Truss Design

Design of Simply supported Steel Through
Truss Bridge of 1x100.00m
Sr. No.
SELA BRIDGE
1
DESIGN OF 1 x 100.0m C/C EJ STEEL TRUSS BRIDGE
1.1 Bridge Geometry
Span (c/c brg) = 100.0 m
Skew angle = 0.000 degrees
Dist. b/w c/L Brg to c/L Exp. = 0.98 m
Span length (Ej/Ej of girder) = 102.0 m
Number of spans = 1 nos.
Expansion gap = 100 mm
Total length = 102.0 m
Projection beyond C/L of bearing (Long.) = 0.975 m
Effective span for Main Girder = 101.950 m
Overall width of bridge deck = 7.800 m
Width of crash barrier = 0.450 m
Carriageway width = 7.800 m
Effective span for Cross Girder = 7.800 m
Spacing of Stringers = 2.300 m
Effective width of stringer = 2300 mm
Wearing Coat Thickness = 0.053 m
Number of Main Verticals = 15 nos.
Spacing of Main Verticals = 6.250 m
Spacing of Top lateral bracing = 6.250 m
Max. Height Central Vertical = 10.000 m
Number of Intermediate cross girders = 31 nos.
Spacing of Top lateral bracing = 6.250 m
Number of End cross girders = 2 nos.
Effective width of ECG/ICG = 575 mm
Deck slab thickness. (support) = 0.230 m
Deck slab thickness. (mid span) = 0.023 m
Deck slab thickness. (Average) = 0.220 m
Cross slope = 2.50 %
Load Summary
Effective width of deck slab on girders (for load distribution)

Outer Girder 1.6+(2.3/2) 2.75 m
Inner Girder (2.3/2)+(2.3/2) 2.3 m
Self Weight
Self Weight command is aded in the model . Extra factor of 20% is considered
Wearing Coat
Thickness of Wearing coat 0.065 m
Unit weight of wearing coat 22 kN/m3
Outer 3.93 KN/m
Deck Slab
Thickness of slab 0.23 m
Unit weight of concrete 26 kN/m3
Load on outer girder γxtxb 16.45 kN/m
Load on inner girder γxtxb 13.75 kN/m
Deck Slab
Thickness of slab 0.22 m
Unit weight of concrete 25 kN/m3
Load on outer girder γxtxb 15.13 kN/m
Load on inner girder γxtxb 12.65 kN/m
Crash Barrier
Area of Crash Barrier 0.33 m2
Unit weight of concrete 25.00 kN/m3
Load of crash barrier 8.25 kN/m
Live Loads are considered from Table 6A of IRC:6-2017

In MIDAS Civil, the transverse position is provided till the centre of the vehicle.
CASE-1: 2 Lanes -Class A

Transverse positions
Vehicle 1 Class A 2.70 m
Vehicle 2 Class A 6.20 m
CASE-3: CLASS 70R(W)

Vehicle 1 70 R(W) 4.060 m
Wind Load
SALIENT DATA :
Location of Structure Badrinath
18.0 m
Height of Structure above mean retarding surface (H)
Basic Wind Speed (Vb) 47 m/sec
Terrain Category for the structure Plain terrain
29.75 m/sec
Hourly Mean Wind Speed (Vz, for basic wind speed of 33 m/s)
42.37 m/sec
Hourly Mean Wind Speed (Vz, for basic wind speed of 39 m/s
Horizontal Wind Pressure (Pz) corresponding to basic wind speed 512.50 N/m2 (Note 4 )
of 33 m/s Clause 209.2
Horizontal Wind Pressure (Pz) corresponding to basic wind speed
of 39m/s 1039.59 N/m2
Total Length of Bridge (c/c expansion gap) 101.95 m

Length of Top chord 87.5 m
Effective Span Length (c/c of bearing gap) 100 m
Depth of Deck 0.23 m
Overall Plan Width of Deck 7.8 m
Height of the Truss 10.5 m
CASE-I: WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE WITHOUT LIVE LOAD
Hourly mean wind pressure (Pz) 1039.589 N/m2
A. TRANSVERSE WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE (FT)
Gust Factor (G) 2
I) Wind Load For Windward Truss :

Area enclosed by outer line of Truss 994.6125 m2
Effective area of Truss 313.96 m2
Member Length Depth No. Area FT FT FL

(m) (m) (m2) kN kN/m kN/m
End Raker 12.20 0.80 2 19.52 72.24 3.0 1.5
Top Chord 6.25 0.80 14 70.00 259.07 3.0 1.5
Bottom Chord 6.25 0.80 16 80.00 296.07 3.0 1.5
Verticals 10.00 0.20 15 30.00 111.03 0.7 0.4
Diagonals 12.20 0.67 14 114.44 423.52 2.5 1.2
C. UPWARD/DOWNWARD VERTICAL WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE (FV)
Lift Coefficient (CL) = 0.75
Area in plan A3 795.21 m2 6144
(As per clause 209.3.5) FV = Pz x A3 x G x CL 6468
1240.04 kN 1680
964.8
Member Length Width No. Area FV FV 0.25
(m) (m) (m2) kN kN/m 0.75
Top chord 6.25 0.67 14 58.63 91.42 1.04
Top Lateral Strut 7.80 0.33 11 27.89 43.48 0.51
Bottom chord 6.25 0.67 16 67.00 104.48 1.04
Stringer 3.13 0.23 4 2.81 4.39 0.35
ECG 7.80 0.60 2 9.36 14.60 0.94
ICG 7.80 0.45 11 38.61 60.21 0.70
1 To 9 11 To 49
Zone of the structure V
Z value as per IRC:6 0.36
Importance factor 1.2
Sa/g 2.5
R 1
Ah 0.54
Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment

Node L/C Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
1 1408 COMBINATION LOAD0CASE 182.727
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
32 1408 COMBINATION LOAD0CASE83.969
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
181 1408 COMBINATION LOAD0CASE
308.442
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
182.723
908 0 0 0 0
335.973
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
308.388
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
329.602
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
308.429
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
329.557
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
308.442
908 0 0 0 0
908 0 0 0 0
Node Node Node
1 FX 98.67258 1 FY 65.78172 1 FZ 98.67258
3 FX 181.4287 3 FY 120.9524 3 FZ 181.4287
5 FX 176.7523 5 FY 117.8348 5 FZ 176.7523
32 FX 45.34326 32 FY 30.22884 32 FZ 45.34326
33 FX 21.25656 33 FY 14.17104 33 FZ 21.25656
35 FX 166.5301 35 FY 111.02 35 FZ 166.5301
37 FX 40.02102 37 FY 26.68068 37 FZ 40.02102
39 FX 177.9851 39 FY 118.6567 39 FZ 177.9851
41 FX 21.25656 41 FY 14.17104 41 FZ 21.25656
43 FX 166.5517 43 FY 111.0344 43 FZ 166.5517
45 FX 40.02102 45 FY 26.68068 45 FZ 40.02102
47 FX 177.9613 47 FY 118.6409 47 FZ 177.9613
49 FX 21.25656 49 FY 14.17104 49 FZ 21.25656
51 FX 166.5554 51 FY 111.037 51 FZ 166.5554
53 FX 40.02102 53 FY 26.68068 53 FZ 40.02102
76 FX 177.9635 76 FY 118.6423 76 FZ 177.9635
78 FX 21.2571 78 FY 14.1714 78 FZ 21.2571
81 FX 98.67258 81 FY 65.78172 81 FZ 98.67258
83 FX 181.4287 83 FY 120.9524 83 FZ 181.4287
85 FX 176.7517 85 FY 117.8345 85 FZ 176.7517
88 FX 41.66316 88 FY 27.77544 88 FZ 41.66316
89 FX 28.61622 89 FY 19.07748 89 FZ 28.61622
91 FX 166.5301 91 FY 111.02 91 FZ 166.5301
93 FX 32.6619 93 FY 21.7746 93 FZ 32.6619
95 FX 177.9851 95 FY 118.6567 95 FZ 177.9851
97 FX 28.61622 97 FY 19.07748 97 FZ 28.61622
99 FX 166.5517 99 FY 111.0344 99 FZ 166.5517
101 FX 32.6619 101 FY 21.7746 101 FZ 32.6619
103 FX 177.9613 103 FY 118.6409 103 FZ 177.9613
105 FX 28.61622 105 FY 19.07748 105 FZ 28.61622
107 FX 166.5554 107 FY 111.037 107 FZ 166.5554
109 FX 32.6619 109 FY 21.7746 109 FZ 32.6619
132 FX 177.9635 132 FY 118.6423 132 FZ 177.9635
134 FX 28.61676 134 FY 19.07784 134 FZ 28.61676
155 FX 98.67042 155 FY 65.78028 155 FZ 98.67042
157 FX 181.4254 157 FY 120.9503 157 FZ 181.4254
159 FX 176.7528 159 FY 117.8352 159 FZ 176.7528
162 FX 45.34272 162 FY 30.22848 162 FZ 45.34272
163 FX 21.25656 163 FY 14.17104 163 FZ 21.25656
165 FX 166.5295 165 FY 111.0197 165 FZ 166.5295
167 FX 40.02102 167 FY 26.68068 167 FZ 40.02102
169 FX 177.9851 169 FY 118.6567 169 FZ 177.9851
171 FX 21.25656 171 FY 14.17104 171 FZ 21.25656
173 FX 166.5517 173 FY 111.0344 173 FZ 166.5517
175 FX 40.02102 175 FY 26.68068 175 FZ 40.02102
177 FX 177.9608 177 FY 118.6405 177 FZ 177.9608
179 FX 21.25656 179 FY 14.17104 179 FZ 21.25656
181 FX 166.5587 181 FY 111.0391 181 FZ 166.5587
183 FX 40.02156 183 FY 26.68104 183 FZ 40.02156
186 FX 98.67042 186 FY 65.78028 186 FZ 98.67042
188 FX 181.4254 188 FY 120.9503 188 FZ 181.4254
190 FX 176.7528 190 FY 117.8352 190 FZ 176.7528
193 FX 41.66316 193 FY 27.77544 193 FZ 41.66316
194 FX 28.61622 194 FY 19.07748 194 FZ 28.61622
196 FX 166.5295 196 FY 111.0197 196 FZ 166.5295
198 FX 32.6619 198 FY 21.7746 198 FZ 32.6619
200 FX 177.9851 200 FY 118.6567 200 FZ 177.9851
202 FX 28.61622 202 FY 19.07748 202 FZ 28.61622
204 FX 166.5517 204 FY 111.0344 204 FZ 166.5517
206 FX 32.6619 206 FY 21.7746 206 FZ 32.6619
208 FX 177.9608 208 FY 118.6405 208 FZ 177.9608
210 FX 28.61622 210 FY 19.07748 210 FZ 28.61622
212 FX 166.5587 212 FY 111.0391 212 FZ 166.5587
214 FX 32.6619 214 FY 21.7746 214 FZ 32.6619
0.025806 0.002789911 0.000281079
INPUT DIAGRAM
Total
S.N TYPE MEMBERS MOI ABOUT MOI ABOUT Y-
NOS LENGTH THICKNESS OFFSET AREA Y
Z-Z Y
(mm2) 600
TOP FLANGE 1 600 20 16 12000
END CROSS GIRDER
WEB L 1 756 20 15120

5054126720 2991306240
WEB R 1 756 20 15120 756 756
9 BOTTOM FLANGE 1 600 20 16 12000 Z Z
54240
600
Y
0.05424 0.005054127 0.002991306
INPUT DIAGRAM
Total
S.N TYPE MEMBERS MOI ABOUT MOI ABOUT Y-
NOS LENGTH THICKNESS OFFSET AREA
Z-Z Y
(mm2) Y
BATTEN TOP 0 500 10 0 500
top/bottom Diagonal bracing
TOP FLANGE L 1 150 12 12 1800 12

TOP FLANGE R 1 150 12 12 1800
WEB L 1 350 10 3500 Z Z
249017533.3 1225858333
WEB R 1 350 10 3500 350 350
11 BOTTOM FLANGE L 1 150 12 12 1800 12 500
BOTTOM FLANGE R 1 150 12 12 1800 150 150
BATTEN BOTTOM 0 500 10 0 Y
14200
LENGTH 670
0.0142 0.000249018 0.001225858
S.N TYPE MEMBERS INPUT DIAGRAM

