Recombinant DNA Technology
- Involves various lab techniques or
using enzymes.
- Advancement of genetic technique.
- The discovery of the structure of
DNA molecule and how it functions
in organisms have found application
in food production and medicine.
- Manipulating of DNA molecules has
allowed scientists to produce human
hormones and vaccines and to create
new strains of plants that are high-
yielding and resistant to pests.
- It is used by combining different
fragments of DNA para makapag-
produce ng different species or
genes.
- It is the advancement of genetic
technique because it is currently
used in agriculture, pharmaceuticals,
food industry and medical sciences.
- DNA and RNA was discovered by
Crick & Watson.
Recombinant DNA
- Parang product or resulting copies
ng recombinant DNA technology.
- Ito ang na-create na genes na
nanggaling sa Recombinant DNA
technology.
Enzymes
- Is a biological catalyst that contains
proteins wherein it speeds up the
rate of a specific chemical reaction of
the cell.
- Are very important in terms of
digestion.
- It is useful in the breakdown of
molecules since cinoconvert niya ang
mga complex molecules into smaller
molecules like glucose and sugar.
- Ang glucose na present sa enzyme ay
ginagamit ng ating katawan para
mas mabilis na ma-digest or ito
‘yong ginagamit na fuel for DNA
replication. Every cell contains DNA.
- Ang enzyme na present sa RDNA ay
chemical reaction.
Biotechnology
- defined as “the method by which a
living organism or its part are used
to change or incorporate a particular
character to another living
organism”.
- is the use of living things on their
products to produce food, medicine,
and other products.
Modern Biotechnology
- is the new “application” of
biotechnology.
Genetic Recombination
- is the exchange of information
between two DNA segments.
Recombinant DNA Technology
- is when a gene of one species is
transferred to another living
organism.
- An organism whose genetic
information has been altered using
these techniques is known as a
genetically modified
organisms (GMO).
Genetic Engineering
- Produces foreign genes into a gene
of a specific organism for
enhancement and improvement.
USA
- Unang nakapag-produce ng GMO.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Corn
- Is a naturally occuring bacterium in
the soil that produces proteins that
 are not toxic to humans, specifically
active against insects.
- Iniiwasan ng mga insects kaya hindi
nasisira mga pananim.
- Year 2018, ang USA, nagtanim sila
ng 94 % soybeans and ito rin ‘yong
percentage na hinarvest nila.
- Canola - 95%
- Sugar beads - almost 99.9% of sugar
beads rin ang na-harvest.
HISTORY OF RECOMBINANT DNA
TECHNOLOGY
Recombinant DNA Technology
- is one of the recent advances in
biotechnology, which was developed
by two scientists named Boyer and
Cohen in 1973.
- Recombinant DNA technology
allows scientists to move genes
between unrelated organisms. For
example, bacteria which have been
inserted with the genes for human
insulin.
- By using special bacteria
enzymes known as restriction
enzymes molecular biologists can
cut any DNA molecule into pieces
and transfer specific pieces or DNA
sequences into a microorganism.
Plasmids
- Many kinds of bacteria also contain
small circles of DNA called plasmids.
Restriction Enzymes
- Recombinant DNA technology uses
restriction enzymes to cut the DNA
from cells of two different organisms
at specific sites called restriction
sites.
- For example, a part of the human
chromosome into a bacterial
plasmid. The bacterium which
contains this recombinant plasmid is
then grown in culture to produce
more of its kind.
SOME PRODUCTS OF MODERN
BIOTECHNOLOGY:
- New varieties of crops that are
resistant to pests or diseases.
- Fruits and vegetables that stay
unripe longer.
- Crops capable of producing
increased yields.
- Crops that have enhanced
nutritional value.
- Livestock that produce more young.
ENZYMES USED IN RDNA
TECHNOLOGY:
DNA Ligase
- bind to DNA molecules.
Type II Restriction Endonuclease
- Cleaves DNA at specific sites Type.
Reverse Transcriptase
- Make a DNA copy of an RNA
molecule.
DNA Polymerase I
- Fill single stranded gapes of DNA.
Polynucleotide Kinase
- Adds a phosphate to the end of a
polynucleotide.
Terminal Transferase
- Adds homopolymer tails.
Exonuclease III
- Removes nucleotide residues from
the 3 ends.
Bacteriophage { lamda } exonuclease
- removes nucleotides from the 5'
ends.

Alkaline phosphatase
- Removes terminal phosphates.

APPLICATIONS OF RDNA
TECHNOLOGY

1. Agriculture
- growing crops of your choice,
pesticide resistant crops, fruits with
attractive colors, all being grown in
artificial conditions.

2. Pharmacology
- artificial insulin production, drug
delivery to target sites.
- Branch of medicine concerned with
the uses and effects of actions of
drugs.

3. Medicine
- gene therapy, antiviral therapy,
vaccination, synthesizing clotting
factors

4. Other Uses
- fluorescent fishes, glowing plants
etc.

Genetic Modification
- There are several ways scientists can
control the ripening process of fruits
and vegetables.

Ethylene
- The amount of ethylene produced
can control the switching or ‘yong
mabilis na pagsira ng fruits or
vegetables.