×+5

Mathematica-7

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

1 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Integers
×+5
E xercise-1. 1 − 23 + 42 − 28 − 11
(f)
= − 23 − 28 − 11 + 42
×+5
= − 62 + 42
1. (a) | 17 − 25 | = | − 8 | = 8 = − 20
(b) − | 18 − 5 | = − | 13 | = − 13 4. (a) The additive inverse of – 42 is 42.
(c) | 4 | − | − 18 | = 4 − 18 = − 14 (b) 36 + ( – 36) = 0
(d) | − 15 | + | 32 | − | − 10 | (c) – 53 + 53 = 0
= 15 + 32 − 10 = 47 − 10 = 37 (d) – 48 – (– 48) = 0
(e) 5 + | − 5 | − | − 4 | (e) The negative of 185 is – 185.
= 5 + 5− 4 (f) The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is 0.
= 10 − 4 = 6 (g) The sum of an integer an the additive identity is
(f) | − 18 | + | 55 | − | − 15 | integer.
= 18 + 55 − 15 (h) (– 68) + (– 76) = – 76 + (– 68)
= 73 − 15 (i) [(– 13) + 27] + (– 83) = (– 13) + [27 + (– 83)]
= 58
(j) (– 72) + (0) = – 72
2. (a) ( − 7) + ( − 23)
5. − 709 − {( − 5020) + 2320}
= − 7 − 23
= − 30 = − 709 − { − 2700}
(b) ( − 32) + 47 = − 709 + 2700
= 1991
= − 32 + 47
6. {1136 + ( − 1272)} − {( − 1250) + 1138}
= 15
(c) 53 + ( − 26) = (1136 − 1272) − ( − 1250 + 1138)
= 53 − 26 = 27 = − 136 − ( − 112)
(d) ( − 48) + ( − 36) = − 136 + 112 = − 24
= − 48 − 36 7. { 233 + ( − 147)} + ( − 284 )
= − 84 = ( 233 − 147) + 284
(e) ( − 28) + ( − 2) + 30 = 86 + 284 = 370
= − 28 − 2 + 30 8. 36 − ( − 64 ) , ( − 64 ) − 36
= − 30 + 30 36 + 64 , – 100
=0 100 , – 100
(f) 2458 + ( − 2456) No they are not equal
= 2458 − 2456 9. ( a + b ) + c , a + (b + c )
=2
( − 8 + − 7) + 6 , − 8 + ( − 7 + 6)
3. (a) − 24 − ( − 32)
− 15 + 6 , − 8 + ( − 1)
= − 24 + 32
−9 = –9
=8
Yes, ( a + b ) + c = a + (b + c )
(b) − 108 − 40 = − 148
10. a − b , b−a
(c) ( − 65) − ( − 32)
= − 65 + 32 − 9 − ( − 6) , − 6 − ( − 9)
= − 33 − 9+ 6
(d) − 27 − ( − 23) −3 ≠ 3
= − 27 + 23 ∴ a−b ≠ b−a
=−4
(e) − 17 − 18 − ( − 35)
= − 17 − 18 + 35
E xercise-1. 2
= − 35 + 35
=0 1. (a) 3 × ( − 14 ) = − 42

Mathematica-7 1
 (b) ( − 6) × (18) = − 108 5. (a) If we multiply 8 negative integer and 1 positive
(c) ( − 8) × ( − 42) = + 336 integer we get positive integer.
(d) 21 × ( − 6) × ( − 2) = 21 × 12 = 252 (b) If we multiply 21 negative inteers and 3 positive
(e) ( − 1008) × ( − 2) × ( − 5) integer we get negative integer.
= − 1008 × 10 = − 10080 (c) ( − 1) × 15 times = − 1
(f) ( − 2) × ( − 4 ) × ( − 6) × ( − 8)
(d) ( − 1) × ( − 1) ..... 72 times = 1
= 8 × 48 = 384
(g) ( − 5) × ( − 8) × ( − 3) 6. 40 − ( 5 × 10) = 40 − 50 = − 10
= 40 × − 3 = − 120 ∴ After 10 hours room temperature will be – 10°C.
(h) ( − 6) × 6 × ( − 10) = − 36 × − 10 = 360 7. (a) ` 3000 × 8 − ` 5000 × 5
(i) 7 × ( − 8) × 3 = − 56 × 3 = − 168
= ` 24000 − ` 25000
2. (a) 3 × ( − 6) × 9 × ( − 12)
= ` − 1000
= − 18 × − 108 = 1944 loss of ` 1000
(b) ( − 25) × ( − 15) × 4 (b) Let number of packs of pencils be x
= 375 × 4 ∴ 8 × x − 5 × 6400 = 0
= 1500
8x − 32000 = 0
(c) 18 × ( − 27) × ( − 30)
32000
= 18 × 810 = 14580 x=
8
(d) ( − 13) × ( − 23) × ( − 6)
x = 4000
= ( − 13) × 138 = − 1794
(e) ( − 7) × ( − 2) × 3 × ( − 4 ) ∴ 4000 packs of pencils must be sold
= 14 × − 12 = − 168
(f) ( − 2) × ( − 4 ) × ( − 6) × ( − 8)
= 8 × 48 = 384
E xercise-1. 3
(g) ( − 5) × ( − 10) × ( − 15) × ( − 20) 1. (a) 251 × 38 + 250 × 2
= 50 × 300 = 15000
(h) ( − 3) × ( − 6) × ( − 9) × ( − 12) = 251 × ( 38 + 2)
= 18 × 108 = 251 × 40
= 1944 = 10040
(i) 10 × ( − 9) × ( − 8) × 7 (b) ( − 464 ) × 56 + ( − 464 ) × 4
= − 90 × − 56 = − 464 ( 56 + 4 )
= 5040 = − 464 × 60
3. (a) – 1 when multiplied by itself for 24 times gives 1. = − 27840
(b) The product of six negative integer and three (c) ( − 62) × 82 + ( − 62) × ( − 2)
positive integer will be a positive integer. = ( − 62) [ 82 − 2]
(c) 13 negative integers × 13 positive integer is a = − 62 × 80
negative integer. = − 4960
(d) (– 10) × (– 200) × (− 3000) × 5 (d) 1526 × 337 × ( − 526) × 337
= 2000 × − 15000 = − 30,000,000 = 337 × (1526 − 526)
(e) − 1 × ( − 32) = 32 = 337 × 100
(f) 65 × (– 1) = – 65 = 33700
4. (e) 725 × 78 − 725 × 8
X –5 –3 –1 0 1 3 5 = 725 × ( 78 − 8)
= 725 × 70
–5 25 15 5 0 –5 – 15 – 25 = 50750
–3 15 9 3 0 –3 –9 – 15 (f) 2584 × ( − 886) − 584 × ( − 886)
= − 886 × ( 2584 − 584 )
–1 5 3 1 0 –1 –3 –5 = − 886 × 2000
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = − 1172000
(g) − 45 × 20 + ( − 45) × 12 + ( − 45) × ( − 2)
1 –5 –3 –1 0 1 3 5 = − 45 × [( 20 + 12 + ( − 2) ]
3 – 15 –9 –3 0 3 9 15 = − 45 × ( 20 + 10)
= − 45 × 30
5 – 25 – 15 –5 0 5 15 125 = − 1350