Sectional Properties Used for Analysis of Structure
TOP CHORD (U0-U2 & U8-U10) END
Y0
X0 P2 X0
Size of plate P1 Length = 784 mm Thk. = 18 mm
P1 Width of member at Top, Btop = 670 mm
Width of member at Bottom, Bbot = 670 mm
Depth of member, D= 800 mm
P3
Y0
A*yo (in A*yo2 (in Ixx + A*yo2(in Iyy + A*xo2(in

A*xo (in mm3) A*xo2 (in mm4) Ixx (in mm4) Iyy (in mm4)
xo = Cg @ yo = Cg @ mm3) mm4) mm4) mm4)
Element Side Area, mm2 Y0-Y0 (mm) X0-X0 (mm)
Plate 1 Left 14112 9 392 127008 5531904 1.14E+06 2.17E+09 7.23E+08 3.81E+05 2.89E+09 1.52E+06
Plate 1 Right 14112 697 392 9836064 5531904 6.86E+09 2.17E+09 7.23E+08 3.81E+05 2.89E+09 6.86E+09
Summation 43744 1.54E+07 1.49E+07 9.01E+09 7.23E+09 8.67E+09 9.42E+09
0.043744
Thus, distance of NA, X = 351 mm
Thus, distance of NA, Yt = 340 mm
Yb = 460 mm
4
Ixx = 3.62E+09 mm 0.00361638
4
Iyy = 4.03E+09 mm 0.00403319
rxx = 287.5 mm
ryy = 303.6 mm
3 3
Zxxb = Ixx/Yb = 7.86E+06 mm Zxxt = Ixx/Yt = 1.06E+07 mm
3
Zex, Elastic section modulus (Major) = 7.86E+06 mm
3
Zey, Elastic section modulus (Minor) = 1.15E+07 mm
Plastic Properties
Assume distance of neutral axis from Top of top flange is d = 310 mm
2
Area above neutral axis (A1) = 21872 mm
2
2
Moment balance about neutral axis (A2-A1) = 0 mm
Area of compression Area of tension

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Yi 3
Ai*Yi (mm ) Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Yi (mm3)
(mm2) (mm) (mm2) NA Yi (mm)
Top flange 10720 302 3.24E+06 Bottom flange 4800 466 2.24E+06
Web 11152 155 1.73E+06 Web 17072 237 4.05E+06
21872 4.96E+06 21872 6.29E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 227 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 287 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Zp, Plastic section modulus = 1.12E+07 mm
Ze/Zp = 0.699
TOP CHORD (U2-U8) MID

Y0
X0 P2 X0
P1
Width of member at Top, Btop = 670 mm

P3
Y0
xo = Cg @ yo = Cg @ A*yo (in A*yo2 (in Ixx + A*yo2(in Iyy + A*xo2(in
Element Side Area, mm2 Y0-Y0 (mm) X0-X0 (mm) mm3) mm4) mm )
4
mm )
4
0.050016
Yb = 453 mm
4
Ixx = 3.95E+09 mm 0.00395246
4
Iyy = 4.82E+09 mm 0.00481512
rxx = 281.1 mm
ryy = 310.3 mm
3 3
3
Zex, Elastic section modulus (Major) = 8.72E+06 mm
3
Zey, Elastic section modulus (Minor) = 1.36E+07 mm
Plastic Properties
2
2
2

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Yi Ai*Yi (mm3) Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Yi (mm3)
Web 14288 162 2.32E+06 Web 20208 230 4.64E+06
25008 5.72E+06 25008 6.81E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 229 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 272 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.696
BOTTOM CHORD (L0-L2 & L10-L12) END
Y0
X0 P2 X0
P1

P3
Y0
Element Side Area, mm2 Y0-Y0 (mm) X0-X0 (mm) mm3) mm4) mm4) mm4)
0.052804
Yb = 475 mm
4
Ixx = 4.18E+09 mm 0.00417593
4
Iyy = 4.33E+09 mm 0.00432555
rxx = 281.2 mm
ryy = 286.2 mm
3 3
3
Zex, Elastic section modulus = 8.79E+06 mm
3
Zey, Elastic section modulus = 1.29E+07 mm
Plastic Properties
2
2
2
Distance
Web 12630 144 1.81E+06 Web 21602 245 5.30E+06
26402 5.61E+06 26402 7.62E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 213 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 289 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.664
BOTTOM CHORD (L2-L4 & L8-L10)MID

Y0
X0 P2 X0
P1

P3
Y0
0.065224
Yb = 484 mm
4
Ixx = 4.89E+09 mm 0.00489155
4
Iyy = 5.26E+09 mm 0.00526496
rxx = 273.9 mm
ryy = 284.1 mm
3 3
3
3
Plastic Properties
2
2
2
Distance
Web 15420 138 2.12E+06 Web 27812 248 6.91E+06
32612 6.62E+06 32612 9.25E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 203 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 284 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.637
BOTTOM CHORD (L4-L8) MID
Y0
X0 P2 X0
P1
P3
Y0

Yb = 484 mm
4
Ixx = 4.89E+09 mm 0.00489155
4
Iyy = 5.26E+09 mm 0.00526496
rxx = 273.9 mm
ryy = 284.1 mm
3 3
3
3
Plastic Properties
2
2
2
Moment balance about neutral axis (A2-A1) = -4542 mm
Distance
Web 17691 158 2.79E+06 Web 25541 228 5.82E+06
34883 7.98E+06 30341 7.98E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 229 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 263 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.633
END RAKER
Y0
X0 P2 X0
P1

P3
Y0

Yb = 469 mm
4
Ixx = 5.70E+09 mm 0.00569642
4
Iyy = 6.44E+09 mm 0.00644398
rxx = 284.5 mm
ryy = 302.6 mm
3 3
3
Ze, Elastic section modulus = 1.22E+07 mm
3
Plastic Properties
Assume distance of neutral axis from Top of top flange is d = 293.5 mm
2
2
2

Distance
Web 16436 147 2.41E+06 Web 26796 239 6.41E+06
35196 7.66E+06 35196 1.03E+07
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 218 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 293 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.676
END CROSS GIRDER
Y 1
425 C/s area: 425*20+1060*16+425*20 = 33960 mm2
2 yb : (425*20*10+16*1060*(20+530)+425*20*(1100-10)+(20+1060))/33960 =
(From the Base) 550 mm
Izz =
#
425*20^3/12+425*20*(1100-10-550.00)^2 +16*1060^3/12
4
+16*1060*(20+530-550.00)^2+425*20^3/12+425*20*(10- 6.55E+09 mm
16 550.00)^2 =
1100
1060
4
Iyy = 20*425^3/12 +1060*16^3/12 +20*425^3/12 = 2.56E+08 mm
Z Z
Zxxt : (At Top Fibre) 6545788000/(1100-550.00) = 1.19E+07 mm3
Zxxb : (At Bottom Fibre)6545788000/550.00 = 1.19E+07 mm3
ý 3
1.19E+07 mm
20
. Ze :
3
425
Y
Plastic Properties
2
2
2

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Yi Ai*Yi (mm ) 3
Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Yi (mm3)
Web 8480 265 2.25E+06 Web 8480 265 2.25E+06
16980 6.84E+06 16980 6.84E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 403 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 403 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.870
END CROSS GIRDER - Composite for transient loading (For LL)

575 m = 7.5
Y 1
C/s area: = 35723 mm2
23
2 yb : = 578 mm
Izz =
20
7.07E+09 mm4
Z Z Iyy = 3.05E+08 mm4
16 Z1 : (At Top Fibre) = 9.73E+07 mm3
1100
1060
ý
Z3 : (At Bottom Fibre) = 1.22E+07 mm3
20
3
425
Y
END CROSS GIRDER - Composite for perm loading (For SIDL)

575 m = 15.0
Y 1
C/s area: = 34842 mm2
23
2 yb : = 564 mm
4
Izz = = 6.82E+09 mm
Z
20
Z
4
Iyy = = 2.81E+08 mm
16 Z1 : (At Top Fibre) = 1.83E+08 mm3
1100
1060

20
3
425
Y
INTERMEDIATE CROSS GIRDER
Y 1
450 C/s area: 450*12+763*12+450*25 = 25806 mm2
2 yb : (450*25*12.5+12*763*(25+381.5)+450*12*(800-6)+(25+763))/25806 =
12
Izz = 450*12^3/12+450*12*(800-6-315.82)^2 +12*763^3/12
4
+12*763*(25+381.5-315.82)^2+450*25^3/12+450*25*(12.5- 2.79E+09 mm
12 315.82)^2 =
800
763
4
Iyy = 12*450^3/12 +763*12^3/12 +25*450^3/12 = 2.81E+08 mm
Z Z
Zxxb : (At Bottom Fibre) 2789911221/315.82 = 8.83E+06 mm3
ý 3
5.76E+06 mm
25
. Ze :
3
450
Y
Plastic Properties
2
2
2

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Yi Ai*Yi (mm ) 3
Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Yi (mm3)
Web 7503 313 2.35E+06 Web 1653 69 1.14E+05
12903 5.75E+06 12903 1.80E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 446 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 140 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.762
INT. CROSS GIRDER - Composite for transient loading (For LL)

575 m = 7.5
Y 1
C/s area: = 27569 mm2
23
2 yb : = 348 mm
Izz =
12
3.20E+09 mm4
Z Z Iyy = 3.30E+08 mm4
12 Z1 : (At Top Fibre) = 5.04E+07 mm3
800
763
ý
25
3
450
Y
INT. CROSS GIRDER - Composite for perm loading (For SIDL)

575 m = 15.0
Y 1
C/s area: = 26688 mm2
23
2 yb : = 332 mm
4
Izz = = 3.00E+09 mm
Z
12
Z
4
Iyy = = 3.05E+08 mm
12 Z1 : (At Top Fibre) = 9.17E+07 mm3
800
763

25
3
450
Y
Y
STRINGER - Steel Only

Y 1
250 C/s area: 250*12+576*12+250*12 = 12912 mm2
2 yb : (250*12*6+12*576*(12+288)+250*12*(600-6)+(12+576))/12912 =
12
Izz = 250*12^3/12+250*12*(600-6-300.00)^2 +12*576^3/12
4
+12*576*(12+288-300.00)^2+250*12^3/12+250*12*(6- 7.10E+08 mm
12 300.00)^2 =
600
576
4
Iyy = 12*250^3/12 +576*12^3/12 +12*250^3/12 = 3.13E+07 mm
Z Z
Zxxb : (At Bottom Fibre)709790976/300.00 = 2.37E+06 mm3
ý 3
. Ze : 2.37E+06 mm
12
3
250
Y
Plastic Properties
2
2
2

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Yi Ai*Yi (mm ) 3 Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Yi (mm3)
Web 2976 124 3.69E+05 Web 3936 164 6.46E+05
5976 1.13E+06 6936 1.65E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 189 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 238 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.852
STRINGER - Composite for transient loading (For LL)

2300 m = 7.5
Y 1
C/s area: 33960+2300*23/7.5 = 19965 mm2
23
2 yb : (33960*550.00+(2300*23)/7.5*(600+11.5))/19965.33 = 410 mm
Izz = 6545788000+(2300*23^3/12+2300*23 *(600+11.5-
410.05)^2)/7.5 =
12
1.15E+09 mm4
Z Z Iyy = 256247230+(23*2300^3/12)/7.5 = 3.14E+09 mm4
12 Z1 : (At Top Fibre) 1152718271/(600+23-410.05)*7.5 = 4.06E+07 mm3
600
576
ý
Z3 : (At Bottom Fibre) 1152718271/410.05 = 2.81E+06 mm3
12
3
250
Y
STRINGER - Composite for perm loading (For SIDL)

2300 m = 15.0
Y 1
C/s area: 33960+2300*23/15 = 16439 mm2
23
2 yb : (33960*550.00+(2300*23)/15*(600+11.5))/16438.67 = 367 mm
4
Izz = 6545788000+(2300*23^3/12+2300*23 *(600+11.5- 9.79E+08 mm
Z 366.83)^2)/15 =
12
Z
4
Iyy = 256247230+(23*2300^3/12)/15 = 1.59E+09 mm
12 Z1 : (At Top Fibre) 978732938/(600+23-366.83)*15 = 5.73E+07 mm3
600
576
Z3 : (At Bottom Fibre) 978732938/366.83 = 2.67E+06 mm3

12
3
250
Y
Y
VERTICAL HANGERS
Y 1
350
2
12
18
670
646
X X
12
.
3
350
Y

Top flange - 4200 0 6 0 25200 0 1.51E+05 5.04E+04 4.29E+07 2.02E+05 4.29E+07
Web - 11628 0 335.0 0 3895380 0 1.30E+09 4.04E+08 3.14E+05 1.71E+09 3.14E+05
Bottom flange - 4200 0 664 0 2788800 0 1.85E+09 5.04E+04 4.29E+07 1.85E+09 4.29E+07

