Acid-Base review

• Bronsted-Lowrey Definitions (transfer of protons)

- Acid – any species that can donate proton (H+ ion)…a proton donor
- Base – any species that can accept a proton (H+ ion)…a proton acceptor

Figure 1. Example of equation with transfer of protons Figure 2. Conjugate acids and conjugate base

• Chemical structure dictates the strength of the

acid. The larger Ka, the stronger the acid,
more product, more H+
• 𝐾𝑎 → 𝑝𝐾𝑎
• 𝑝𝑘𝑎 = − log 𝐾𝑎
Example: pKa of Formic acid = -log 1.78x10-4
• The higher the Ka the stronger the acid, the
lower the pKa, the stronger the acid

❖ Practice

Which of the two is a stronger acid?

- Acetic acid (HAc), Ka is 1.8 x 105 or Benzoic acid (BA), Ka= 6.25 x 10-5

What are their pKa values?

- It is expected that pKaHac > pKaBA, BA is stronger than HAc

• Water is amphoteric (can act as an acid or base)

Example:
• Self-ionization of water
- If we have a liter of pure water at 25 degrees Celsius, some of the H2O molecules act as an acid while some
act as a base, thus a transfer of proton from one water molecule to another
+ −
- 𝐻2 𝑂(𝑙) ↔ 𝐻3 𝑂(𝑎𝑞) + 𝑂𝐻(𝑎𝑞) or H2O(l) + H2O ↔ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq)
- The concentration of H+ ions and OH- ions is extremely small because the equilibrium lies very much on the
left-hand side.
- Keq [H20] = [H+][OH-]
= [1.0X10-7] [1.0X10-7]
= 1.0X10-14 -> KW or the ion product constant for water at 25 degrees Celsius
- If the concentration of H+ increases, the concentration of OH- decreases such that the value 1.0X10-7
remains the same.

• The pH scale
- pH = -log[H+]
Example: [H+] = 1.0X10-7
PH = -log 1.0X10-7
=7
- Most biological reactions take place between pH 6.5 and 8.0; this is the physiological pH range
- An increase in H+ leads to a decrease in pH, an increase in OH- leads to an increase in pH
- Physiological pH: 7.35 – 7.45
 - gikapoy nakog type ug equation hahaha sorry guys
- If acid ag given concentration ditso na ug -log
- If basic ag given concentration same anang NaOH, gamiton tong [H+][OH-] = 1.0X10-14 para ma derive ag
[H+]. If makuha na ag [H+] then -log na.
- If given ag pH then [H+] gipangayo then antilog(pH) lang daw

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