2 Mathematica-7
 (h) 265 × 99 + 265 3. (a) − 4 × – 65 = 260 (b) – 261 × 12 = − 3132
= 265 × ( 99 + 1) (c) 142 ÷ ( − 1) = − 142 (d) 251÷ – 1 = ( − 251)
= 265 × 100
= 26500 (e) − 89 ÷ – 89 = 1 (f) 72 ÷ – 72 = ( − 1)
2. (a) − 842 × 102 (g) 0 ÷ 19 = 0 (h) ( − 35) ÷ – 1 = 35
= − 842 × (100 + 2) (i) ( − 7) × 8 = ( − 56) (j) – 3 × 15 = ( − 45)
= − 842 × 100 − 842 × 2
4. (a) 25 ÷ [( − 8) + 3]
= − 84200 − 1684
= − 45884 = 25 ÷ ( − 5) = − 5
(b) − 61 × 105 (b) 56 ÷ [( − 2) × 4]
= − 61 × (100 + 5) = 56 ÷ − 8 = − 7
= − 61 × 100 − 61 × 5 (c) ( − 100) ÷ [( − 5) × ( − 2) × ( − 1)]
= − 6100 − 305 = − 100 ÷ [10 × − 1]
= − 6405 = − 100 ÷ − 10
(c) 48 × 98 = − 10
= 48 × (100 − 2) (d) [ 36 ÷ ( − 12)] ÷ ( − 3)
= 48 × 100 − 48 × 2 = − 3 ÷ ( − 3)
= 4800 − 96 =1
= 4704 (e) [ − 48 ÷ 4] ÷ ( − 2)
(d) 525 × 99 = − 12 ÷ − 2
= 525 × (100 − 1) =6
= 525 × 100 − 525 × 1 (f) [( − 25) ÷ ( − 1)] ÷ [( 25 ÷ ( − 1)]
= 52500 − 525 = 25 ÷ ( − 25)
= 51975 = −1
(e) 24 × 103
= 24 × (100 + 3)
= 24 × 100 + 24 × 3
M C Q
= 2400 + 72 1. 0 is the greatest integer among – 5, – 15, 1, 0
= 2472 2. 0 is identity element for addition.
(f) 86 × (100 − 3) 3. 100 − [ 38 + ( − 49)]
= 86 × 100 − 86 × 3
= 100 − [ 38 − 49]
= 8600 − 258
= 8342 = 100 − [ − 11]
3. (a) 25 (b) – 52 (c) 108 (d) 0 = 100 + 11
4. (a) True (b) False (c) True (d) True = 111
(e) True (f) False 4. Let other integer be x
x + ( − 25) = 48
E xercise-1. 4 x = 48 + 25
x = 73
1. (a) 150 ÷ ( − 1) = − 150 (b) ( − 800) ÷ ( − 40) = 20 5. 4 − ( − 9) = 4 + 9 = 13
(c) ( − 81) ÷ 3 = − 27 (d) ( − 64 ) ÷ ( − 4 ) = 16 ∴ 4 exceed (– 9) by 13
(e) 2000 ÷ ( − 10) = − 200 (f) 0 ÷ ( − 8) = 0 6. 0 is greatest among – 100, 0, – 1, – 10
(g) 125 ÷ ( − 125) = − 1 (h) ( − 99) ÷ ( − 9) = 11 7. | − 3 | = 3
(i) ( − 222) ÷ ( − 1) = 222 (j) 222 ÷ ( − 1) = − 222 8. ( − 2) − x = − 6
(k) ( − 105) ÷ ( − 21) = 5 (l) ( − 63) ÷ 63 = − 1
− x = − 6+ 2
2. (a) ( − 136) ÷ 17 = − 8 (b) 1333 ÷ ( − 11) = − 121 −x = − 4
(c) ( − 54 ) ÷ ( − 2) = 27 (d) ( − 44 ) ÷ 4 = − 112 x=4
(e) 250 ÷ − 5 = − 50 (f) ( − 1728) ÷ 24 = − 72
(g) ( − 729) ÷ 9 = − 81 (h) ( − 81) ÷ ( −3) = 27
(i) ( − 900) ÷ 25 = − 36