Yb = 335 mm
4
Ixx = 1.31E+09 mm 0.0013137
4
Iyy = 8.61E+07 mm 0.00008606
rxx = 256.1 mm
ryy = 65.6 mm
3 3
3
3 3
Zyyb = Iyy/X = 5.25E+05 mm Zyyt = Iyy/Yt = 5.25E+05 mm
3
Plastic Properties along X-X axis

2
2
2

Distance
Web 5814 162 9.39E+05 Web 5814 162 9.39E+05
10014 2.32E+06 10014 2.32E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 232 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 232 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.845
Plastic Properties along Y-Y axis

2
2
2

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Xi 3
Ai*Xi (mm ) Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Xi (mm3)
(mm2) (mm) (mm2) NA Xi (mm)
Flange 5814 4.50 2.62E+04 Flange 5814 4.50 2.62E+04
Webs 4200 175.00 7.35E+05 Webs 4200 175.00 7.35E+05
10014 7.61E+05 10014 7.61E+05
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 76 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 76 mm
∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.345
DIAGONALS
Y0
X0 P2 X0
P1
P3
Y0
Plate 1 Left 11000 11 250 1.21E+05 2.75E+06 1.33E+06 6.88E+08 2.29E+08 4.44E+05 9.17E+08 1.77E+06
Plate 1 Right 11000 659 250 7.25E+06 2.75E+06 4.78E+09 6.88E+08 2.29E+08 4.44E+05 9.17E+08 4.78E+09
0.0346
Yb = 246 mm
4
Ixx = 1.18E+09 mm 0.00118085
4
Iyy = 3.05E+09 mm 0.0030477
rxx = 184.7 mm
ryy = 296.8 mm
3 3
3
3 3
Zyyb = Iyy/X = 9.10E+06 mm Zyyt = Iyy/Yt = 9.10E+06 mm
3
Plastic Properties along X-X axis

Assume distance of neutral axis from Top of top flange is d = 256.8 mm
2
2
2
Distance
Web 11300 128 1.45E+06 Web 10700 122 1.30E+06
17300 2.93E+06 17300 2.83E+06
Y1 = ∑AiYi = 169.48 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 163.78 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.806
Plastic Properties along Y-Y axis

2
2
2

Distance
Section Area Ai from NA Xi 3
Ai*Xi (mm ) Section Area Ai Distance from Ai*Xi (mm3)
(mm2) (mm) (mm2) NA Xi (mm)
Top Flange 11000 324 3.56E+06 Bottom Flange 11000 324 3.56E+06
Webs 6300 238 1.50E+06 Webs 6300 238 1.50E+06
17300 5.06E+06 17300 5.06E+06
X1 = ∑AiXi = 292.68 mm X2 = ∑AiXi = 292.68 mm

∑Ai ∑Ai
3
Ze/Zp = 0.898
DESIGN OF TOP CHORD END
DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBER (As per Clause 507.1 of IRC:24-2010)
1) DESIGN STRENGTH UNDER COMPRESSION
The factored design compression, P = 1202 t
Design strength of member, Pd = Ac * fcd
Depth = 800mm
Flange width = 150mm
Flange Thickness = 16
mm
Web Thickness = 18
mm
3
Elastic Section modulus xx = 7862250 mm
3
Elastic Section modulus yy = 11489745 mm
4
Ixx = 3616381736 mm
4
Iyy = 4033186394 mm
3
Plastic Section modulus xx = 11248206 mm
3
Plastic Section modulus yy = 16437919 mm
rxx = 287.5 mm
ryy = 303.6 mm
2
Here, Ac is the eff. sectional area (mm) = 43744 mm
α = 0.34 (As per table-3 & 4 of IRC:24-2010)

KL = 6250 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 21.74
Young's modulus, E steel = 200000 Mpa
fcc = 4178 Mpa
λ = 0.31
φ = 0.56
fcd = 341 MPa
Design comp. strength of member, Pd = 1492 t OK
The ratio of strength of members, P/Pd = 0.81
About YY axis
KL/r = 20.58
fcc = 4659 Mpa
λ = 0.29
φ = 0.56
fcd = 338 MPa
2) CROSS SECTION CLASSIFICATION
Yield stress ratio for flanges,εf √(250/fy) = 0.80
Yield stress ratio for web,εw √(250/fy) = 0.80
Flange ratio b/tf = 9.4 SEMI COMPACT
Web ratio d/tw = 42.7 PLASTIC
3) SHEAR CAPACITY OF THE SECTION
Factored max. shear force, V = 2 t
Minimum web thickness requirement =
d/tw ≤ 200εw (serviceability req) = 43 < 160 OK
d/tw ≤ 345εf2 (comp. flange buckling req.) = 43 < 221 OK
poisson's ratio = 0.30
yield stress of the web = 390 Mpa
λw = 0.643
Kv (when trans. stiffners are prov. only at supp.) = 5.35
τcr,e = 545 N/mm2
Now,
For λw ≤ 0.8 τb = fyw/ √3
τb = 225.2 N/mm2
Shear corres. to web buckling, Vcr = dtwτb = 623 t OK
(Both the webs participate)
4) SECTION STRENGTH UNDER COMBINED SHEAR AND BENDING (CL. 510.2 IRC:24-2010)
Factored moment in Z direction Mz = 0 tm
Factored moment in Z direction My = 0 tm
0.6Vd (design shear strength) = 374 t
CONDITION: V < 0.6Vd

2 < 374
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
Design bending strength of the section
Md=βb*Zp*fy/γo < 1.2*Ze*fy /γmo
= 279 tm < 335 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
Md(design bending strength of the section) ≥ Mz(maximum bending moment)
= 279 tm > 0 tm
HENCE SAFE TO CARRY APPLIED MOMENT
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 407 tm < 489 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 407 tm > 0 tm
5) MEMBER BUCKLING RESISTANCE IN BENDING (ABOUT XX & YY)

ABOUT X-X AXIS (MAJOR) ABOUT Y-Y AXIS (MINOR)
βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 7341 tm = 8187 tm
Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness ratio = λLTz Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness ratio = λLTy
= 0.241 = 0.276
αLT (welded section) = 0.34 αLT (welded section) = 0.34
Calculating Reduction factor lateral torsional buckling Calculating Reduction factor lateral torsional buckling
= 0.54 = 0.55
= 0.99 = 0.97
= 340 N/mm2 = 336 N/mm2
Lateral torsional buckling resistance, Mdz Lateral torsional buckling resistance, Mdy
= 383 tm = 552 tm
> 0 tm SAFE > 0 tm SAFE
6) SECTION STRENGTH UNDER COMBINED BENDING AND AXIAL FORCE (CL 510.3.1)
n = N/Nd = 0.81 n = N/Nd = 0.81
aweb = (A-2btf)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.50 aweb = (A-2btf)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.50
aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.34 aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.34
Red. plastic moment resistance about major axis Red. plastic moment resistance about minor axis
Mndz = Mdz (1-n)/(1-0.5aw) ≤ Mdz => = 72 tm Mndy = Mdy (1-n)/(1-0.5af) ≤ Mdy => = 92 tm
Check for biaxial bending

For I & channel sections
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 2.67
α2 = 2.67
= 0.00 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.81 < 1.0 SAFE
7) OVERALL MEMBER STRENGTH UNDER COMBINED BENDING & AXIAL COMPRESSION (CL 510.3.2)
Determination of moment amplification factors
= 1.03
Cmz (for sway buckling mode) = 1.00
= 1.03
Cmy (for sway buckling mode) = 1.00
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.97
Check with interaction formula

= 0.81 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.81 < 1.00 SAFE
8) DESIGN FOR FATIGUE LIMIT FOR MEMBERS: (IRC 22: 2015)

The actual normal and shear stress range "f " and "τ " at any point of the strucuture subjected to Nsc cycles in life shall satisfy
γ mft (Table 5, IRC 22-2015) = 1.35 (Non-Fail-Safe) IRC 22-2015,Table 3 Pg 27

f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
satisfy the following:
f <= f fd = μ r f f / γ mft (normal /flexure stress) IRC 22:2015 Clause 605.4 Pg. 34
τ <= τ fd = μ r τ f / γ mft (shear stress)
where,
μr = capacity reduction factor for fillet or butt joint IRC 22-2015, Clause 605.2 Pg 26
= (25 / tp)0.25 <= 1.0 (for plate thickness tp greater than 25 mm) ,
ff ,τf = normal and shear fatigue stress ranges for the actual life cycle, Nsc,
tp = actual thickness in mm of the thicker plate being joined.
For normal stress range,
6 1/3 6
ff = f fn (5 x 10 / N sc ) when, Nsc <= 5 x 10
6 1/5 6 8
= f fn (5 x 10 / N sc ) when, 5 x 10 <= Nsc <= 1 x 10
For shear stress range,
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6
f fn , τ fn = normal and shear fatigue strength of the detail for 5 x 10 cycles, for the detail category as per
IRC 22-2015 Table 4 through Table 6
Thickness of Bottom flange plate = 16 mm

Thickness of Top Flange plate = 16 mm
Thickness of Web = 18 mm
μr (Bottom flange plate) = 1.00 (tp > 25 mm)
μr (Top Flange plate) = 1.00 (tp > 25 mm)
μr (Web Plate) = 1.00 (tp > 25 mm)
Number of stress cycles, Nsc = 2000000
For Welded Plate I-Section and Box girder with Continuous automatic longitudinal fillet welds carried out from both sides
and all welds not having un-repaired stop start position Detail Category 92 is referred of IRC:22-2015 , Table 5, Page 28
τ fn , f fn = 92 MPa
.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa
Design Bending fatigue strength, ffd = μ r f f / γ mft = 92 MPa

Design Shear fatigue strength, τfd = μ r τ f / γ mft = 82 MPa
Evaluation of Actual shear stress range (LL with impact):

4
Moment of Inertia of Cross-section for Short Term Loading = 3.616E+09 mm
Ybottom of Section = 460 mm
Ytop of Section = 340 mm
Max Bending Moment in Section (LL Only) = 50 kNm (Fatigue truck = 12+14+14 = 40T)
(Proportioned to 40/100*1.1)
Maximum Shear Force in Section = 4 kN
Shear Stress in Section = 0.3 MPa OK

Bending Stress in Top flange of Section = 4.7 MPa OK
Bending Stress in Bottom flange of Section = 6.4 MPa OK
As the stresses are sufficiently below the permissible limits, the fatigue assessment is not required.
DESIGN OF TOP CHORD (MID)
Depth = 800mm
mm
Web Thickness = 22
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 3952456352 mm
4
Iyy = 4815123252 mm
3
3
rxx = 281.1 mm
ryy = 310.3 mm
2

KL = 6250 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 22.23
fcc = 3993 Mpa
λ = 0.31
φ = 0.57
fcd = 340 MPa
About YY axis
KL/r = 20.14
fcc = 4865 Mpa
λ = 0.28
φ = 0.57
fcd = 334 MPa
Factored max. shear force, V = -2 t
d/tw ≤ 200εw (serviceability req) = 35 < 160 OK
λw = 0.526
τcr,e = 813 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

-2.36 < 456.54
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 309 tm < 371 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 309 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 481 tm < 577 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 481 tm > 0 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 8021 tm = 9772 tm
Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness ratio = λLTz Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness ratio = λLTy
= 0.244 = 0.275
= 0.54 = 0.55
= 0.98 = 0.97
= 340 N/mm2 = 336 N/mm2
Lateral torsional buckling resistance, Mdz Lateral torsional buckling resistance, Mdy
= 426 tm = 655 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.93 n = N/Nd = 0.94

α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 4.64
α2 = 2.00
= 0.00 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.94 < 1.0 SAFE
= 1.04
= 1.04
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.97

= 0.94 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.93 < 1.00 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD (END)
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBER (As per Clause 506.1 of IRC:24-2010)
1) DESIGN STRENGTH UNDER TENSION
Yielding of gross section criteria check
The factored design Tension, P = 1293 t

Design strength of member, Pd = Ac * f y
Depth = 800mm
Flange Thickness = 16mm
Web Thickness = 22mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 4175929633 mm
4
Iyy = 4325553345 mm
3
3
rxx = 281.2 mm
ryy = 286.2 mm
2
Design strength due to axial tension = 1872 t OK
Ruture of critical section check
No. of bolts (in flange) = 6 nos.

