UNIT-III

Project Report- Contents &

Reasons for Failure of a
Project
 Project Report-Meaning
What Is Project Report?
❑ The project report is a document that contains all information
regarding the proposed project. It is served as a blueprint of all
operations to be undertaken for attaining the desired results. The
project report is basically the business plan of action and clearly
describes its goals and objectives. It is one that helps in converting
the business idea into a productive venture without any chaos or
confusion as it defines strategies for project execution.

❑ Information from various aspects like technical, financial, economic,

production and managerial are together constituted in project report
for better understanding. It describes all inputs required for the
accomplishment of a project so that they can be arranged
accordingly at the right time.
 Project Report-Meaning
❑The project report is an essential tool available
with management for proper monitoring of
operations and helps them in recognizing any
problems. Managers through project reports
are able to estimate all costs of operations and
possible profitability of the proposed project.
 Contents of a Project Report
1. Title
❑ The title page of the report denotes the title of a project and
the author’s name. It mentions the name and detail of
industry for which the project is undertaken. This page must
clearly define the area and scope of project.
2.Abstract
❑ Abstract is a brief summary giving details about the
contents of a project report. It provides an idea to reader
regarding what is project report about. Anyone who does
not know anything about report simply by reading its
abstract can make out whether it is of their interest or not.
Abstract is generally half a page long.
 Contents of a Project Report
3.Acknowledgements
❑ This section of report denotes the individuals who
assisted you during your project work. It is meant for
thanking the people who provided you technical or any
other type of assistance such as your supervisor.
4.Contents Page
❑ Content page tells about the main chapter and sub
sections included in the report. Chapters with proper
titles are mentioned along with the page numbers
telling where the particular chapter/section begins and
ends. It should be ensured that only sufficient levels of
subheadings are provided under each chapter.
 Contents of a Project Report
5.Introduction
❑ It is the most crucial element of the project report. The introduction tells
about the nature and scope of the report to the reader. This part summarizes
what the author set out to attain, gives a clear description regarding the
background of the project, main contributions, and relevance. The
introduction shall summarize the key things in the report and provide the
sections containing the technical material.
6.Background
❑ Background component sets the project report into context and describes
the layout for attaining project goals. For meeting out the proposed goals
different approaches should be evaluated for choosing the efficient one.
However, this part of report can be included as a part of introduction also
but it is ideal to present it as a separate chapter in case if project involve
extensive amount of research and ground work. All pieces of work which
are listed should be provided with proper sources from where they are
referred.
 Contents of a Project Report
7.Body Of Report
❑ This is the central part of project report which contains
three to four chapters which describes all technical
work undertaken for the completion of project. The
chapter’s structure dependent upon project which
reflects the development of project in chronological
order. It should be justified why a particular approach is
chosen above other alternatives mentioned in
background component. Every interesting features and
problems during the implementation should be properly
documented. All contents relating to testing and
integration should be thoroughly discussed with the
supervisor.
 Contents of a Project Report
8.Conclusions And Future Work
❑ It denotes the achievements made as a result of completing the project. This part of
report concludes the success and failures of a project. It also provides suggestions
for future work of project for taking it further. No project is completely perfect and
each of it come with certain limitations.
9.Bibliography
❑ Bibliography tells about the books, articles, journals, manuals etc. which are used
while doing the project or referred in the report. Full and accurate information
regarding sources used such as title, author name, issue and page number should be
mentioned for readers. Providing the source of information helps readers in
validating the facts of report.
10.Appendix
❑ This part comprises of information that is peripheral to main body of report. Things
included here are such as program listings, graphs, proofs, tables or any
❑ other thing that would break up the theme of text if it appeared in situ. All material
should be bind in a single volume and compressed as much as possible.
 Reasons for Project Failure
What’s a failed project?
❑In a nutshell, a failed project is the one whose
results don’t meet its objectives or doesn’t
deliver what was planned on time and on
budget.
❑The causes of failure are many, so it’s
important to be careful to avoid causing even
more.
 Reasons for Project Failure
11 reasons for project failure
1. Poor planning
❑ Although sometimes overlooked in importance, lack of planning can make a project
fail.
❑ Having a successful project depends on properly defining in detail the scope, the
time frame, and each member’s role. This way, you’ll have a route laid out to