Mathematica-7 3
 ×+5

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

2 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Fractions
1
×+5 1
(f) 5 + 3

E xercise-2. 1
7 9
=
36 28
+
×+5
7 9
36 × 9 + 28 × 7
3 28 − 3 25 4 =
1. (a) 4 − = = =3 63
7 7 7 7
324 + 196
3 1 =
(b) 3 + 5 63
4 2 520
15 11 =
= + 63
4 2 16
15 × 1 + 11 × 2 =8
= 63
4 8 3 5
15 + 22 (g) + +
= 9 2 6
4 8 × 6 + 3 × 27 + 5 × 9
37 =
= 54
4 48 + 81 + 45
1 =
=9 54
4 174
5 =
(c) 9+ 54
11 12
9 × 11 + 5 × 1 =3
= 54
11 2
99 + 5 =3
= 9
11 1 1 1 1
104 2. (a) , , ,
= 2 6 3 10
11 15, 5, 10, 3
5
=9 30
11 1 1 1 1
1 5 ∴ Ascending order is < < <
(d) 8 − 2 10 6 3 2
3 8 5 7 8 11
25 21 (b) Ascending order is < < <
= − 9 9 9 9
3 8 2 3 1 5
25 × 8 − 21 × 3 (c) , , ,
= 3 4 2 6
24 2 × 4, 3 × 3, 1 × 6, 5 × 2 8, 9, 6, 10
200 − 63 ⇒
= 12 12
24 1 2 3 5
137 Ascending order < < <
= 2 3 4 6
24
17 7 3 8 19
=5 (d) , , ,
24 10 5 15 30
13 16 7 × 3, 3 × 6, 8 × 2, 19 × 1
(e) − =
4 5 30
13 × 5 − 16 × 4 21, 18, 16, 19
= =
20 30
65 − 64 8 3 19 7
= ∴ Ascending order is < < <
20 15 5 30 10
1
=
20

4 Mathematica-7
 3. (a) Five equivalent fraction of 41
x=
8 8× 2 8× 3 8× 4 8× 5 8× 6 7
= = = = =
13 13 × 2 13 × 3 13 × 4 13 × 5 13 × 6 6
∴ x= 5
8 16 24 32 40 48 7
= = = = = 2
13 26 39 52 65 78 7. Let x should be subtracted from 12
(b) Five equivalent fraction of 3
9 9× 2 9× 3 9× 4 9× 5 9× 6 3 1
= = = = = 12 − x = 7
17 17 × 2 17 × 3 17 × 4 17 × 5 13 × 6 5 5
3 1
9 18 27 36 45 54 ∴ 12 − 7 = x
= = = = = 5 5
17 34 51 68 85 102
63 36
(c) Five equivalent fraction of − =x
5 5× 2 5× 3 5× 4 5× 5 5× 6 5 5
= = = = = 63 − 36
11 11 × 2 11 × 3 11 × 4 11 × 5 11 × 6 =x
5
5 10 15 20 25 30 27
= = = = = =x
11 22 33 44 55 66 5
4. (a) Magic square 2
∴ x=5
5
5 5 6 8. Perimeter of Rectangle = 2 ( l + b )
2
 1 1
= 2  15 + 12  cm
1 1 7  3 2
5 4
2 2 2  46 25 
= 2 +
13  3 2 
3 4
2  46 × 2 + 25 × 3 
= 
 6 
 92 + 75 
(b) = 2 
 6 
16 3 8 13
 167 
7 7 7 7 = 2 
 63 
11 10 11 8 167
= cm
7 7 7 7 3
2
9 12 12 ∴ Perimeter of rectangle = 55 cm
1 3
7 7 7 9. Perimeter of square = 4 × side
2
4 15 2 1 = 4 × 17
9
7 7 155
=4×
5. Yes given is a magic square because sum of all rows and 9
57 620 8
column and diagonals is . = = 68
43 9 9
3 7
1 10. or
6. Let x should be added to 8 5 9
7
27 or 35 7 3
1 ⇒ ⇒ >
∴ 8 + x = 14 45 9 5
7
1 ∴ aditi solved great part
x = 14 − 8 2
7 11. Her brother ate = 1 − part
57 7
= 14 − 7− 2 5
7 = = part
14 × 7 − 57 7 7
x= 5 2
7 Q >
98 − 57 7 7
=
7 5 2 3
Her brothers ate more part by − =
7 7 7