No. of bolts (in web) = 8 nos.
Dia of bolts = 24 mm
2
Net effective area, An = 42052 mm
Design strength due to axial tension (Tdn) = 1635 t OK
KL = 3125 mm

d/tw ≤ 200ε (serviceability req) = 35 < 160 OK
λw = 0.526
τcr,e = 813 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

2.86 < 456.54
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 312 tm < 374 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 312 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 458 tm < 549 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 458 tm > 0 tm
βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 35016 tm = 6565 tm
Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness ratio = λLTz Non-dimensional lateral torsional slenderness ratio = λLTz
= 0.120 = 0.335
= 0.49 = 0.58
= 1.00 = 0.95
= 345 N/mm2 = 329 N/mm2
Lateral torsional buckling resistance, Mdz Lateral torsional buckling resistance, Mdz
= 457 tm = 639 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.79
aweb = (A-2btf)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.50
aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.33
Red. plastic moment resistance about major axis
Mndz = Mdz (1-n)/(1-0.5aw) ≤ Mdz => = 87 tm > 0 tm SAFE
Red. plastic moment resistance about minor axis
Mndy = Mdy (1-n)/(1-0.5af) ≤ Mdy => = 115 tm > 0 tm SAFE

α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 3.95
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.00 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.791 < 1.0 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF BOTTOM CHORD (MID)

Depth = 800mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 4891548860 mm
4
Iyy = 5264957805 mm
3
3
rxx = 273.9 mm
ryy = 284.1 mm
2

2
KL = 6250 mm

λw = 0.413
τcr,e = 1318 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

3.12 < 581.05
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 358 tm < 430 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 358 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 557 tm < 669 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 557 tm > 0 tm
βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 10697 tm = 2005 tm
= 0.237 = 0.684
= 0.53 = 0.82
= 0.99 = 0.79
= 341 N/mm2 = 274 N/mm2
= 541 tm = 676 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.94
aweb = (A-2btf)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.50
aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.31

α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 4.68
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.00 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.936 < 1.0 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF END RAKER
Depth = 800mm
mm
Web Thickness = 28
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 5696415763 mm
4
Iyy = 6443976985 mm
3
3
rxx = 284.5 mm
ryy = 302.6 mm
2

KL = 11792 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 41.45
fcc = 1149 Mpa
λ = 0.58
φ = 0.73
fcd = 300 MPa
About YY axis
KL/r = 38.97
fcc = 1300 Mpa
λ = 0.55
φ = 0.71
fcd = 306 MPa
Flange ratio b/tf = 5.4 PLASTIC
λw = 0.400
τcr,e = 1404 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

2.00 < 562.90
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 431 tm < 517 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 431 tm > 2 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 682 tm < 818 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 682 tm > 295 tm


βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 3382 tm = 3825 tm
= 0.449 = 0.532
= 0.64 = 0.70
= 0.91 = 0.87
= 313 N/mm2 = 301 N/mm2
= 562 tm = 855 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.58 n = N/Nd = 0.57
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 2.90
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.566 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.934 < 1.0 SAFE
= 1.14
= 1.14
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.97

= 0.986 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.884 < 1.00 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
0.25
= (25 / tp) <= 1.0 (for plate thickness tp greater than 25 mm) ,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

9) DESIGN OF JOINT BETWEEN FLANGE AND WEB
Assuming size of the fillet weld = 8 mm
Permissible strength of the fillet weld = 151 N/mm2
The shear strength of fillet weld, P = Pq.L.t
(where, t= throat thickness) = Pq .t N/mm
= 855 N/mm
First moment of area of top flange plate @ C.G. is
3
Q = 670 x 28 x ( 331 - 14.0 ) = 5951621 mm
The Shear flow
q = V .Q
I
= 20 X 5951621 X 1000
5.70E+09
= 21 N/mm
Providing 8 mm fillet weld whose strength is 855 N/mm
be used at both faces, then the required length of weld for 1000 mm length of girder is,
Weld length = 21 X 1000 = 25 mm/1000 mm length
1 X 855 Hence OK
First moment of area of bottom flange plate @ C.G is
3
Q = 150 x 28 x ( 469 - 14.0 ) = 1909947 mm
The Shear flow
q = V .Q
I
= 20 X 1909947 X 1000
5.70E+09
= 7 N/mm
Providing 8 mm fillet weld whose strength is 855 N/mm
be used at both faces, then the required length of weld for 1000 mm length of girder is,
weld length = 7 X 1000 = 10 mm/1000 mm length
1 X 855 Hence OK
10) DESIGN CHECK FOR FATIGUE FOR WELDS

γ mft = 1.35
μr = capacity reduction factor for fillet or butt joint IRC 22-2015, Clause 605.2

6 1/3
6 1/5 6 8
6 1/5
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 / N sc )

f fn = 92 MPa
.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
Allowable shear flow = 509 N/mm > 21 N/mm SAFE

11) DESIGN OF END BATTEN
Transverse shear force, V1 = 30.6 t
Longitudinal distance between c/c of battens, D = 1.68 m (As per Cl. 507.9.1)
Min. trans. distance between centroid of welding, a = 0.61 m (As per Cl. 507.9.3)
Number of parallel planes of battens, n = 2
Longitudinal Shear force, (V1*D)/(n*a) = 42.03 t

Moment, (V1*D)/(2*n) = 12.90 tm
Batten size = 570 mm (L) x 350 mm (B) x 16 mm
Shear capacity of the section (Cl. 509.6.1 & 509.4 of IRC:24-2010)

Design Longitudinal shear force Fy = 42.03 t
2
d/tw ≤ 345εf (comp. flange buckling req.) = 22 < 210 OK
yield stress of the web, fy = 410 Mpa
λw = 0.34
τcr,e = 2021 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 236.7 N/mm2
Shear corres. to web buckling, Vcr = dtwτb = 132.56 t OK
Section strength under bending (Cl. 510.2 IRC:24-2010)

Design moment in Z direction Mz = 12.90 tm
βb = 1.00
Ze = 326667 mm3
ϒm0 = 1.10
Md=1.2*βb*Ze*fy/γo = 14.61 tm > 12.90 tm
Resistance to compression due to yielding

Design strength due to axial comp. 209 > 42 OK Cl. 510.3.1.1
Thickness of batten plate

Minimum Thickness req. = 11 < 16 OK Cl. 507.9.5
12) DESIGN OF BOLTED CONNECTION IN END BATTEN

Type of bolt used = M 24
Property class of bolts used = Grade 8.8 HSFG type
Type of method used for shaping member edges = Machine flame cut edges
Min edge and end distance, e 1.50 times hole diameter = 38.25 mm
Provided edge distance = 55 mm
Minimum pitch, 2.5 x nominal bolt dia = 60 mm
Provided pitch = 80 mm
Standard clearance in dia. and width of slot = 1.5 mm
Diameter of hole, do = 25.5 mm
Shank area of bolt, Asb = 452 mm2
Net area of bolt, Anb = 0.78*Asb = 353 mm2
Ultimate strength of bolt = 830 N/mm2
Ultimate strength of member = 240 N/mm2
Yield stress of bolt = 660 N/mm2
Number of shear planes with threads intercepting the
= 1
shear plane (nn)
Number of shear planes without threads intercepting the
= 0
shear plane (ns)
Partial safety factor bolt bearing type (ϒmb) = 1.25
Shearing capacity of bolted connection

Shear capacity of bolted connection = 13.5 t
Bearing capacity of bolted connection

Shear capacity of bolted connection, Vdpb
Summation of thickness of plates = 28 mm

= 0.72
Nominal bearing strength of bolt (Vdpb) = 23.2 t
Bolt value = 13.5 t
No. of bolts req = 3.11 nos.
No. of bolts provided = 4 nos.
Spacing between bolts = 80 mm
Force in each bolt due to long. Shear = 10.5 t
Force due to moment = M.r/∑r2 = 0.0 t
Resultant force = 10.5 t OK
13) WEB SPLICE DESIGN:

Type of environment = Moderate
Grade of concrete = 35 Mpa
fy = 380 Mpa
e = (250/fy)0.5 = 0.81
Factored Maximum SF, Vsf = 2t

Factored Maximum BM, Mf = 0 tm
Factored Maximum Axial force = 613 t
Provide 28 mm cover plate
Bolt Configuration
Bolt type used = M 24 Grade 10.9 HSFG type
Type of bolt arrangements = In one line
B (Nominal/shaft dia of bolt) = 24 mm
H (Head thickness) = 15 mm
Nos of column (Horz.) = 12 Nos
Nos of row (Vert.) = 8 Nos
Splice plate is in = Tension
Minimum spacing of bolts >= 2.5 x nominal bolt dia (Pg 142 of IRC 24-2010)
>= 60 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fastners shall not be greater than 32t or 300mm
whichever is lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller pate
<= 300 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= The distance between any two adjacent fastners in a line shall not be greater than 16t or
200mm whichever is lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller pate.
<= 200 mm
The distance between any two adjacent fastners in a line and parallel to the edge of outside
Maximum spacing of bolts <= plate shall not be greater than 212mm whichever is lesser, where t is the thickness of smaller
pate.
<= 200 mm
Provide 60 mm spacing c/c in horz. direction Ok under limit
100 mm spacing c/c in vert. direction Ok under limit
Edge and End Distance
Type of edge = Hand flame cut edges
Minimum edge distance = 1.75 times hole diameter
Standard clearance in dia. and width of slot = 1.50 mm
Hole diameter = 25.5 mm
Minimum edge distance = 45 mm
Maximum edge distance = The maximum edge distance to the nearest line of fastner shall not exceed 12te
= 273 mm
Provide 60 mm edge distance Ok under limt
Covering plate size = 820 x 850 (d x b)
60 -10
60
100
60
800
820
-10
850
Cg. of bolt group from top most left bolt
x = 365 mm
y = 350 mm
For Left/ Right side group about their own cg.

m = nos of column = 6 Nos
n = nos of row = 8 Nos
x = spacing in horizontal direction = 60 mm
y = spacing along depth = 100 mm
S x2 m*n*x2 (m2-1)/12
2
= = 504000 mm
Sy 2
=
2 2
m*n*y (n -1)/12 = 907200 mm
2
About the combined cg. of both groups.

Distance in horizontal direction from cg. of left/ right group to cg. of combined bolt group = 215 mm
S x2 = 5445600 mm2
Distance along depth from cg. of left/ right group to cg. of combined bolt group = 0 mm
S y2 = 1814400 mm2
Polar Moment of Inertia of bolt group
Ip = S x2 + S y2
2
= 7260000 mm
Coordinate of bottom right most bolt from cg. Of bolt group

x = 365 mm
y = 350 mm
Shear at bottom, right most bolt
Along x-direction
Vx = M* x / Ip
= 0.02 t
Along y-direction
Vy = M* y /Ip
= 0.02 t
Shear due to vertical shear = 0.04 t / bolt

2 2
Net shear over bolt =  0.021 + ( 0.042 + 0.020 )
= 0.07 t
Tension force over bolt = 12.77 t
Shear capacity of Bolt (Refer clause 512.5.5.3 of IRC:24-2010)
Vdsb = Vnsb /gmb

Vnsb = Nominal shear capacity of beam.
gmb = 1.1
Vnsb = fu(nnAnb+nsAsb)/√3
fu = Ultimate tensile strength of a bolt
= 830 Mpa
nn = Number of shear planes with thread intecepting the shear plane
= 0
ns = Number of shear planes without thread intecepting the shear plane
= 2
Asb = Nominal pane shank area of the bolt
2
= 452 mm
Anb = Net shear area of the bolt at threads, may be taken as the area corresponding to root diameter at the thread.
= 452
Vnsb = 433571 N
Vdsb = 394155 N = 40.2 t
Vdsb after reduction due to long joint, large grip joint and packing plate
Vdsb in Vertical direction
Vdsb * min(blj,blg)*bpk = 366236 N = 37.3 t > 12.8 t OK
Vdsb in horizontal direction

Friction grip type bolting (Refer clause 10.4 of IS800:2007)

Vdsf <= Vdsf
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf
Slip resitance of the Bolt
Vnsf = mf *ne *Kh *Fo
mf = coefficient of friction (slip factor) as specified in IS 800-2007

