testimonial evidence, also known as viva voce evidence or oral evidence, is evidence
given by a witness in the form answers to posed questions. When a competent witness
has taken the stand, he "is required to answer all relevant questions put to him".