Mathematica-7 5
 12. Let two numbers be x and y given 9 1
∴ of a week = 4 days
3 3 14 2
x+ y= or x= − y 2 2
2 2 (f) of a minute = × 6012 seconds
1 7 1 1 5 1 13 1 4 5 5
(a) 1, (b) , (c) , (d) , (e) ,
2 6 3 4 4 5 10 6 3 = 2 × 12 seconds
2
∴ of a minute = 24 seconds
E xercise-2. 2 5.
5
1
(a) 4 × 8 = 4 ×
65 65
= = 32
1
8 8 2 2
8 32 2 2 26 1 2
1. (a) ×4= = 10 (b) 13 × = =5 2 37 111 6
3 3 3 5 5 5 (b) 3 × 5 = 3 × = = 15
5 7 7 7 7
3 21 1 3 20 × 3 4 22
(c) × 7= =4 (d) 20 × = = 15 (c) 9 × 2 = 9 × = 22
5 5 5 4 4 9 9
1 1 24 1
2. (a) of 48 = × 48 = 24 6. (a) 2 × = (ii)
2 2 3
1 1 18
(b) of 36 = × 36 = 18
2 2
1 1 51
(c) of 102 = × 102 = 51 1
2 2 (b) 3 × = (iii)
1 1 2
(d) of 998 = × 998499 = 499
2 2
4 4
3. (a) of 35 = × 357 = 4 × 7 = 28
5 5
1
4 4 (c) 2 × = (i)
(b) of 60 = × 6012 = 4 × 12 = 48 5
5 5
4 4
(c) of 105 = × 10521 = 4 × 21 = 84
5 5
4 4 1
(d) of 1500 = × 1500500 = 4 × 500 = 2000 (d) 3 × = (iv)
5 5 4
1 1
4. (a) of an hour = of 60 minutes
4 4
1 15 1 2
= × 60 minutes 7. (a) (b)
4 4 5
1
∴ of an hour = 15 minutes
4
3 3
(b) of a year = × 126 months
2 2
= 3 × 6 months
3
∴ of a year = 18 months
2 1
(c)
5 5 2
(c) of a day = × 24 hours
6 6
= 5 × 4 hours = 20 hours
5
∴ of a day = 20 hours
6
3 3 25
(d) of a rupee = × 100 paise = 3 × 25 paise
4 4
3
∴ of a Rupee = 75 paise
4 1 1
9 9 8. (a) (i) Drama club = of 50 = × 50 = 10 students
(e) of a week = × 7 days 5 5
14 14 1 1
2 (ii) Debating society = of 50 = × 50 = 5 students
9 10 10
= days
2 (b) Students in mathematics or science club

6 Mathematica-7
 50 − (10 + 5) = 50 − 15 = 35 2 1
(f) ×5
35 7 5 4
∴ fraction of mathematics/science club = =
50 10 2 21 2 × 1 21 1
4 = × = = =2
9. Preet read of 550 pages 5 4 5 × 4 10 10
5 2
4 2 9
× 550110 = 440 pages (g) 6 ×
5 3 5
4
 1  20 9 20 × 93
10. Distance travelled in 6 hours =  70 × 6 km = × = = 4 × 3 = 12
 3 
3 5 3× 5
211 1
= × 6 km 4 3
3 (h) 3 ×
= 211 × 2 km 7 5
5
Distance travelled in 6 hours = 422 km 25 3 25 × 3 5 × 3 15 1
4 = × = = = =2
11. Expenses = of ` 20000 7 5 7× 5 7 7 7
5 1
 4 4000  11 144
= `  × 2000 (i) ×
5  12 110
11 × 14412 12 6 1
= 4 × 4000 = = = =1
= ` 16000 12 × 11010 10 5 5
∴ saving = ` ( 20000 − 16000) 1 1
(j) 19 × 1
= ` 4000 2 4
12. Area of rectangle = l × b 39 5 39 × 5 195 3
= × = = = 24
2 2 4 2× 4 8 8
= 30 × 25 1 3
7 2. (a) of
212 4 4
= × 25 1 3
7 = ×
5300 1 4 4
= = 757 m 2 3
7 7 =
16

E xercise-2. 3 (b)
1 16
4
of
7
4
3 2 1 16 4
1. (a) ×5 = × =
4 3 4 7 7
1 20
3 17 17 1 (c) of
= × = =4 4 3
4 3 4 4 5
8 27 1 20 5 2
(b) × = × = =1
9 4 4 3 3 3
2
8 × 273 2 9
= = 2× 3= 6 3. (a) of
9× 4 3 4
(c)
13 3
× 2 93 3 1
= × = =1
6 26 3 42 2 2
13 × 3 1× 1 1 2 6
= = = (b) of
6 × 26 2× 2 4 3 5
2 6 2 2
4 12 2 6 4
(d) × = × =
5 7 3 5 5
4 × 12 48 13 2 3
= = =1 (c) of
5 × 7 35 35 3 10
25 25 1
(e) × 2 3 1
3 3 = × =
3 10 5
625 4 5
= = 69
9 9

Mathematica-7 7
 1 3 1 4 59 177
4. (a) of or of = 3× = m
3 4 2 5 8 8
2 1 1 177 177
1 3 1 4 of perimeter of ∆ = × = m
× or × 2 2 8 2× 8
3 4 2 5
1 2 1
or = 11 m
4 5 16
1 × 5 or 2 × 4 3
9. Neeru's share = of ` 2500
20 5
5, 8 3 500
= ` × 2500
20 5
1 3 1 4 = 3 × 500
∴ of < of
3 4 2 5 = ` 1500
6 49 7 48 ∴ Zara's share = ` ( 2500 − 1500)
(b) of or of = ` 1000
7 5 8 5
6 1 1
10. Distance travelled in 3 litres petrol = 25 × 3 km
6 49 7 48 5 5
× or ×
7 5 8 5 5 16
6× 7 7× 6 = 25 × km
or 5
5 5 = 80 km
42 42 5
or 11. Leena taken 1 × 7 hours to read the book
5 5 7
6 49 7 48 5 12
∴ of = of =1 × 7= × 7 = 12
7 5 8 5 7 7
5. Area of park = l × b " " 12 hours to read the book
1 1 2 10
= 15 × 13 cm 2 12. girls = × 50 = 2 × 10
3 2 5
46 27 2 = 20
= × cm
3 2 ∴ No. of boys = 50 − 20 = 30
23 9
46 × 27 2 23 × 9 2
=
3× 2
cm =
2
1
cm
E xercise-2. 4
∴ Area of park = 207 cm
1 1 1 4
6. Cost of 3 kg of tomatoes = ` 19 × 3 1. (a) 16 ÷
2 4 2 5
77 7 5
=` × = 4 16 × = 4 × 5 = 20
4 2 4
539 5
=` (b) 14 ÷
8 6
= ` 67. 375 6 84 4
= 14 × = = 16
7. Area of square = (side ) 2 5 5 5
3
2 (c) 21 ÷
 3 7
=  13  m 2
 4 7 7
= 7 21 × = 7 × = 49
3 3 3 1
= 13 × 13
4 4
55 55 8
= × (d) 4 ÷
4 4 3
3025 3 3 1
= =4× = =1
16 8 2 2
1 2
= 189 m 2 1
16 (e) 4 ÷ 2
8. Perimeter of equilatral triangle = 3 × side 5
3 11 5 20 9
= 3× 7 =4÷ =4× = =1
8 5 11 11 11