= 0.50
ne = Number of effective interface offering frictional resistance to slip

= 2.0
Kh = 1.0 1 for fasteners in clearence holes

0.85 for fasteners in oversized and short slotted holes and for fasteners in long
slotted holes loaded perpendicular to the slot.
0.7 for fasteners in long slotted holes loaded parallel to the slot.
gmf = 1.25
Fo = Minimum bolt tension (proof load) at installation
Fo = Anb . f0
Anb = Net area of the bolt at thread
2
= 452 mm
fub = Ultimate tensile stress of the bolt
= 830 Mpa (Table 1, IS 800-2007)
f0 = Proof stress(0.7fub)
f0 = 0.7 x Maximum permissible applied force
= 0.7 x 830 (For class 10.9, refer IS 4000-1992)
= 581 Mpa
Fo = 262838.208 N
Vnsf = 262838.208 N
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf = 210270.5662 N = 21.43 t
Vdsf after reduction due to long joint, large grip joint and packing plate
Shear capacity of bolt in vertical direction
Vdsf * min(blj,blg)*bpk = 21.43 x 0.93 x 1
= 19.9 tonne > 12.8 t OK
Shear capacity of bolt in horizontal direction
= 19.8 tonne > 12.8 t OK
Reduction in capacity due to Long Joint : (Refer clause 512.5.8 of IRC:24-2010)

When the length of joints, lj, of a splice or end connection in a compression or tension element containing more than two fasteners exceeds 15d
in the direction of load then the nominal shear capacity of the fasteners shall be reduced by blj
Reduction factor
blj = 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
lj in vertical = 700 mm
lj in horizontal = 730 mm
d = Nominal diameter of fastener = 24 mm
blj for vertical load = 0.929
blj for horizontal load = 0.923
(Refer clause 512.5.9 of IRC:24-2010)
Reduction in capacity due to Large grip lengths :
When the grip length of joints, lg, exceeds 5 times the diameter, d of the bolt, the design shear force shall be reduced by factor b lg.
blg = 8d / (3d + lg) <= 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
Note: lg shall be no case greater than 8d
blg is applicable if lg is greater than 5d
lg in vertical = 56 mm <= 5d = 120
lg in horizontal = 56 mm <= 5d = 120
d = Nominal diameter of fastener = 24 mm
blg for vertical load = min( 1, 0.9292 )

blg for horizontal load = min( 1, 0.9229 )
blg for vertical load = 0.9292

blg for horizontal load = 0.9229
Reduction in capacity due to packing plates :
When the design shear capacity of bolt carrying shear through packing plate in excess of 6mm, the shear capacity shall be reduced by factor bpk.
Packing plate is present = No
bpk = (1-0.0125tpk)
tpk = Thickness of thicker packing, in mm
= 0 mm
bpk = 1
For ultimate strength check
Bearing capacity of bolt :
Vdpb = Vnpb /gmb
Vnpb = Nominal bearing strength of bolt
= 2.5 kb . d . t . fu
kb = min( e/3d0, p/3d0-0.25, fub/fu, 1)
e = End distance of the fastner along bearing direction
= 60 mm
p = Pitch distance of the fastner along bearing direction
= 60 mm
d0 = Diameter of hole
= 25.5 mm
= 830 Mpa
fu = Ultimate tensile stress of the plate
= 380 Mpa
d = Nominal diameter of bolt
= 24 mm
Type of bolt fitting = Normal
H = Head thickness of bolt
= 15.0 mm
t = Summation of the thickness of the connected plates experiencing bearing stress in the same direction, or if bolts are
countersunk, the thickness of the plate minu half of the depth of countersinking.
= 28
kb = 0.534
Vnpb = 341106 N = 34.8 tonne > 12.8 tonne OK
Reduction in bearing capacity due to size of holes :

Type of holes = Standard clearance
Reduction factor = 1
Vnpb = 341106 N
Vdpb = 310096 N = 31.6 tonne > 12.8 tonne OK
Tension capacity:
Tb <= Tdb
where, Tdb = Tnb/gmb

Tnb = Nominal tensile capacity of the bolt
= 0.9fub . An < fyb . Asb (gmb / gm0)
gmb = 1.1
gmo = 1.1
fub = Ultimate tensile stress of bolt
= 830 Mpa
fyb = Yield stress of bolt
= 660 Mpa
An = Net tensile stress area(for bolts the tensile stress area shall be equal to the area at thread
bottom) as specified in appropriate Indian standard.
2
= 452.389342 mm
Asb = Shank area of the bolt.
2
= 452.389342 mm
Tnb = min( 337934.839 , 298576.9658 )
= 298576.966 N = 30.4 t > 12.8 t OK
Combined Shear and Tension capacity: (Refer clause 10.3.6 of IS 800:2000)
(Vsb/Vdb)2 + (Tb/Tdb)2 <= 1
Vsb = Factored shear force acting on the bolt.

0.07 t
Vdb = Design shear capacity.
37.08 t
Tb = Factored tensile force acting on the bolt.
12.77 t
Tdb = Design tension capacity.
30.44 t
(Vsb/Vdb)2 + (Tb/Tdb)2 = 0.18 < 1.00 OK
14) BOTTOM FLANGE SPLICE DESIGN :

Bolt Configuration
Bolt type used = 24 Grade 10.9 HSFG type
Nos of column = 2 Nos
Nos of row = 12 Nos
Splice pate is in = Tension
Minimum spacing of bolts >= 2.5 x nominal bolt dia
>= 60 mm
Maximum spacing of bolts <= 300 mm
Provide 60 mm spacing c/c in longitudinal direction Ok under limit
Provide 90 mm spacing c/c in transverse direction Ok under limit

Standrad clearance in diameter and width of slot = 3 mm (As per table-19 of Is:800-2007)
Hole diameter = 27.0 mm
Minimum edge distance = 47.25 mm
= 195 mm
Area of Bottom Flange = 4200 mm2

Area deducted due to holes = 1512 mm2
Net area of bottom flange plate = 2688 mm2
Net area of cover plates reqd. = 2822 mm2
Gross area of cover plates reqd. = 4410 mm2
1 splice plate = 650 x 20

2
Gross area of cover plates = 13000 mm O.K.
2
Net area of cover plates = 11920 mm O.K.
ULS Stress at mid of bottom Flange = 1.9 Mpa
ULS Force in bottom Flange = 1 t
Allowable stress at ultimate = 380 Mpa
Max. force in bottom flange = 102 t
Capacity required of splice plate = max (1.1 * 1 , 0.8 * 102 )
= 82 t
Nos of bolts provided = 12.0 Nos
Shear force per bolt = 6.8 tonne
Shear capacity of Bolt
Vdsb = Vnsb /gmb

gmb = 1.1
= 830 Mpa
= 0
= 2
2
= 452 mm
= 452
Vnsb = 433570.6 N
Vdsb = 394155.0909 N = 40.2 t

Friction grip type bolting

Vdsf <= Vdsf
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf
Ultimate Shear capacity of Bolt
mf = coefficent of friction (slip factor) as specified in IS 800-2007

= 0.50
for surface blasted with shot or grit and spray metallized with alluminium (thickness > 50 mm)

= 2

gmf = 1.25
Fo = Anb . f0
2
= 452 mm
= 830 Mpa
= 581 Mpa
Fo = 262838.2078 N
Vnsf = 262838.2078 N
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf = 210271 N = 21.43 t
= 19.9 tonne > 6.8 tonne OK
Reduction in capacity due to Long Joint :

When the length of joints, lj, of a splice or end connection in a compression or tension element containing more than two fasteners exceeds 15d
in the direction of load then the nominal shear capacity of the fasteners shall be reduced by blj
Reduction factor
blj = 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
lj = 710 mm
d = Nominal diameter of fastener
= 24 mm
blj = 0.927083333

When the grip length of joints, lg, exceeds 5 times the diameter, d of the bolt, the design shear force shall be reduced by factor blg.
lg = 20 mm <= 5d = 120
= 24 mm
blg = min( 1, 0.9271 )
blg = 0.927083333
When the design shear capacityof bolt carrying shear through packing plate in excess of 6mm, the shear capacity shall be reduced by factor bpk.
bpk = (1-0.0125tpk)
tpk = thickness of thicker packing, in mm
= 0 mm
bpk = 1

Vdpb = Vnpb /gmb
= 2.5 kb . d . t . fu
kb = min( e/3d0, p/3d0-0.25, fub/fu, 1)
= 50 mm
= 60 mm
= 27 mm
= 830 Mpa
= 380 Mpa
= 24 mm
= 15 mm
t = summation of the thickness of the connected plates exprencencing bearing stress in the same direction, or if bolts are
countersunk, the thickness of the plate minu half of the depth of countersinking.
= 20 mm
kb = 0.491
Vnpb = 223778 N = 22.8 t > 6.8 t OK

Vnpb = 223778
Vdpb = 203434 N = 20.7 t > 6.8 t OK
Tension capacity:
Tb <= Tdb

gmb = 1.1
gmo = 1.1
= 830 Mpa
= 660 Mpa
An = Net tensile stress area(for bolts the tensile stress area shall be equal to the area at thread bottom) as
specified in appropriate Indian standard.
2
= 452.3893421 mm
2
= 452.3893421 mm
Tnb = min( 337934.8386 , 298576.9658 )
= 298576.9658 N = 30.4 t > 6.8 t OK
Combined Shear and Tension capacity:

6.81 t
37.25 t
6.81 t
30.44 t
(Vsb/Vdb)2 + (Tb/Tdb)2 = 0.08 < 1.00 tonne OK
15) TOP FLANGE SPLICE DESIGN :
Bolt Configuration
Bolt type used = 24 Grade 10.9 HSFG type
Nos of column = 6 Nos
Nos of row = 12 Nos
Splice pate is in = Tension
Minimum spacing of bolts >= 2.5 x nominal bolt dia
>= 60 mm
Provide 60 mm spacing c/c in longitudinal direction Ok under limit
Provide 75 mm spacing c/c in transverce direction Ok under limit

Standard clearance in diameter and width of slot = 3 mm (As per table-19 of IS:800-2007)
Hole diameter = 27 mm
Minimum edge distance = 47.25 mm
= 243 mm
Area of top Flange = 18760 mm2

Area deducted due to holes = 4536 mm2
Net area of top flange plate = 14224 mm2
Net area of cover plates reqd. = 14935 mm2
Gross area of cover plates reqd. = 19698 mm2
Provide 2 cover plates

Top cover plates = 475 x 25
Bottom cover plates = 475 x 25
2
Gross area of cover plates = 23750 mm O.K.
2
Net area of cover plates = 15650 mm O.K.
ULS Stress at mid of top Flange = 2 Mpa

ULS Force in top Flange = 4 t
Allowable stress at ultimate = 380 Mpa
Max. force in bottom flange = 541 t
Capacity required of splice plate = max (1.1* 4 , 0.8* 541 )
= 432 t
Nos of bolts provided = 36 Nos
Shear force per bolt = 15.0 tonne
Shear capacity of Bolt
Vdsb = Vnsb /gmb

gmb = 1.1
= 830 Mpa
= 0
= 2
2
= 452 mm
= 452
Vnsb = 433571 N
Vdsb = 394155 N = 40.2 t

Friction grip type bolting

Vdsf <= Vdsf
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf
Ultimate Shear capacity of Bolt
mf = coefficent of friction (slip factor) as specified in IS 800-2007

= 0.50
for surface blasted with shot or grit and spray metallized with alluminium (thickness > 50 mm)

= 2.0

gmf = 1.25
Fo = Anb . f0
2
= 452 mm
= 830 Mpa
= 581 Mpa
Fo = 262838.2078 N
Vnsf = 262838.2078 N
Vdsf = Vnsf / gmf = 210271 N = 21.43 t
= 21.4 tonne > 15.0 tonne OK
Reduction in capacity due to Long Joint :

When the length of joints, lj, of a splice or end connection in a compression or tension element containing more than two two fasteners exceeds
15d in the direction of load then the nominal shear capacity of the fasteners shall be reduced by blj
Reduction factor
blj = 1.075 - (lj / (200d)) but 0.75 ≤ blj ≤ 1.0
lj = 375 mm
= 24 mm
blj = 0.996875

When the grip length of joints, lg, exceeds 5 times the diameter, d of the bolt, the design shear force shall be reduced by factor blg.
lg = 50 mm <= 5d = 120
= 24 mm
blg = min( 1.00 , 0.996875 )
blg = 0.996875
When the design shear capacityof bolt carrying shear through packing plate in excess of 6mm, the shear capacity shall be reduced by factor bpk.
bpk = (1-0.0125tpk)
tpk = thickness of thicker packing, in mm
= 0 mm
bpk = 1 mm

