Earth and Life Science: Group 4 Manuscript

QUILINGAN, CEMBERG E.
ESPLANA, JHAMAYCA
DAIGDIGAN, ERICA JOY

GENETIC ENGINEERING - Is the process of changing the DNA (Deoxyribonucleic

Acid) in living organism to create something new.
RECOMBINANT TECHNOLOGY - Is the technique of combining two DNA
sequences from different sources.
 One goal of this technique is cloning or producing a particular gene for
analysis or mass production of a medically useful protein product.
 This technique uses a plasmid usually from bacteria as vector or delivery
vehicle of the desired trait.
 A plasmid is a small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule.
 When a bacterium divides, all the plasmids contained within the cell are
copied such that each daughter cell receives a copy of each plasmid.

PROCESS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING

 Locating an organism with a specific trait and extracting its DNA.
 Cloning a gene that controls the trait.
 Designing a gene to express in a specific way.
 Transformation, inserting the gene into the cells of a crop plant.
 Cross the transgene into an elite background.

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO) - Are organisms or microorganisms

whose genetic material have been altered to contain a segment of DNA from
another organism.
ADVANTAGES OF GMO
● Genetic engineering has a wide application in engineering and in
agriculture.
 ● Because of genetic engineering, plants become resistant to pests, weeds,
and that crops are grown with more nutritional values.
● Pest resistant plants- scientist were able to develop pest- resistance crops
by introducing bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to plants.
● Growing crops in different seasons and conditions can be done. Plants that
do not grow in warm weather can be modified to fit the different types of
weather.
DISADVANTAGES OF GMOS
● GMO crops increase pesticides used.
● GMO crops have created superweed.
● GMO have toxic or allergenic effects on laboratory animals based on
studies.
● GMO is not precise technology that will continue to deliver unpleasant
surprises.
Ang genetic engineering ay ang proseso ng pagmamanipula ng DNA ng isang
organismo upang baguhin ang mga katangian o katangian nito. Magagawa ito sa
maraming paraan, gaya ng pagpasok ng gene mula sa isang species patungo sa isa
pang species, o sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggal o pag-disable ng ilang partikular
na gene. Ginagamit ang genetic engineering sa iba't ibang larangan, kabilang ang
medisina, agrikultura, at pananaliksik. Ito ay may potensyal na lutasin ang
maraming problema at mapabuti ang buhay ng mga tao, ngunit ito rin ay
naglalabas ng mga alalahanin sa etika.
Madalas itong ginagawa gamit ang genetic engineering techniques, gaya ng
pagputol at pag-splice ng DNA mula sa iba't ibang source at pagpasok nito sa isang
host organism. Ang nagresultang organismo, na naglalaman ng bagong genetic na
materyal, ay tinatawag na recombinant organism.
ang ibig sabihin niya ay ang genetic makeup ng organismo ay nabago sa paraang
hindi natural na nangyayari. Ang layunin ng genetically modifying ng isang
organismo ay madalas na magpakilala ng isang bagong katangian o katangian na
maaaring maging kapaki-pakinabang, tulad ng pinahusay na ani ng pananim o
paglaban sa mga peste. Gayunpaman, ang paggamit ng mga GMO ay isang
kontrobersyal na paksa, na may ilang mga tao na nagpapahayag ng mga
alalahanin tungkol sa kanilang mga potensyal na epekto sa kapaligiran at
kalusugan ng tao.