8 Mathematica-7
 4 1 4
(f) 12 ÷ 5 (f) 8 ÷
9 3 37
49 9 108 10 25 4 25 37 925 1
= 12 ÷ = 12 × = =2 = ÷ = × = = 77
9 49 49 49 3 37 3 4 12 2
4 3 5
2. (a) ÷5 (g) 4 ÷ 2
9 8 6
4 1 4 35 17
= × = = ÷
9 5 45 8 6
2 3
(b) ÷8 35 6 35 × 6
15 = × =
2 1 1 1 8 17 8 × 17
= × = = 4
15 8 15 × 4 60 105 105 37
4 = = =1
1 4 × 17 68 68
(c) 3 ÷ 4
2 4. Let other number be x
7 7 1 7 1 91
= ÷ 4= × = ∴ x×4 =
2 2 4 8 3 6
3 91 1
(d) 5 ÷ 14 x= ÷4
7 6 3
19 91 13
38 38 1 19 = ÷
= ÷ 14 = × = 6 3
7 7 14 49 7
7 91 3 7 1
2 = × = ⇒ x= 3
(e) ÷5 6 13 2 2
3 2
2 1 2 5 1
= × = 5. 5 × x = 3
3 5 15 6 3
8 1 5
(f) ÷6 ∴ x=3 ÷5
19 3 6
4 10 35
= ÷
8 1 4 3 6
= × =
19 6 27 2
3 10 6 2
= ×
2 1 3 35 7
3. (a) ÷
3 6 2× 2
2
=
7
2 6 4
= × = 2× 2= 4 x=
3 1 7
3 3 4
(b) ÷ ∴ Number is
8 4 7
3 4 1 1
= × = 6. Cost of 1kg apples = ` 600 ÷ 7
8 3 2 2
2
15
1 3 = ` 600 ÷
(c) 2 ÷ 2
3 5 2
7 3 7 5 35 8 = ` 600 ×
= ÷ = × = =3 15
3 5 3 3 9 9 = ` 40 × 2
1 1 ∴ Cost of 1kg apples = ` 80
(d) 5 ÷ 6
2 5 1
7. Length of each piece = 8 ÷ 5 m
11 31 11 5 55 3
= ÷ = × =
2 5 2 31 62 25
= ÷ 5m
4 8 3
(e) ÷
7 9 25 1
= × m
1 3 5
4 9 9 5
= × = = m
7 8 14 3
2
2
No. of each piece = 1 m
3
Mathematica-7 9
 5 7
8. No. of students = 250 ÷ x=−
2 6
2 36 7 6
= 250 × ∴ should be multiply by to get − .
5 35 6 5
= 50 × 2 4 −5 3× − 8
5. Reciprocal of − × =
∴ No. of students = 100 students 3 −8 −4×−5
24 6
=− =−
M C Q 6. like decimal are 16.3 and 7.3
20 5

6  5  6 5 6 + 5 12 5 7. 111.1 + 11.11+ 1.111 = 1 1 1 . 1

1. − −  = + = = =1 11.11
7  7 7 7 7 7 7
+ 1.111
2. Product of rational number and zero is zero
123.321
7 3
3. Reciprocal of − = − 8. 9.5 × 0.01 = 0.095
3 7
9. Product of 0.2 × 0.02 × 0.002
36 6 6 36
4. ×x=− ⇒ x=− ÷ = 0.004 × 0.002
35 5 5 35 Vector Factor = 0.000008Inverse Algebra
6 35

×+5
x=− × 2 2
5 36  1  2 1
10. Reciprocal of   ×4=  ×
7  2  1 4
6 × 35 7
=− ⇒ x=− 1
5 × 36 6 =4× =1
6 4

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

3 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Rational Numbers
×+5
− 5 − 5× − 7 35
E xercise-3. 1 (c)
8
= =
8 × − 7 − 56
− 5 − 5 × 12 − 60
×+5
(d) = =
1 8 8 × 12 96
1. (a) (rational number)
7 2 − 2× 2 − 4 2 − 2× 3 − 6
5. (a) − = = (b) − = =
(b) − 3 (rational number) 7 7× 2 14 7 7× 3 21
(c) 8 (rational number) − 2 − 2 × 5 − 10 − 2 − 2× − 8 16
5 (c) = = (d) = =
(d) (not a rational number) 7 7× 5 35 7 7 × − 8 − 56
0
2× −1 − 2 6× −1 − 6
−8 6. (a) = (b) =
(e) (not a rational number) − 31 × − 1 + 31 − 23 × − 1 23
0
− 5× −1 5 8× −1 − 8
2 4 7 (c) = (d) =
2. − , and − have same denominator. − 22 × − 1 22 − 13 × − 1 13
11 11 11
3 −3 −5 −8 − 5 − 5÷ 5 −1 8 8÷ 4 2
3. Positive rational numbers , , 16, , 7. (a) = = (b) = =
10 − 4 − 21 − 11 15 15 ÷ 5 3 12 12 ÷ 4 3
2 12 8 14 11 − 11 − 1 − 16 ÷ − 8 2
Negative rational numbers − 6, − , , , − , (c) × = (d) =
7 − 23 − 19 15 − 66 − 11 6 − 24 ÷ − 8 3
8 27 +5 5× 2 5× 3 5× 4
,− 8. (a) = = =
− 36 45 − 6 − 6× 2 − 6× 3 − 6× 4
− 5 − 5× − 2 10 5 10 15 20
4. (a) = = = = =
8 8 × − 2 − 16 − 6 − 12 − 18 − 24
− 5 − 5 × 5 − 25 − 3 − 3× 2 − 3× 3 − 3× 4
(b) = = (b) = = =
8 8× 5 40 5 5× 2 5× 3 5× 4