Vdpb = Vnpb /gmb
= 2.5 kb . d . t . fu
kb = min( e/3d0, p/3d0-0.25, fub/fu, 1)
= 50 mm
= 60 mm
= 27 mm
= 830 Mpa
= 380 Mpa
= 24 mm
= 15 mm
t = Summation of the thickness of the connected plates exprencencing bearing stress in the same
direction, or if bolts are countersunk, the thickness of the plate minu half of the depth of
countersinking.
= 25
kb = 0.491
Vnpb = 279722 N = 28.5 t > 15.0 t OK

Vnpb = 279722
Vdpb = 254293 N = 25.9 t > 15.0 t OK
Tension capacity:
Tb <= Tdb

gmb = 1.1
gmo = 1.1
= 830 Mpa
= 660 Mpa
An = Net tensile stress area(for bolts the tensile stress area shall be equal to the area at thread bottom) as
specified in appropriate Indian standard.
2
= 452.389342 mm
2
= 452.389342 mm
Tnb = min( 337934.839 , 298576.9658 )
= 298576.966 N = 30.4 t > 15.0 t OK
Combined Shear and Tension capacity:

15.01 t
40.05 t
15.01 t
30.44 t
(Vsb/Vdb)2 + (Tb/Tdb)2 = 0.38 < 1.00 OK
DESIGN OF DIAGONALS
Depth = 500mm
mm
Web Thickness = 22
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 1180852504 mm
4
Iyy = 3047698733 mm
3
3
rxx = 184.7 mm
ryy = 296.8 mm
2

KL = 11792 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 63.83
fcc = 484 Mpa
λ = 0.90
φ = 1.07
fcd = 213 MPa
About YY axis
KL/r = 39.73
fcc = 1250 Mpa
λ = 0.56
φ = 1.07
fcd = 178 MPa
Flange ratio b/tf = 7.5 COMPACT
λw = 0.315
τcr,e = 2267 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

3.06 < 273.45
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 165 tm < 198 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 165 tm > 3 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 323 tm < 387 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 323 tm > 19 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 1148 tm = 1148 tm
= 0.437 = 0.611
= 0.65 = 0.79
= 0.88 = 0.78
= 303 N/mm2 = 269 N/mm2
= 175 tm = 303 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.70 n = N/Nd = 0.83
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 3.49
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.02 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.91 < 1.0 SAFE
= 1.17
= 1.17
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.96

= 0.91 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.75 < 1.00 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF DIAGONALS

Depth = 500mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 1180852504 mm
4
Iyy = 3047698733 mm
3
Plastic Section modulus xx = 5765354.545 mm
3
rxx = 184.7 mm
ryy = 296.8 mm
2

2
KL = 11792 mm

Flange ratio b/tf = 7.5 COMPACT
λw = 0.315
τcr,e = 2267 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

2.01 < 273.45
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 165 tm < 198 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 165 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 323 tm < 387 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 323 tm > 0 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 483 tm = 344 tm
= 0.674 = 1.116
= 0.84 = 1.35
= 0.74 = 0.48
= 256 N/mm2 = 164 N/mm2
= 148 tm = 185 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.46
aweb = (A-2btf)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.50
aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = 0.36

α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 2.29
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.00 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.46 < 1.0 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF VERTICALS
Depth = 670mm
mm
Web Thickness = 18
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 1313704404 mm
4
Iyy = 86063956 mm
3
3
rxx = 256.1 mm
ryy = 65.6 mm
2

KL = 10000 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 39.05
fcc = 1295 Mpa
λ = 0.55
φ = 0.74
fcd = 289 MPa
About YY axis
KL/r = 152.55
fcc = 85 Mpa
λ = 2.14
φ = 3.28
fcd = 62 MPa

Flange ratio b/tf = 13.8 SLENDER
2
λw = 0.541
τcr,e = 770 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

0.19 < 157.10
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 139 tm < 167 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 139 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 19 tm < 22 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 19 tm > 0 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 907 tm = 88 tm
= 0.441 = 0.519
= 0.66 = 0.71
= 0.88 = 0.83
= 302 N/mm2 = 287 N/mm2
= 140 tm > = 18 tm >
0 tm SAFE 0 tm SAFE
n = N/Nd = 0.17 n = N/Nd = 0.81
aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = -0.20 aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = -0.20
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 1.00
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.04
< 1.0 SAFE
= 0.826
< 1.0 SAFE
= 1.04
= 1.26
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.99

= 0.83 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.183 < 1.00 SAFE

The actual normal and shear stress range "f " and "τ " at any point of the strucuture subjected to N sc cycles in life shall satisfy

f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
ff ,τf = normal and shear fatigue stress ranges for the actual life cycle, N sc,
ff = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 when, Nsc <= 5 x 10
6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
f fn , τ fn = normal and shear fatigue strength of the detail for 5 x 10 6 cycles, for the detail category as per

μr (Bottom flange plate) = 1.00
μr (Top Flange plate) = 1.00
μr (Web Plate) = 1.00
6 1/3
.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 / N sc ) =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 / N sc ) 1/5
6
=92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF VERTICALS

Depth = 670mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 1313704404 mm
4
Iyy = 86063956 mm
3
3
rxx = 256.1 mm
ryy = 65.6 mm
2

2
KL = 10000 mm

Flange ratio b/tf = 13.8 SLENDER
λw = 0.541
τcr,e = 770 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225.2 N/mm2

4.38 < 157.10
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 139 tm < 167 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 139 tm > 6 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 19 tm < 22 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 19 tm > 10 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 474 tm = 46 tm
= 0.610 = 0.718
= 0.79 = 0.89
= 0.78 = 0.71
= 269 N/mm2 = 246 N/mm2
= 125 tm = 15 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.20 n = N/Nd = 0.20
aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = -0.20 aflange = (A-2htw)/A ≤ 0.5 = -0.20
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 1.00
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.71 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.76 < 1.0 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF TOP LATERAL BRACING / TOP CROSS BRACING
Depth = 450
mm
Flange width = 325
mm
mm
Web Thickness = 14
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 522621900 mm
4
Iyy = 128102900 mm
3
3
rxx = 192.5 mm
ryy = 95.3 mm
2
.

KL = 18000 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 93.49
fcc = 226 Mpa
λ = 1.05
φ = 1.20
fcd = 128.2 MPa
About YY axis
KL/r = 189
fcc = 55 Mpa
λ = 2.13
φ = 3.09
fcd = 42.7 MPa

λw = 0.367
τcr,e = 1071 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 144.3 N/mm2
(2-ISMB sections used)

0.94 < 103.30
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 53 tm < 63 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, Md ≥ Mz
= 53 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 18 tm < 21 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, Md ≥ Mz
= 18 tm > 0 tm
βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 91 tm = 33 tm
= 1.510 = 2.519
= 1.86 = 4.07
= 0.34 = 0.14
= 117 N/mm2 = 48 N/mm2
= 64 tm > = 26 tm >
0 tm SAFE 0 tm SAFE
n = N/Nd = 0.30 n = N/Nd = 0.90
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 1.50
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.00
< 1.0 SAFE
= 0.90
< 1.0 SAFE
= 1.24
= 1.72
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.94

= 0.90 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.30 < 1.00 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
= f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 when, 5 x 106 <= Nsc <= 1 x 108
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
f fn , τ fn = normal and shear fatigue strength of the detail for 5 x 10 6 cycles, for the detail category as per

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4


Depth = 450
mm
Flange width = 325
mm
mm
Web Thickness = 14
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 522621900 mm
4
Iyy = 128102900 mm
3
3
rxx = 192.5 mm
ryy = 95.3 mm
2

2
KL = 10589 mm

Yield stress ratio for flanges,εf √(250/f y) = 1.00
Yield stress ratio for web,εw √(250/f y) = 1.00

d/tw ≤ 345εf 2 (comp. flange buckling req.) = 30 < 345 OK
λw = 0.367
τcr,e = 1071 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 144.3 N/mm2

34.15 < 103.30
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 53 tm < 63 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, Md ≥ Mz
= 53 tm > 4 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 18 tm < 21 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, Md ≥ Mz
= 18 tm > 2 tm
βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 164 tm = 50 tm
= 1.121 = 2.037
= 1.35 = 3.02
= 0.47 = 0.19
= 163 N/mm2 = 66 N/mm2
= 89 tm = 36 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.19 n = N/Nd = 0.19

α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 1.00
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.14 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.39 < 1.0 SAFE

The actual normal and shear stress range "f " and "τ " at any point of the strucuture subjected to N sc cycles in life shall satisfy

f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
0.25
6
= f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 when, 5 x 106 <= Nsc <= 1 x 108

6 1/5
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 / N sc )

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

Depth = 350mm
mm
Web Thickness = 10
mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 249017533 mm
4
Iyy = 1225858333 mm
3
3
rxx = 132.4 mm
ryy = 293.8 mm
2

KL = 10589 mm
About XX axis
KL/r = 79.96
fcc = 309 Mpa
λ = 0.90
φ = 1.02
fcd = 150.3 MPa
About YY axis
KL/r = 36
fcc = 1520 Mpa
λ = 0.41
φ = 0.62
fcd = 210.0 MPa

Factored max. shear force, V = 1t
2
λw = 0.393
τcr,e = 933 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 144.3 N/mm2
(2-ISMB sections used)

0.94 < 56.47
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 32 tm < 39 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, Md ≥ Mz
= 32 tm > 0 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 371 tm < 446 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, Md ≥ Mz
= 371 tm > 0 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 134 tm = 449 tm
= 1.033 = 0.564
= 1.24 = 0.75
= 0.52 = 0.81
= 180 N/mm2 = 279 N/mm2
= 68 tm > = 105 tm >
0 tm SAFE 0 tm SAFE
n = N/Nd = 0.88 n = N/Nd = 0.63
α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 4.42
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.00
< 1.0 SAFE
= 0.63
< 1.0 SAFE
= 1.71
= 1.23
CmLT = 1.00
= 0.88

= 0.63 < 1.00 SAFE
= 0.88 < 1.00 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/5 6
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
6 1/5
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 / N sc ) =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4


Depth = 350mm
3
3
4
Ixx = 249017533 mm
4
Iyy = 1225858333 mm
3
Plastic Section modulus xx = 3760877.011 mm
3
rxx = 132.4 mm
ryy = 293.8 mm
2

2
KL = 10589 mm

λw = 0.393
τcr,e = 933 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 144.3 N/mm2

34.15 < 56.47
ABOUT MAJOR AXIS
= 32 tm < 39 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 32 tm > 4 tm
ABOUT MINOR AXIS

= 371 tm < 446 tm OK clause 509.2.1.2

Also, M d ≥ Mz
= 371 tm > 2 tm

βb = 1.00 βb = 1.00
= 57 tm = 193 tm
= 1.578 = 2.920
= 2.08 = 5.43
= 0.29 = 0.10
= 100 N/mm2 = 35 N/mm2
= 38 tm = 149 tm
n = N/Nd = 0.67 n = N/Nd = 0.67

α1 = 5n ≥ 1 = 3.33
α2 = 2 = 2.00
= 0.09 < 1.0 SAFE
= 0.81 < 1.0 SAFE


f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


4

DESIGN OF STRINGERS
Deck slab thickness = 0.023 m
Overall Depth of section = 0.600 m
Thickness of Top flange = 0.012 m
Thickness of Bottom flange = 0.012 m
Effective width of deck for stringer = 2.300 m
Y 1
250 Sectional STRINGER - Comp. STRINGER - Comp.
STRINGER - Steel Only
2 Properties (For LL) (For Perm)
Area (in m2) 0.0129 0.0200 0.0164
12
yt (in m) 0.3000 0.1900 0.2332
yb (in m) 0.3000 0.4100 0.3668
12 Ixx (in m4) 0.0007 0.0012 0.0010
600
576
Iyy (in m4) 0.0000 0.0031 0.0016

Z Z
rxx (in m) - - -
ryy (in m) - - -
ý
ZTop (in m3)
12
. 0.0024 0.0406 0.0573

3 ZInt (in m3) - - -
250 ZBot (in m3) 0.0024 0.0028 0.0027
Y
LOAD CASES
SLS case (BM) = 26.5 tm

ULS (Service stage) (BM) = 43.9 tm
ULS (Service stage) (SF) 10.6 t
Buckling check (Cons. stage) = 8.2 tm
Shrinkage Calculations
Thickness of Deck slab = 0.023 m

