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Property of HCF , LCM :

HCF  a, b   LCM  a, b   a  b
If HCF  a, b   1 , then a , b are co-prime numbers

1) The product of two numbers is 320 and their HCF is 4.

(a) what is their LCM ?
(b) Is it possible to find the two numbers?

2) The sum of two numbers is 528 and their HCF is 33. Find the number of pairs of such numbers
satisfying the above condition.

3) Find the smallest number which when divided by 6,7,8,9 and 12, leaves remainder ‘1’ in each case.

4) A number N leaves a remainder 7 when divided by 8, remainder 8 when divided by 9, and remainder
9 when divided by 10. What is the smallest possible value of N ?

5) The product of two numbers a and b is 240, and HCF  a, b   h . Even without knowing the individual
values of a and b , which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
(a) h CANNOT be 25 (b) h CANNOT be 8 (c) h CANNOT be 4
(A) a alone (B) a, b and c (C) a and b alone (D) None of these

The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic:

Every natural number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this
factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
If N is a natural number and N  1, N can be written uniquely as

N  p1a  p2b  p3c  .... , where p1 , p2 , p3 are prime numbers.

6) Two positive integers a, b are given by a  p 2 q3 , b  p q , where p, q are prime numbers. Find the
3 5

HCF and LCM of a, b .

7) If positive integers a, b, c are given by a  x y z , b  x y z ; c  y z , where x, y, z are prime

5 3 2 3 2 4 3

LCM (a, b, c)
numbers, then  ____
HCF (a, b, c)
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Euclid’s division lemma:

Given positive integers a and b , there exist whole numbers q and r satisfying a  bq  r ,
where 0  r  b , q  quotient, r  remainder.

Euclid’s division algorithm for finding HCF:

HCF of any two positive integers a and b , with a  b , is obtained as follows:
Step 1: Apply the division lemma to find q and r where a  bq  r , 0  r  b .
Step 2: If r  0 , the HCF is b . If r  0 , apply Euclid’s lemma to b and r .
Step 3: Continue the process till the remainder is zero. The divisor at this stage will be
HCF  a, b  . Also HCF  a, b   HCF  b, r 

8) Find the HCF of 833 and 255 using Euclid’s Division Algorithm.

9) Find the HCF of 479 and 237 using Euclid’s Division Algorithm.

10) Find the HCF of 1260 and 3888 using Euclid’s Division Algorithm.

11) If the HCF of 657 and 963 is expressible in the form 657 x  (963  15) , find x .

Proofs:

12) Prove that the product of any 2 consecutive numbers is a multiple of 2.

13) Show that the square of any number can NOT be of the form 3m  2.

14) Show that the square of every odd number is 1 more than a multiple of 8.

Let x be a rational number whose decimal expansion terminates. Then we can express x in
p
the form , where p and q are coprime, and the prime factorisation of q is of the form
q
2n 5m , where n , m are non-negative integers.

p
Let x  be a rational number, such that the prime factorisation of q is of the form 2n5m ,
q
where n , m are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which terminates.

p
Let x  be a rational number, such that the prime factorisation of q is not of the form
q
2n5m , where n , m are non-negative integers. Then x has a decimal expansion which is non-
terminating repeating (recurring).
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987
15) Without doing long division, determine whether the decimal expansion of will terminate.
10500

14587
16) The decimal expansion of the rational number will terminate after ______ decimal places
1250

117
17) Write the decimal expansion of without doing long division.
250

If a number n  p1a1  p2a2  p3a3  pkak , where p1 , p2 , p3 ..... are all primes and a1 , a2 , a3 ,... are all
natural numbers, then the number of factors of n equals  a1  1 a2  1 a3  1 ...  ak  1

18) Find the number of factors of 288.

19) Consider the product P  64103152

(i) The number of distinct prime factors of P
(ii) The total number of factors of P

20) It is known that the number N starts with 3 and has only zeros following it. If N has a total of 50
factors, find the value of N .

If p is a prime and p divides a 2 , then p divides a , where a is a positive integer.

Proofs:

21) Prove that 2 5 is irrational, given that 5 is irrational.

22) Given that 3 is irrational, prove that 5  2 3 is irrational.

23) Given that 2 , 3 are both irrational, prove that 3  2 is irrational.

24) Given that a, b are two different irrational numbers, and c is rational and c  0 , is it possible to
satisfy following conditions? For each case, give an example or prove that its not possible.
(i) ab is rational (ii) a  b is irrational (iii) ac is rational (iv) a b is rational