10 Mathematica-7
 −3 6 9 12 15 10
=− =− =− ∴ =
5 10 15 20 21 14
2 − 1 × 3 − 1 ×4 3 1
(c) − 1= −1× = = (c) ,
2 3 4 18 6
2 3 4 ⇒ 3 × 6, 18 × 1
−1 = − = − = − ⇒ 18, 18
2 3 4
− 12 − 12 × 2 − 12 × 3 − 12 × 4 3 1
(d) = = = ∴ =
14 14 × 2 14 × 3 14 × 4 18 6
8 5
12 24 36 48 (d) ,
− =− =− =− 24 16
14 28 42 56
−4 − 4× 2 − 4× 3 −4× 4 ⇒ 8 × 16, 15 × 24
(e) = = = ⇒ 128, 120
9× 2 9× 2 9× 3 9× 4 8 5
4 8 12 16 ∴ >
− =− =− =− 24 16
9 18 27 36 11. (a) True (b) False (c) True (e) True (f) False
3 p
9. (a) =
5 15
3 × 15 = 5 × p
E xercise-3. 2
3 × 15
= p 6 − 75
5 1. (a) ,
9= p − 8 100
20 p −6 − 75
(b) = ⇒ ,
45 9 8 100
20 × 9 = 45 × p ⇒ − 6 × 100 , − 75 × 8
4
20 × 9 ⇒ − 600 , − 600
=p 6 − 25
45 Yes, =
9 −8 10
4= p − 16 32
28 4 (b) ,
(c) = 32 62
26 p − 16 × 32 , 32 × 32
28 × p = 4 × 56 16 32
2 ∴ − ≠
4 × 56 32 62
p= − 2 − 13
28 (c) ,
6 17
p=8
3 24 ⇒ − 2 × 17, − 13 × 6
(d) = ⇒ − 34, − 78
4 p
−2 − 13
3 × p = 24 × 4 ∴ ≠
8 6 17
24 × 4 12 − 20
p= (d) ,
3 21 − 35
p = 8× 4 12 20
p = 32 ⇒ ,
21 35
9 5
10. (a) , ⇒ 12 × 35 , 20 × 21
8 −6 ⇒ 420 , 420
9 −5 12 − 20
⇒ , Yes, =
8 6 21 − 35
⇒ 9 × 6, − 5 × 8 5 −5
2. (a) ,
⇒ 54, − 40 6 8
9 5
∴ > ⇒ 5× 8 , − 5× 6
8 −6 ⇒ 40 , − 30
15 10 5 5
(b) , ∴ > −
21 14 6 8
⇒ 15 × 14, 21 × 10 −5 −3
(b) ,
⇒ 210, 210 7 7

Mathematica-7 11
 ⇒ − 5× 7 , − 3× 7 −7 −8
(b) ,
⇒ − 35 , − 3× 7 8 9
5 3
⇒ − < − ⇒ − 7× 9 , − 8× 8
7 7 ⇒ − 63 , – 64
− 5 11 7 −8
(c) , ∴ − >
12 − 18 8 9
−5 − 11 − 11 12
⇒ , (c) ,
12 18 − 12 13
⇒ − 5 × 8 , − 11 × 12 11 12
⇒ − 90 , – 132 ⇒ ,
12 13
−5 11
∴ > ⇒ 11 × 13 , 12 × 2
12 − 18 143 , 144
−3 −5 11 12
(d) , ∴ − <
13 − 17 12 13
−3 5 − 4 12
⇒ , (d) ,
13 17 9 − 27
⇒ − 3 × 17 , 5 × 13 −4 − 12
⇒ ,
⇒ – 51 , 65 9 27
3 −5 ⇒ − 4 × 27 , −12 × 9
∴ − <
12 − 11 − 108 , – 108
2 −4 −4 12
3. (a) , ∴ =
3 3 9 − 27
2 −4 −3 3 5 −2
⇒ > 5. (a) , , ,
3 3 10 17 − 11 5
−5 3 −3 3 −5 −2
(b) , ⇒ , , ,
−2 2 10 17 11 5
5 3 5 3 − 3 × 17 × 11, 3 × 10 × 11, − 5 × 10 × 17,
, ⇒ >
2 2 2 2 − 2 × 2 × 17 × 11
−3 3 10 × 17 × 11
(c) ,
5 −8 − 561, 330, − 850, − 748
−3 −3 10 × 17 × 11
⇒ ,
5 8 ∴ Ascending order
⇒ − 3× 8 , − 3× 5 5 −2 −3 3
< < <
⇒ − 24 , − 15 − 11 5 10 17
−3 3 7 −1 2 5
∴ < (b) , , ,
5 −8 9 11 − 7 − 12
−1 −2 7 1 2 5
(d) , , − , − , −
3 − 21 9 11 7 12
−1 2 7 × 11 × 7 × 4, − 1 × 7 × 36, − 2 × 11 × 36,
⇒ ,
3 21 − 5 × 3 × 11 × 7
⇒ − 1 × 21 , 2 × 3 11 × 7 × 36
⇒ − 21 , 6
−1 −2 2156, − 252, − 792, − 1115
∴ < 11 × 7 × 36
3 − 21
3 − 16 ∴ Ascending order
4. (a) ,
7 13 1 2 5 7
− < < <
3 − 16 11 − 7 − 12 9
⇒ >
7 13 6 −7 5 11
6. (a) , , ,
3 19 3 − 12 − 18
Q +ve and
7 6 − 7 − 5 − 11
16 , , ,
− is negative. 19 3 12 18
13

