Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Out of school youth means an individual 16-19 years of age whose high school class

has not graduated and who is no longer enrolled in K-12 of instruction. As per PSA, the out-of-

school children are those who don’t attend school, have not finished a course, or not working.

Youth who do not attend school, or who drop out prematurely, miss many of the fundamentals

of basic education, including basic health information life skills. Such youth are vulnerable to

misinformation from unreliable sources.

According to the law (Republic act NO.9155) that was released in August 11, 2001. An

act of instituting a framework of governance for basic Education. Stated on section 2.

Declaration of policy as it was declared of the state education and to make such education

accessible to all by providing all Filipino children a free and compulsory education in high school

level. Such education also includes alternative learning in high school youth and adult learners.

Base on Youth Power of learning and education, despite the remarkable progress over the

past two decades, an estimated 263 million children, adolescents a nd youth worldwide are out

of school. That is the equivalent of one in every five, a figure that has remained relatively

unchanged in the last five years. Estimates suggest that many of these youth (43% of the

children) never enter the classroom. Almost one-third of out-of school adolescents live in conflict

affected areas, illustrating the effect of instability a school attendance.

Also, there are known studies about out of school youth that addresses some factors and

problems in dropping out from school that is most likely stems from economic and social reason.
According to the study that they conducted, more than 100,000 girls were pregnant while in

school and left to raise their children.

There are no known study in Capoocan Leyte, Specifically in Poblacion Zone 1, Barangay

Buri that states in knowing the common factors affecting the rate of out-of-school in the said

Barangay. Hence, the researcher aims to determine the common factor and also their reason

why they choose to stop attending school.

Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the common factors why there are still out of

school youth in Poblacion Zone 1 in Capoocan, Leyte who have not graduate from high school

or who have not completed a GED (General Educational Development) on high school

equivalency certificate and have demonstrated their eligibility to receive migrant services.

Public schools offer free tuition for enrolment for elementary but also in high school

students. This may count for high enrolment in schools, although the enrolment has a high

result, many poor families in unable to finance the ancillary school needs of their children. The

reason why out of school youth happens because of the problems in the family that forces a

teenager to work early that they shouldn’t be .Department of Education (DepEd) has now a

program for out of school which is the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in which all the non-

scoolers are given opportunity to pursue schooling. And even for those who are already

married, they can still attend this program if they want to have a certificate that will help them

find a better job. Also, for those who are dropped out in Elementary and Secondary School may

have a chance to attend the Tertiary level by passing the examination.

Some of the factors that influenced out-of-school youth in this study namely: unaware

of free tuition, financial incapacity of parents, difficulty in passing the entrance exam, some are

getting married early. Among these factors, it was financial incapacity of parents that influenced

most.
 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Socio – 1. Questionnaire The Effects of

demographic 2. Gathering of Poverty to the

profile data 1.Conceptual Framework

Figure Academic
Age: 3. Interpretation of
Performance of
Sex: data
the Grade 12 TVL
Grade Level: Figure 1 describe the conceptual framework of the study wherein the input consists of th
students
following:
Section: Age, Sex, Grade Level, and Section. On the other side, to process being used, to gather th

information is through Survey Questionnaire, Gathering Data, Interpretation of Data. The output is to determin

the profile of the respondents the out-of-school youth in Pob. Zone 1 Brgy. Buri Capoocan, Leyte

Theoretical Framework
 This study was based primarily on Robert k. Merton’s Structural Strains Theory. Clinto

Gudmunson’s Poor Affiliation Theory.Professor Jean Gagnepain’s Academic Mediation Theory.

Structural Strains Theory focuses on relationship between demographic factors, such

socioeconomic status, gender and, dropout. Boys are much more likely to drop out than girls and dropouts a

most likely from a family with a low socioeconomic status. There has been contention over the influence. Lo

socioeconomic status is a significant predictor of dropout beyond poor academic achievement. Ethnicity an

gender had no significance beyond their influence on academic achievement.

Poor family socialization theory focuses to the institution of family that appears to very formativ

for developing child. As such, this theory examines the relationship between family background and dropo

rates. The relationship is not particularly strong, pas academic achievement has much more of an influence th

poor family socialization. Factors of poor family socialization include low parental expectations and a paren

lack of education.

Academic mediation theory research has shown that poor academic achievement is the one of th

strongest predictor of high school dropout. This theory examines the mediation effect of poor academ

achievement on other factors, such as deviant affiliation, personal deviance, family socialization and structur

strains, associated with school dropout. Essentially, it looks at how poor academic achievement interacts w

and effects the relationship between high school dropout and other factors. The model for this theory was show

to statistically fit at an acceptable degree.

In a relation to these theories, the present study aimed to analyze the common

factors affecting the OSY (Out of School). To determine why there are out of school in

Poblacion Zone 1 in Brgy. Buri, Capoocan, Leyte.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the different factors or reasons why there are still out of

school youth in Barangay Buri Poblacion Zone 1 Capoocan, Leyte.

Furthermore, it seeks to answer the following questions003A

1. Is education important to you?

2. What is your highest educational attainment?

3.What is your reason for not attending to school?

4. Are you willing to continue your studies with the help of the program of the DepEd?

Hypothesis of the Study

There is no significant relationship between factors affecting out-of-school to the out of school

youth in Barangay. Buri Pob. Zone. 1 Capoocan, Leyte.

There is a significant relationship between factors affecting out-of-school to the out of school

youth in Barangay. Buri Pob. Zone 1 Capoocan, Leyte.

Significance of the Study

This study focuses on the common factors affecting out-of-school youth that aged (16-14, 15-

24) in Poblacion Zone 1 Barangay Buri, Capoocan, Leyte

The result of this study will be valuable to the following:

To all the youth, this study will serve as their bases and will make them realize why education is

important. To encourage them not to be affected to any of the hindrances in life.

To the out-of-school youth, the result of this study may provide information and may serve to

encourage them to continue to reach their goals and the learning’s and norms in the said

society. This study can also help to people to realize the importance of having good education.

To the parents, this study parental involvement is a critical factor in the success of children’s

such education. When parents are involved in their children’s education, parental support is a

very big help for their children to feel that they are being supported by their parents in achieving

their goals. This may also inform them that there will be a possible negative impact to their

children.

To the teachers, this study will help them identify on what kind of support or strategy to do to

convince the students to pursue their study.

To the municipality, this study will enable them to generate strategy on how to lessen the ratings

of out of school or on how to help them find work or something that will be helpful to them.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

Title of the study: Out of School Youth in Poblacion Zone 1 Barangay Buri, Capoocan, Leyte

WHERE: This study was conducted in Poblacion Zone 1 Barangay Buri in Capoocan, Leyte.

WHO: The population considered was limited to those youth who is being identified as out of

school that is directly affected by the different factors.

WHAT AND WHY: The study was concerned with(1)the factors affecting the out of school

youth; and (2) the effect of those existing factors to the current situation of the out of school
youth. The condition of the respondents was to be described also in terms of their demographic

profile and also other indicators to be include in this study.

HOW: This involves a survey for those who are out of school youth. The selections of the

respondents are limited since there are lots of people in Poblacion Zone 1 in Capoocan Leyte

who cannot attend school.

Definition of terms

Education- its general sense is a form of learning in which the knowledge skills, values, beliefs,
and habits of a group of people are transferred from one generation to the next through
storytelling, training, and search.

Unskilled- not having or requiring special skill of training.

Poverty- the state of being extremely poor. Being inferior in quality or insufficient in amount.

Peer Pressure- is influence that a peer group, observers or individual exerts that encourages

others to change their attitudes, values, or behavior to conform the group norms.