follow.
2. Inconsistently defined resources
❑ Let’s be clear: planning shouldn’t be limited to agendas, meetings, and
responsibilities. It should also include human, intellectual, financial, or structural
resources. If these are not consistently determined, deadlines can’t be met, which
can jeopardize the project’s conclusion.
3. Unclear objectives
❑ Project objectives should be clearly defined, so as time goes by, you’ll know if
you’re doing what’s right or not. Remember that choosing measurable goals helps
you better visualize your progress and helps you see how close you are to achieving
your results.
 Reasons for Project Failure
4. Lack of detail control
❑ Monitoring is essential for successful projects, even knowing the details of many
projects simultaneously can be very challenging.
❑ As a result, it’s important to know how your project is going, if it is on schedule
and if the budget is under control. This way, if there are any divergences from the
initial plan, you can still correct them.
5. Lack of transparency
❑ It’s essential that everyone involved in the projects have complete project
visibility so that it doesn’t fail – not only the project manager, but other team
members too.
❑ This includes clear communication, good document management, and transparency
about tasks’ status, all of which can be achieved with centralized, all-digital files.
6. Lack of communication
❑ Communication is the key to good project management. Without the right tools and
processes to allow interaction among team members and the project manager from
the beginning, efficient communication can seldom be achieved.
 Reasons for Project Failure
7. Change of direction
❑ Among the ways projects fail, a very common one is scope creep. This
concept refers to changes requested when the project has already started
which had not been planned before. This is very common when projects are
not appropriately documented and defined beforehand.
8. Unrealistic expectations
❑ When you want to do something fast, with a limited budget, and a reduced
team, it can really make your project fail. You should be realistic when it
comes to your teams’ capabilities, deadlines, and the resources available –
only then can you obtain the results you want.
9. Lack of monitoring
❑ Providing a schedule to the team is not enough for a project to be
successful. You should also make sure everything goes as planned. This
means having frequent progress checks or meetings, as well as making
adaptations, when necessary, is essential.
 Reasons for Project Failure
10. Unrealistic due dates
❑ Planning complex tasks for short due dates is definitely
one of the causes for project failure. It is vitally
important to carefully consider how long each project
phase will take, in addition to extra time for
unexpected events. This is the only way to develop a
quality project.
11. Poorly assigned roles
❑ When each team member receives their responsibilities
clearly, they will know what, when, and how to perform
their activities without someone needing to constantly
ask for it.
 How can you avoid these problems?
1.Make a concrete plan and establish clear goals
❑ Establishing clear, objective, and realistic goals is essential to avoid
project failure. You can use methods like SMART goals to create them.
❑ Saying, for example, “I want to sell more” is not an objective goal. A more
concrete goal would be: “I want to increase sales by 15% next quarter.”
This is an objective that follows all the previously mentioned requirements
while being something achievable.
❑ Once goals are laid out, you should create a consistent plan, since this will
increase the likelihood the project succeeds and will help you save time and
money during its development.
❑ It’s also important to conduct smart risk management. In this manner, you
should identify what the risks are and the possibility they will occur. You
also need to create preventive measures to keep these errors from
occurring, and mitigation measures in case they do. Moreover, it’s also
necessary to control and assess the obtained results continuously.
 How can you avoid these problems?
2.Determine resources and keep the project objectives
❑ Making a budget for the project that accounts for all its
stages is vital to avoid getting stuck in the middle of the
road. What’s more, you should include all types of
resources that you will need for its completion.
❑ Once all resources are defined, you should focus on
planning and making no changes that could jeopardize
the results you initially expected for the project.
❑ You should be aware that, if there are any needed changes,
you will need another round of planning, with new
resources and deadlines, which can completely change your
initial structure.
 How can you avoid these problems?
3.Use technology to help you
❑ When you use the project management technology available, you
can considerably increase quality and obtain better results,
because it makes your job faster, it helps with planning and
implementation, and aids team monitoring and integration.
❑ When you automate, it’s important that you analyze your business’s
needs and resources on hand, since choosing the wrong program can
harm productivity and service quality.
❑ A BPM solution can also help, since aside from process
management, it also creates more organized workflows, which
simplify oversight and, in turn, project management.
❑ An ECM (Enterprise Content Management) solution also helps
project management. This tool will help you track project assets,
generated content, changes made, and more.
 THANK YOU

STUDY WELL
AND
REVISE

GOD BLESS YOU