Grade of Concrete of Deck Slab = 35 Mpa
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel = 200000 Mpa
Shrinkage Co-efficient = 0.0002 (IRC 6-2014 Cl 217.3)
Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete (Long Term) Kc.Ec = 15500 Mpa (IRC 22-2015 clause 604.3)
Modular Ratio, m (long-term) Es/(Kc.Ec) = 12.90
2.300
0.250
0.023
0.012
0.600 0.012
Ycg
0.012
0.250
Component A y Ay Ay2 Io Io + Ay2

Deck Slab 0.0041 0.6115 0.0025 0.0015 0.0000 0.0015
Top Flange 0.0030 0.5940 0.0018 0.0011 0.0000 0.0011
Web 0.0069 0.3000 0.0021 0.0006 0.0002 0.0008
Rect. Bottom Flange 0.0030 0.0060 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Summations SA SAy SAy2 SIo S(Io + Ay2)

Composite Section 0.0170 0.0064 0.0032 0.0002 0.0034
Girder Only 0.0129 0.0039 0.0017 0.0002 0.0019
Section Properties of Composite Section

2
Area SA = 0.0170 m
Distance of cg from bottom fibre (Y) Y =S(A.y) / SA = 0.3751 m
4
Moment of inertia of Composite Girder (Iz) = S(Io+A.y2)-SA.Y2 = 0.0002 m
Axial stress due to shrinkage = 3.10 MPa

Axial Force due to Shrinkage = 164 KN
Eccentricity of Force = 0.236 m
Moment about cg of Composite Girder due to Shrinkage Force = 39 KN-m
Bending stress at Top of Concrete = -0.68 MPa

Bending stress at the bottom of steel = 14.53 MPa
Axial Stress = -9.98 MPa
Total Stress at the Top of deck -10.7 MPa (Compression)

Total Stress at the Bottom of Steel = 4.6 MPa (Tension)
Level Marked in Load Permissible

Total Stress
C/s stresses
DL SIDL LL Shrinkage
Steel, top -91 0 -9 -11 -111 -345 Hence OK
Steel, bot 91 5 127 5 228 345 Hence OK
SERVICE STAGE
Max Bending Moment of girder of composite section = 430 kNm
Max Shear force for composite section = 104 kN
PROPORTIONING OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

1). Dimensioning of the Web
Assuming the girder is laterally supported throughout the span i.e. stiffeners are provided.
Assuming the Thickness of the web tweb = 12 mm
Yield stress of web fy = 410 Mpa (As per thickness)
Max perm. bending stress sbct = 373 Mpa
Partial safety factor for material 1.10
Average Shear Stress = 0.35 x fy

= 0.35 x 410 = 144 MPa
Min overall depth = L = 6250 = 250 mm

25 25
Overall depth Provide inclusive deck slab = 623 mm Hence OK
Assuming Thk. of the Top Flange Plate-1 = 12 mm

Assuming Thk. of the Bottom Flange Plate-1 = 12 mm
Assuming Thk. of the Bottom Flange Plate-2 = 0
Therefor Depth of the Web Plate = 576 mm
Assuming a web plate of size = 576 x 12 mm
Assume Spacing of Stiffener = C = 3125 mm
Minimum web thickness of member
(a) Minimum web thickness for serviceability requirement (IRC 24-2010, clause 509.6)
Case (WEB CONNECTED TO FLANGE ALONG BOTH LONGITUDINAL EDGES)
Conditions TRANSVERSE STIFFENER
Minimum web thickness requirement 3.6 3d ≥ C > =d
(b) Minimum web thickness of compression flange buckling requirement
Case WHEN THE TRANSVERSE STIFFNESS ARE PROVIDED
Minimum thickness of web require 2.5 C>=1.5d Hence OK
DESIGN STAGE I
Assuming that the bending moment is carried by the flanges

Approximate Area of flanges required
2
Af = Mz * γmo = 23 mm
fy * D
2
Area of flange provided = = 3000 mm
2
> 23 mm Hence OK
CHECK FOR DESIGN STRENGTH IN BENDING
V (factored design shear force) = 104 kN

0.6Vd (design shear strength) = 892 kN (Using simple post critical method)
104 < 892

994

= 994 kNm < 1193 kNm Hence OK Clause 509.2.1.2
Also, Md ≥ M z
994 kNm > 430 kNm
CHECK FOR THE THICKNESS OF WEB FROM SHEAR CONSIDERATION -
Assuming the followng Flange elements

Top Flange Area -
2
I)Top Plate-1 250 x 12 = 3000 mm
2
2) Top Plate-2 0 x 0 = 0 mm
II).
2
S Af = 3000 mm
2
> 23 mm Hence OK
Bottom Flange Area -

2
I)Top Plate-1 250 x 12 = 3000 mm
2
II).
2
S Af = 3000 mm
Therefore distance of N.A. from top fibre , yt = 300 mm
4
Ixx = 7.098E+08 mm
yb = D - yt
= 600 - 300
= 300 mm
Stress at top fibre = M/Zt = 2.09E+08

2.37E+06
= 88 Mpa
< 373 Mpa
Hence OK
Stress at bottom fiber = M/Zb = 2.09E+08
2.37E+06
= 88 Mpa
< 373 Mpa
Hence OK
Assuming y1 is the distance of equal area axis from top
250 X 12 + (yt- 12 )X 12
2
= 6456 mm
yt = 300 mm
yb = 300 mm
Now distance of centroid of area above equal axis

y1 = 214 mm
y2 = 214 mm
Plastic section modulus

3
Zp = A ( y1+y2) = 2759328 mm
2
CHECK FOR THE LOCAL CAPACITY OF THE SECTION Table 2 -IRC 24-10
b1 = 119 mm
b2 = 119 mm
Yield stress ratio for flanges ε sqrt(250/fy) = 0.81
Yield stress ratio for web ε sqrt(250/fy) = 0.80
Top flange ratio b1/tf1 = 9.9 SEMI COMPACT
Bottom flange ratio b2/tf2 = 9.9 SEMI COMPACT
Condition NO WEB STIFFNING AND WEB BUCKLING CHECK REQUIRED. clause 509.4.2.1
d/tw > 67ε
Design of Intermediate transverse web stiffeners
When only transverse stiffener are provided

( in webs connected to flanges along both logitudinal edges)
condition 3d ≥ C > =d clause 509.6

assume C= spacing of transverse stiffener
d=depth of the web
Now, d = 576 mm
3*d = 1728 mm
assume C = 3125 mm
CHECK FOR SHEAR
Shear resistance of the web using SIMPLE POST CRITICAL METHOD

Calculation for τb
yield stress of the web= 410 Mpa
λw = 0.73
Kv = 5.35+4.0/(c/d)^2 = 5.49
τcr,e = 441.2 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 237 N/mm2
Shear force corresponding to web buckling, Vcr = dtwτb = 1636 kN
Plastic Shear resistance, Vp = Avfyw/ √3 = 1487 kN (As per thickness)
CONDITION Plastic Shear resistance, Vp = Avfyw/ √3 clause 509.4
METHOD SIMPLE POST CRITICAL MEHOD =

SHEAR RESISTANCE = 1636 >= 104 Hence OK
Shear Table
Allowable Actual Safety
PLASTIC SHEAR RESISTANCE 1487 kN 104 kN SAFE
SIMPLE POST CRITICAL MEHOD 1636 kN 104 kN SAFE
Design for Fatigue Limit: (IRC 22: 2015)

f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5
6
Note: Partial safety factor for "loads" in the evaluation of stress range in fatigue design shall be taken as 1.0
.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa

DESIGN CHECK FOR FATIGUE FOR WELDS

Allowable shear flow (top flange and web) 1308 N/mm > 129 N/mm OK
Allowable shear flow (bottom flange and web) 1308 N/mm > 129 N/mm OK
Green concrete stage ) : -
Moment of Interia of the Girder only section
INITIAL STRESS
Stresses at top fibre due to self weight of girder (ULS) = 88 Mpa
Stresses at Bottom fibre due to self weight of girder (ULS) = 88 Mpa
Max Bending Moment due to green concrete weight = 6 kNm
Area of girder only section = 12912 mm2

Distance of N.A. from top fibre(Yt) = 300 mm
Distance of NA from bottom Fibre(Yb) = D - Yt
= 600 - 300
Yb = 300 mm
Zt = 2365970 mm3
Zb = 2365970 mm3
Iyy = 31332944 mm4
ryy = 49 mm
Actual bending compressive stress
Modulus of elasticity E = 200000 Mpa

Effective length for lateral torsional buckling LLT = 2.63 m
Centre to Centre distance between flanges hf = 0.60 m
Thickness of the flange tf = 0.012 m
αLT for welded section αLT = 0.49
cl-509.2.2-IRC 24-2010
fcr,b = 786 Mpa
Permissible bending compressive stress IRC24-2010/ Table-10B = 240 Mpa

Permissible bending tensile stress = 373 Mpa
Bending compressive stress at top of the girder just after laying concrete at top
= M = 3 Mpa
Zt
Total stress after laying concrete at top = 91 MPa
< 240
Hence OK
Bending Tensile stress at bottom of the girder just after laying concrete at top
= M = 3 Mpa
Zb
Total Stress after laying concrete at top = 91 MPa
< 373
Hence OK
CHECK FOR ULS STRESSES FOR THE COMPOSITE SECTION : -
(i.e. after casting of Deck slab) : -
Moment of Inertia of the Composite Section
Table 9-of IRC:24-2010

effective length of longitundinal girder for bending = kL
k = 1 .0 if compression flange is free at support
= 0.85 if compression flange is free at one support and partially restrained at other
= 0.7 Fully restrained at support
Effective length = 0.85 x 3.125 = 2.66 m
Radius of gyration of longitundinal girder = I = 244 mm

A
Slenderness ratio = kL = 10.9 < 120 Hence OK

r Cl: 508.5 IRC:24-2010
Calculation of stresses due to SIDL

Outer Girder
Stress at top due to dead load = 91 Mpa

Stress at bottom due to dead load = 91 Mpa
Max . Bending Moment due to SIDL = 13 kN-m
Max Bending Moment = 13 KN-m
Calculation of stresses due to Live loads
Outer girder
Max . Bending Moment due to LL = 358 KN-m

Max Bending Moment = 358 KN-m
Therefore of N.A. from Top Fibre of Deck Slab = 213 mm

2
Area = 19965 mm
4
Izz = 1152718271 mm
Distance of N.A. from top fiber of deck slab

yt = 213 mm, yb = 410 mm
3
Zt = Ixx = 4.06E+07 mm
yt
Zb = Ixx = 2.81E+06 mm3
yb
Stress due to SIDL and live load at top of girder = 9 Mpa

Bending tensile stress at the bottom of the girder at mid section due to SIDL and live load
= M
Zb
= 358 x 1E+06 = 127 Mpa
2.8E+06
Total stresses
(Clause - 506.4.1 of IRC:24-2001)
Permissible bending compressive stress = fy/γ = 240 Mpa
Permissible tensile stress = fy/γ = 373 Mpa
Dead load(Mpa) SIDL(Mpa) Live load(Mpa) Shrinkage (Mpa) Total(mpa)

Outer At Top 91 0 9 11 111 Hence OK
girder At bottom 91 5 127 5 228 Hence OK
Temperature Stresses
Rising Temp. Falling Temp.
(Mpa) (Mpa)
Outer At Top 2.7 0.9
girder At bottom 0.0 2.4
Temp rising combination (Mpa)

Outer At Top 114 Hence Ok
girder At bottom 228 Hence OK
Temp fall combination (Mpa)

Outer At Top 112 Hence Ok
girder At bottom 230 Hence OK
DESIGN OF INTERMEDIATE CROSS GIRDER
Y 1
450 Sectional Int CG - Comp. (For Int CG - Comp. (For

2 Properties
INT CROSS GIRDER
LL) Perm)
Area (in m2) 0.0258 0.0258 0.0258
12
yt (in m) 0.4842 0.4842 0.4842
yb (in m) 0.3158 0.3158 0.3158
12 Ixx (in m4) 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028
Z Z
800
763
Iyy (in m4) 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

rxx (in m) - - -
ý ryy (in m) - - -
3 ZTop (in m3)
25
. 0.0058 0.0058 0.0058
ZInt (in m3) - - -
Y
450 ZBot (in m3) 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088
STATIC CASES
Beam L/C Node Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kNm My kNm Mz kNm
928 1 DEAD LOAD 278 -47 158 -16 0 108 637
297 47 -149 16 0 -69 637
2 CB (SIDL1) 278 -2 -1 -1 0 10 -47
297 2 1 1 0 -6 44
3 WC (SIDL2) 278 -12 44 -3 0 21 -315
297 12 -44 3 0 -14 424
4 WIND DOWNWARD 278 -6 38 14 0 20 -256
297 6 -38 -14 0 -54 351
5 WIND UPWARD 278 15 -38 19 0 -17 255
297 -15 38 -19 0 -31 -351
7 TEMP FALL 278 3 0 0 0 0 0
297 -3 0 0 0 0 0
MAXIMUM LIVE LOAD CASE