12 Mathematica-7
 6 × 36, − 7 × 19 × 12, − 5 × 19 × 3, 13 7
=  + 
− 11 × 19 × 2 2  5 10 
19 × 36 1  6 + 7
=  
216, − 1596, − 285, − 418 2  10 
19 × 36 13
=
∴ descending order 20
6 5 11 −7 IIIrd Rational Ratio numbers
> > > 1  7 4
19 − 12 − 18 3 =  + 
3 −6 3 5 2  10 5 
(b) , , ,
− 16 13 7 19 1  7 + 8
=  
3 6 3 5 2  10 
− , − , , 15
16 13 7 19 =
− 3 × 13 × 7 × 19, − 6 × 16 × 7 × 19, 3 × 16 × 3 × 19, 20
5 × 16 × 13 × 7 3 13 7 15 4
∴
5 20 10 20 5
16 × 13 × 7 × 19
1  3 13 
− 5187, − 12768, 11856, 7280 IVth Rational number =  + 
2  5 20 
16 × 13 × 7 × 9
1  12 + 13 
∴ descending order =  
3 5 3 −6 2  20 
> > > 25
7 19 − 16 13 =
−8 5 40
7. (a) 0, (b) , 0 3 4
3 19 ∴ four rational numbers between and are
5 5
8 5 25 13 7 15
∴ 0 > − ∴ > 0 , , , (Answer can vary)
3 19 40 20 10 20
8. (a) (b) 1
10. 1st rational number = (1 + 2)
B –—
3 2
( )
2
A –1
( )
2 3
=
2
-2 -1 0 1 2 3
∴ 1 2
7 2
(c) −
4 IInd rational number
1 3
-–
7 = 1 + 
4 2 2
1  2 + 3
=  
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 2 2 
11 5
(d) =
3 4
IIIrd rational number
11
–
3
13 
=  + 2
22 
1  3 + 4
-1 0 1 2 3 4 =  
2 2 
7
3 4 =
9. , 4
5 5 ∴ three rational numbers between
1 3 4  5 3 7
Ist Rational number =  +  1 and 2 are , ,
2 5 5 4 2 4
1 7 7
= × =

=
2 5 10
3 7 4
E xercise-3. 3
5 10 5
8 11
IInd Rational number 1. (a) +
7 7

Mathematica-7 13
 8 + 11 19 5 − 11 21
= = =2 3. (a) +
7 7 7 19 38
1 5 − 11 × 2 + 21 × 1
(b) + =
17 17 38
1+ 5 6 − 22 + 21
= = =
17 17 38
−2 5 −1
(c) + =
8 8 38
− 2+ 5 3 20 − 19
= = (b) +
8 8 33 44
− 11 7 20 × 4 − 19 × 3
(d) + =
13 − 13 132
− 11 7 − 11 − 7 80 − 57
= − = =
13 13 13 132
− 18 5 23
= = −1 =
13 13 132
9 −7 5 5
2. (a) + (c) − +
4 3 6 8
− 5× 4 + 5× 3
9× 3− 7× 4 =
= 24
12 − 20 + 15
27 − 28 =
= 24
12 −5
1 =
=− 24
12
− 7 − 11
− 7 − 11 (d) +
(b) + 12 18
4 5
− 7 × 3 − 11 × 2
− 7 × 5 − 11 × 4 =
= 36
20
43 7
− 35 − 44 =− = −1
= 36 36
20
79
=− 4. L.HS. =a+b
20
19 1 −3
=−3 = +
20 2 4
3 −2 2 × 1− 3
(c) + =
−8 9 4
−3 2 2− 3
= − =
8 9 4
− 3× 9− 2× 8 1
= =−
72 4
− 27 − 16 R.H.S . =b+a
=
72 −3 1
= +
− 43 4 2
=
72 − 3 + 1× 2
=
4 −9 4
(d) +
7 11 − 3+ 2
=
4 9 4
= − 1
7 11 =−
4 × 11 − 9 × 7 4
= ∴ a+ b = b +a
77
44 − 63 − 19 −4 5
= = 5. (a) L.H.S. = +
77 77 3 8

