Heat and Mass Transfer Lab (UME 606 L)

Date:
11. Heat exchangers
AIM: To find the overall heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness for
parallel and counter
flow heat exchanger.
THEORY:
A heat exchanger is any device used for affecting the process of heat exchange between two
fluids that are at different temperatures. Heat exchangers are useful in many engineering
processes like refrigeration and air conditioning systems, power systems, food processing
systems, chemical reactor and aeronautical applications. A heat exchanger in which two
tluids exchange heat by
coming in to direct contact is called a direct contact heat exchanger
Examples of this type are open feed water heaters, desuperheaters and jet condensers.
Recuperators are heat exchangers in which the fluids are separated by a wall. The wall may
be a simple plane wall or tube rr a
complex configuration involving fîns, baffles and multiple
passes of tubes. These are also known as surface heat exchangers and commonly used
because they can be constructed with large heat transfer surfaces in a relatively small volume
and suitable for heating, cooling, evaporating or condensing applications. A periodic tlow
type of heat exchanger is called a regenerator. In this type of heat exchanger, the same space
is alternately occupied by the hot and cold fluids between which heat is exchanged.
Regenerators find their application in pre heaters for steam power plants. blast furnaces.
Oxygen producers etc. The heal exchange process in heat exchangers can be described by the
principles of conduction, convection, radiation and evaporation or condensation. A parallel
flow heat exchanger is one in which both hot and cold fluids move in the same direction. A
counter flow heat exchanger is one in which both hot and cold fluids move in the opposite
direction.
PROCEDURE:
1. Plug the mains cord.
2. Switch on the geyser.
3. Set the valve openings for the required flow, that is either parallel or counter flow.
4. Note down the inlet and outlet temperatures of hot and cold water.
5. Note down the time required to collect the known quantity of hot and cold water
6. Calcuiate the heat loss by the hot water.
7. Calculate the heat gained by the cold water.
8. Calculate the overall heat transfer co-efficient and effectiveness or parallel and counter
flow arrangement.

OBSERVATIONS:

. Length ofthe heat exchanger L =

2. Inner diameter of the heat exchanger =

Di =
m

Outer diameter of the heat exchanger = Do=

3. m

4. Surface area of the heat exchanger =

As =
tDiL =
m
 Heat and Mass Transfer Lab (UME 606

TABULAR COLUMN:
SI
Type of flow Hot water Cold water Hot waler Cold water
No collected
temperature temperature collected
(C) (C) (L/s) (L/s)
Th Tho To Tco Liters Time Liters Time

Parallel
(h) (Th) (T)
2 CounterT

RESULTSS

SI Mass flow Mass Heat loss Heat

N rate of hot
Average Overall heat Effectivenes
flow rate by hot gained by heat transfer
water uf cold
(E)
watcr cold water transfer co-efficient
(ma, kg/s) water (Qh. W) (Q.W)(Qave, W) (h. W/m°C)
(mc, kg/s)

SPECIMEN CALCULATIONS:

I. Parallel flow arrangement

1. Mass flow rate of hot water m ghx 10 x p kg/s
Th

Where PhDensity of hot water at bulk mean temperature, Tbh (from data hand book)

Th-Tlo C

. Mass flow rate of cold water m, gx 0 x p kg/s

Te

Where PeDensity ofcold water at bulk mean temperature, The

TeTlo
=
C
2
 Heat and Mass Transfer Lab (UME 606 L)

3. Heat lost by the hot water = On = mhx Cph ( Th Tho)= W

Cph Specific heat of hot water at Tbh

4. Heat gained by the cold water = Q« = me x Cpe ( Teo - Tei)= w

Cpe Specific heat of cold water at The

5. Average heat transfer =

Qave Qh tQ W
2

6. Overall heat transfer co-efficient =U= Qave W/m°Cc

AsATm

Where ATm Logarithmic mean temperature difference in °C (from data hand book)

7. Effectiveness =
e =
1-eN
+C

Where N =
NTU =

UA,
C.min

C =Cmn
Cna

mh X Cph
Jkg see (a)
meX Cpe J k g- sec (b)

Cmin and Cmax from (a) and (b)

 Transfer Lab (UME
606 L)
Heat and Mass

I1. Counter flow arrangement

hot ghX 10 xph

Kg/s
of water =

1. Mass flow rate mh=

Th

temperature, Tbh (from data hand book)

Density of hot water at bulk
mean
Where Ph

OC
TehI 2

2. Mass flow rate of cold water = me = g XIO X Pe

Tc

temperature, Tbe (from data hand book)

Where PeDensity of cold water at bulk mean

O
T L

3. Ileat lost by the hot water = Qh=m, x Cph (Th - Tho)= W

Cph Specific heat of hot water at Tbh

4. Heat gained by the cold water= Q.= me x Cpe ( Teo Tei)= W

Cpe = Specific heat of cold water at Tb

5. Average heat transfer =

Qave Q tQ W
2

6. Overall heat transfer co-efficient = U= Qvs W/mC

A,AT
Where ATm = Logarithmic mean temperature difference in °C (from data hand book)
 Heat and Mass Transfer Lab (UME 606 L)

7. Effectiveness =E = 1 -eN(1:C)
i -CeNTC)

Where N = NTU = UA

Cmin

C Cmin
max

J/kg-sec ( a)
mhx Cph
J /kg - sec (b)
me X Cpe =

Cmin and Cmax from (a) and (b)