Max Fx 976 628
7468 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #7468, (468 of 500) 10 0 24 0 -22 0
Min Fx 941 6884 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 297
#6884, (384 of 500) -64 -4 0 0 17 -1083
Max Fy 909 454(475 of 500)
475 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #475, -4 561 -45 0 60 9
Min Fy 985 7924 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 360
#7924, (424 of 500) -5 -446 -6 0 2 -300
Max Fz 902 5384 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 240
#5384, (384 of 500) -59 303 168 0 -166 2
Min Fz 980 7884 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 354
#7884, (384 of 500) -61 -285 -165 0 -45 -197
Max Mx 911 568(329 of 500)
829 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #829, 0 121 -84 0 98 1
Min Mx 903 241(312 of 500)
812 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #812, 1 115 93 0 -95 1
Max My 912 5468 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 569
#5468, (468 of 500) -56 55 -163 0 174 0
Min My 902 5384 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 240
#5384, (384 of 500) -59 303 168 0 -166 2
Max Mz 985 379(410 of 500)
410 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #410, -5 -302 1 0 1 13
Min Mz 928 297(246 of 500)
246 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD #246, -19 95 -4 0 14 -1752
SLS case (BM) = 548 tm

ULS (Service stage) (BM) = 141 tm
ULS (Service stage) (SF) 25 t
ULS (Cons. stage) = 91 tm
SERVICE STAGE
Max Bending Moment of girder = 1379 kNm

Yield stress of web fy = 390 Mpa

= 0.35 x 390 = 137 MPa

25 25

Case
Conditions NO STIFFENER
Minimum web thickness requirement 10.46 d/tw<=90ε
Case WHEN THE TRANSVERSE STIFFNESS ARE NOT PROVIDED
DESIGN STAGE I

2
fy * D
Area of flange provided = = 9000 mm2

2
> 331 mm Hence OK

250 < 1125

Also, Md ≥ Mz
6129 kNm > 1379 kNm

2). FLANGE -

Top Flange Area -
I)Top Plate-1 450 x 12 = 5400 mm2
2) Top Plate-2 0 x 0 = 0 mm2
II).
2
S Af = 5400 mm
2
> 331 mm Hence OK
2
I)Top Plate-1 406 x 25 = 10150 mm
2
II).
2
S Af = 10150 mm
Ixx = 2.790E+09 mm4

yb = D - yt
= 800 - 484
= 316 mm

5.76E+06
= 149 Mpa
< 345 Mpa
Hence OK
8.83E+06
= 97 Mpa
< 345 Mpa
Hence OK
b1 = 219 mm
b2 = 197 mm
Top flange ratio b1/tf1 = 18.3 SLENDER
Bottom flange ratio b2/tf2 = 7.9 SEMI COMPACT
Condition WEB NEED STIFFNING AND WEB BUCKLING NEED TO BE CHECKED. clause 509.4.2.1
d/tw >67ε √(Kv/5.35)

condition d/tw<=90ε clause 509.6

d=depth of the web
Now, d = 763 mm
3*d = 2289 mm
assume C = 2500 mm
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Calculation for τb
λw = 0.93
Kv = 5.35+4.0/(c/d)^2 = 5.7
τcr,e = 262.3 N/mm2
Now,
For λw ≥ 1.2 τb = fyw/(√3λw2)
τb = 262 N/mm2
Plastic Shear resistance, Vp = Avfyw/ √3 = 1874 kN

Shear Table

f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,
0.25
ff , τf = normal and shear fatigue stress ranges for the actual life cycle, N sc,

= f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 when, 5 x 10
6
<= Nsc <= 1 x 10
8

τf = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa

DESIGN CHECK FOR FATIGUE FOR WELDS

Allowable shear flow (top flange and web) 1308 N/mm > 231 N/mm OK
Allowable shear flow (bottom flange and web) 1308 N/mm > 276 N/mm OK
DESIGN OF END CROSS GIRDER
425 Sectional End CG - Comp. (For End CG - Comp. (For

END CROSS GIRDER
Properties LL) Perm)
Area (in m2) 0.0542 0.0542 0.0542
20
yt (in m) 0.4260 0.4260 0.4260
yb (in m) 0.2250 0.2250 0.2250
16 Ixx (in m4) 0.0045 0.0045 0.0045
1100
1058
Iyy (in m4) 0.0022 0.0022 0.0022

rxx (in m) - - -
ryy (in m) - - -
ZTop (in m3)
22
. 0.0098 0.0098 0.0098

ZInt (in m3) - - -
425 ZBot (in m3) 0.0095 0.0095 0.0095
STATIC CASES
940 1 DEAD LOAD 296 33 3 0 0 20 -542
315 -33 3 0 0 -20 542
2 CB (SIDL1) 296 4 0 0 0 2 -14
315 -4 0 0 0 -2 14
3 WC (SIDL2) 296 6 0 0 0 4 -157
315 -6 0 0 0 -4 157
4 WIND DOWNWARD296 854 -273 -6 0 12 -475
315 -854 273 6 0 2 -208
5 WIND UPWARD 296 846 -273 -6 0 5 -217
315 -846 273 6 0 9 -466
7 TEMP FALL 296 5 0 0 0 0 -27
315 -5 0 0 0 0 27
MAXIMUM LIVE LOAD CASE

Max Fx 991 642#5378, (378 of 500)26
5378 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD -1 63 0 -2 2
Min Fx 901 239#5574, (74 of 500) -30
5574 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 367 -63 -50 51 557
Max Fy 901 239#5388, (388 of 500)-24
5388 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 422 -12 0 10 620
Min Fy 979 353#7888, (388 of 500)-9
7888 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD -389 9 0 2 336
Max Fz 991 642#7879, (379 of 500)10
7879 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 1 92 0 3 -9
Min Fz 913 570#5379, (379 of 500)26
5379 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD -1 -100 0 75 -13
Max Mx 966 334#7724, (224 of 500)-6
7724 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD -207 0 64 3 -317
Min Mx 914 258#6224, (224 of 500)-13
6224 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 206 0 -64 3 200
Max My 913 570#5379, (379 of 500)26
5379 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD -1 -100 0 75 -13
Min My 979 372#5435, (435 of 500) 6
5435 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 6 -93 0 -65 -63
Max Mz 901 239#5388, (388 of 500)-24
5388 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 422 -12 0 10 620
Min Mz 940 315#7384, (384 of 500)-16
7384 LOAD GENERATION, LOAD 9 0 -1 5 -954
SLS case (BM) = 281 tm

ULS (Service stage) (BM) = 679 tm
ULS (Service stage) (SF) 153 t
ULS (Cons. stage) = 116 tm
SERVICE STAGE
Max Bending Moment of girder of composite section = 6657 kNm

Yield stress of web fy = 390 Mpa

= 0.35 x 390 = 137 MPa

25 25

Assume Spacing of Stiffener = C = 1500 mm
Case
Conditions NO STIFFENER
Minimum web thickness requirement 10.39 d/tw<=90ε
Case
DESIGN STAGE I

2
fy * D
2
Area of flange provided = = 9000 mm
2
> 700 mm Hence OK

1506 < 2607

Also, Md ≥ M z
3705 kNm < 6657 kNm
NOT SAFE TO CARRY APPLIED MOMENT

2). FLANGE -

Top Flange Area -
2
I)Top Plate-1 450 x 20 = 9000 mm
2
II).
2
S Af = 9000 mm
2
> 700 mm Hence OK

2
I)Top Plate-1 150 x 22 = 3300 mm
2
II).
2
S Af = 3300 mm
4
Ixx = 4.470E+09 mm
yb = D - yt
= 1100 - 875
= 225 mm

9.75E+06
= 75 Mpa
< 345 Mpa
Hence OK
9.50E+06
= 77 Mpa
< 345 Mpa
Hence OK
b1 = 211 mm
b2 = 61 mm
Top flange ratio b1/tf1 = 10.6 SEMI COMPACT
Bottom flange ratio b2/tf2 = 2.8 PLASTIC
Condition NO WEB STIFFNING AND WEB BUCKLING CHECK REQUIRED. clause 509.4.2.1
d/tw > 67ε

condition d/tw<=90ε clause 509.6

d=depth of the web
Now, d = 758 mm
3*d = 2274 mm
assume C = 1500 mm
CHECK FOR SHEAR

Calculation for τb
λw = 0.37
Kv = 5.35+4.0/(c/d)^2 = 6.4
τcr,e = 1610.8 N/mm2
Now,
τb = 225 N/mm2
Plastic Shear resistance, Vp = Avfyw/ √3 = 4345 kN

Shear Table

f =< 27/γmft = 20 MPa
where,

6 1/3 6
6 1/5 6 8
6 1/5
τf = τ fn (5 x 10 / N sc )

.`. f f = f fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/3 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/3) = 125 MPa
.`. τ f = τ fn (5 x 10 6 / N sc ) 1/5 =92×(5×10^6/2.00E+06)^(1/5) = 111 MPa


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Truss Design

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Design of Simply supported Steel Through

Truss Bridge of 1x100.00m

Effective width of deck slab on girders (for load distribution)

Live Loads are considered from Table 6A of IRC:6-2017

CASE-1: 2 Lanes -Class A

CASE-3: CLASS 70R(W)

Total Length of Bridge (c/c expansion gap) 101.95 m

CASE-I: WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE WITHOUT LIVE LOAD

Hourly mean wind pressure (Pz) 1039.589 N/m2

A. TRANSVERSE WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE (FT)

Gust Factor (G) 2

I) Wind Load For Windward Truss :

Member Length Depth No. Area FT FT FL

Horizontal Vertical Horizontal Moment

WEB L 1 756 20 15120

TOP FLANGE L 1 150 12 12 1800 12

0.0142 0.000249018 0.001225858

S.N TYPE MEMBERS INPUT DIAGRAM

A*yo (in A*yo2 (in Ixx + A*yo2(in Iyy + A*xo2(in

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 227 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 287 mm

TOP CHORD (U2-U8) MID

Width of member at Top, Btop = 670 mm

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 229 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 272 mm

Width of member at Top, Btop = 670 mm

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 213 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 289 mm

BOTTOM CHORD (L2-L4 & L8-L10)MID

Width of member at Top, Btop = 670 mm

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 203 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 284 mm

Thus, distance of NA, X = 335 mm

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 229 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 263 mm

Width of member at Top, Btop = 670 mm

Thus, distance of NA, X = 360 mm

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 218 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 293 mm

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 403 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 403 mm

END CROSS GIRDER - Composite for transient loading (For LL)

END CROSS GIRDER - Composite for perm loading (For SIDL)

Z3 : (At Bottom Fibre) = 1.21E+07 mm3

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 446 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 140 mm

INT. CROSS GIRDER - Composite for transient loading (For LL)

INT. CROSS GIRDER - Composite for perm loading (For SIDL)

Z3 : (At Bottom Fibre) = 9.03E+06 mm3

STRINGER - Steel Only

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 189 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 238 mm

STRINGER - Composite for transient loading (For LL)

STRINGER - Composite for perm loading (For SIDL)

Z3 : (At Bottom Fibre) 978732938/366.83 = 2.67E+06 mm3

xo = Cg @ yo = Cg @ A*yo (in A*yo2 (in Ixx + A*yo2(in Iyy + A*xo2(in

Thus, distance of NA, X = 0 mm

Plastic Properties along X-X axis

Area of compression Area of tension

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 232 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 232 mm

Plastic Properties along Y-Y axis

Area of compression Area of tension

Plastic Properties along X-X axis

Y1 = ∑AiYi = 169.48 mm Y2 = ∑AiYi = 163.78 mm

Plastic Properties along Y-Y axis

Area of compression Area of tension

X1 = ∑AiXi = 292.68 mm X2 = ∑AiXi = 292.68 mm

Ayo (in Ayo2 (in Ixx + Ayo2(in Iyy + Axo2(in

xo = Cg @ yo = Cg @ Ayo (in Ayo2 (in Ixx + Ayo2(in Iyy + Axo2(in