DESIGN OF SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS

Design
 Computation of dimension, reinforcements, etc. Analysis
based on estimated load to be resisted by the  Computing for load/moment capacity of a beam,
structure. (Example tinatanong total depth, column, etc.
beam width, number of steel bars, that means it  Determining if the structure is safe or not.
is a design problem)

1. Working Stress Design (take note: di na ginagamit sa RCD, sa steel design nalang (ALLOWABLE STRESS
DESIGN))

2. Ultimate Strength Design (or Strength Design)

KAPAG DI NASATISFY,
IBIG SABIHIN DI SAFE

PANO MAG-DESIGN NG ISANG BEAM?

BEAM PROPORTIONS

o Unless architectural or other requirements dictate the proportions of reinforced concrete beams, the most
economical beam sections are usually obtained for shorter beams (up to 6 m or 7.5 m in length), when the
ratio d/b is in the range 1.5 to 2 (ECONOMICAL).

o For longer spans, better economy is usually obtained if deep, narrow sections are used. The depths may be
as large as three or four times the widths.

o (SI Units) The overall beam dimensions are selected to whole 10-mm. This is done for simplicity
in constructing forms or for the rental of forms, which are usually available in 10mm increments (ang size
ay by 10s, (250, etc.)). Furthermore, beam widths are often selected in multiples of 50 mm.

o (English Units) The overall beam dimensions are selected to whole inches. This is done for simplicity in
constructing forms or for the rental of forms, which are usually available in 1-in or 2-in increments (ang size
ay by 10s, (250, etc.)). Furthermore, beam widths are often selected in multiples of 2 in. or 3 in.

DEFLECTIONS

o NSCP Section 409.3.1 and ACI Section 9.3.1 provide minimum thickness of beam for which deflection
calculations are not required.
o The purpose of such limitations is to prevent deflections of such magnitudes as would interfere with the use
of or cause injury to the structure.
o If deflections are computed for members of lesser thicknesses than those listed in the table and are found
to be satisfactory, it is not necessary to abide by the thickness rules.
 Regarding the first bullet above…

NSCP 2015 (SI Units)

Imumultiply sa table if di 420 MPa ang fy

Para di na iconsider ang deflection, the depth of beam should be

higher than values in table Pag di normal weight concrete

Yung malaking value sa

dalawa ang imumultiply
If mas mababa
dito ang h mo,
kelngan
icompute ang
deflection

ACI 318-14

Same as NSCP
 ESTIMATED BEAM WEIGHT
o The weight of the beam to be selected must be included in the calculation of the bending moment to be
resisted, because the beam must support itself as well as the external loads. (kapag nagdedesign ng beam
isasama sa dead load yung weight ng beam itself. **kapag nagdedesign ka kasi wala ka pang dimensions
usually non. Kapag wala ka pang dimensions, di pa mae-estimate ng ayos ang beam weight; magiging
iterative ang pagdedesign)
o (SI Units) Concrete weighs approximately 23.5 kN/m3 (if the weight of the steel is included)
o (English Units) Concrete weighs approximately 150 pcf (if the weight of the steel is included)

SELECTION OF BARS
o (SI Units) For usual situations, bar sizes 36-mm and smaller are practical.
o (English Units) For usual situations, bar sizes #11 and smaller are practical.
o It is usually convenient to use bars of one size only in a beam, although occasionally two sizes will be used.
o Bars for compression steel and stirrups are usually a different size, however. Otherwise the ironworkers may
become confused.

CONCRETE COVER
o The reinforcing steel for concrete members must be protected from the surrounding environment; that is,
fire and corrosion protection need to be provided. (kasi yung steelbars ay nangangalawang kaya need ng
protection) To do this, the reinforcing steel is located at certain minimum distances from the surface of the
concrete so that a protective layer of concrete, called cover, is provided.
 The cover improves the bond between the concrete and steel.
 Concrete cover is measured to the outer edge of stirrups, ties, or spirals if transverse
reinforcement encloses main bars; to the outermost layer of bars if more than one layer is used
without stirrups or ties.
For example, eto yung design… Itong naka-yellow ang concrete cover

Yung nakabilog na red ang

measurement ng cover
Size of concrete cover
NSCP 2015 ACI 318-14
 MINIMUM STIRRUP DIAMETER, ds

NSTP 2015 Ang transverse reinforcement ACI 318-14

sa beam ay stirrups

Choose between (a) and (b)

Choose between (a) and (b)

NOTE!!

Longitudinal/Main  Sa singly-reinforced beam, ang reinforcement ay nasa ilalim

Reinforcement lang (yung may bilog). Pero required pag nagconstruct ka na,
need mo maglagay ng hanger sa taas. Yung hanger yung
Inside longitudinal bars
Outside longitudinal bars
kakapitan ng stirrups, and required sya kahit singly pa yung
design mo.
 Pero pag doubly reinforced rectangular beam, meron nang mga
bars sa taas, so no need to add hanger kasi yun na maga-act
as hangers
Dito makikita, since 32-mm yung bars,
10mm ang ginamit na stirrups

MINIMUM EDGE DISTANCE

o is the minimum horizontal distance from the center of the outside longitudinal bars to the edge of the
concrete.
Minimum Edge Distance = Clear Cover + Stirrup Diameter + Inside Radius

Inside Radius
 Based on the assumption that each outside longitudinal bar is
centered over the horizontal point of tangency of the stirrup corner
bend.
 When the longitudinal bars are 43 mm (#14) or smaller, there will
be a gap between the bars and the stirrups. For #18 bars, the half-
bar diameter is larger than 2ds
 The minimum inside radius of the 90° stirrup bent around the
outside longitudinal bars is two times the stirrup diameter (2ds)