14 Mathematica-7
 − 4 × 8+ 5× 3 − 5 −1
= = +
24 3 40
− 32 + 15 − 5 × 40 − 1 × 3 − 200 − 3 − 203
= = = =
24 120 120 120
17 ∴ L.H.S. = R.H.S.
=−
24  7 − 1 − 8
5 −4 6. (a) L.H.S. =  + +
R.H.S. = + 3 4 7
8 3
 7 × 4 − 1 × 3 8
3× 5− 4 × 8 = −
=  12  7
24
15 − 32 28 − 3 8
= = −
24 12 7
− 17 25 8
= = −
24 12 7
25 × 7 − 8 × 2
−4 5 5 −4 =
∴ + = + 84
3 8 8 3 175 − 96 79
−7 −5 = =
(b) L.H.S. = + 84 84
9 7 7  − 1 − 8
−7 5 R.H.S. = +  + 
= − 3  4 7
9 7
7  − 1× 7 − 8 × 4
− 7× 7− 5× 9 = + 
= 3  28 
63
− 49 − 45 − 94 7  − 7 − 32 
= = = + 
63 63 3  28 
−5 −7 7  − 39 
R.H.S. = + = + 
7 9 3  28 
−5 7 7 × 28 − 39 × 3
= − =
7 9 84
− 5× 9− 7× 7 196 − 117 79
= = =
63 84 84
− 45 − 49 − 94 ∴ LHS = RHS 2 4, 8, 15, 12
= = 3 − 13 − 11 7
63 63 7. (a) + + +
4 8 15 12 2 2, 4, 15, 6
−7 −5 −5 −7
∴ + = + 3 13 11 7
9 7 7 9 = − − + 2 1, 2, 15, 3
4 8 15 12
−5 3 − 5 3 × 30 − 13 × 15 − 11 × 8 3 1, 1, 15, 3
6. (a) L.H.S. = + +
 3 5 8 + 7 × 10
= 1, 1, 5, 1
 − 5 × 5 + 3 × 3 5 120
= −
 15  8 90 − 195 − 88 + 70
= LCM = 2 × 2 × 2
− 25 + 9 5 120
= − 160 − 283 − 123 × 3× 5
15 8 = =
120 120 = 120
16 5
=− −
15 8 1 −1 1 −1
(b) + + +
− 16 × 8 − 5 × 15 2 3 4 8
= 2 2, 3, 4, 8
120 1 1 1 1
− 128 − 75 203 = − + −
= =− 2 3 4 8 2 1, 3, 2, 4
120 120 1 × 12 − 1 × 8 + 1 × 6 − 1 × 3
= 2 1, 3, 1, 2
− 5  3 − 5 24
R.H.S. = + + 
3 5 8 12 − 8 + 6 − 3 1, 3, 1, 2
=
− 5  3 × 8 − 5 × 5 24
= +  18 − 11 7 LCM = 2 × 2 × 2
3  40  = =
24 24 ×3
− 5 24 − 25
= + = 24
3 40

Mathematica-7 15
 5 − 7 11 − 19 2 6, 12, 18, 24 7 −5
(c) + + + (b) −
6 12 18 24 18 24
5 7 11 19 2 3, 6, 9, 12 7 5
= − + − = +
6 12 18 24 2 3, 3, 9, 6 18 24
5 × 12 − 7 × 6 + 11 × 4 − 19 × 3 7× 4 + 5× 3
= =
72 3 3, 3, 9, 3 72
60 − 42 + 44 − 57 28 + 15
= 1, 1, 3, 1 =
72 72
104 − 99 LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 43
= =
72 × 3× 3 72
5 = 72 − 7 11
= (c) −
72 12 36
1 −1 −1 1 − 7 × 3 − 11 × 1
(d) + + + 5 5, 10, 15, 25 =
5 10 15 25 36
1 1 1 1 5 1, 2, 3, 5 − 21 − 11
= − − + =
5 10 15 25 36
1 × 30 − 1 × 15 − 1 × 10 + 1 × 6 1, 2, 3, 1
= − 32 8
150 =
LCM 36 9
30 − 15 − 10 + 6 = 5× 5× 2×3
= 8
150 =−
36 − 25 9
= 13 20
150 (d) −
11 14 21
=+ 13 × 3 − 20 × 2
50 =
42
39 − 40
E xercise-3. 4 =
−1
42
=
5 11 42
1. (a) −
6 6 − 4 7 − 11
3. (a) + −
5 − 11 − 6 9 3 6
= = = −1
6 6 − 4 7 11
= + +
8 3 9 3 6
(b) −
7 7 − 4 × 2 + 7 × 6 + 11 × 3
8− 3 5 =
= = 18
7 7 − 8 + 42 + 33
9  5 =
(c) − −  18
11  11 − 8 + 75
=
9 5 18
= +
11 11 67 13
= =3
9 + 5 14 3 18 18
= = =1
11 11 11 2 − 4 − 14
(b) + −
− 15  − 9  3 5 15
(d) − 
17  17  2 4 14
= − +
− 15 9 3 5 15
= + 2 × 5 − 4 × 3 + 14 × 1
17 17 =
− 15 + 9 − 6 15
= = 10 − 12 + 14
17 17 =
15
− 6 − 15 24 − 12
2. (a) − =
19 19 15
− 6 15 − 6 + 15 9 12 4 4
= + = = = =
19 19 19 19 15 5 5

16 Mathematica-7
 1 1 1 − 63
(c) − − y=
3 4 5 16
1 × 20 − 1 × 15 − 1 × 12 − 63
= ∴ Other rational number is .
60 16
20 − 15 − 12 10
= 7. x + y =
60 11
20 − 27 −2 10
= + y=
60 9 11
−7
= 10 2
60 y= +
11 9
−5 −7 9 10 × 9 + 2 × 11
(d) + − =
7 9 11 99
−5 7 9 90 + 22
= − − =
7 9 11 99
− 5 × 9 × 11 − 7 × 7 × 11 − 9 × 7 × 9 112 13
= y= =1
7 × 9 × 11 99 99
− 495 − 539 − 567 13
= ∴ Other rational number is 1
693 39
1601 8. Let x should be added
=− − 14
693 − 3+ x =
215 15
=−2
693 − 14
x= +3
7  5 5  7 15
4. − −  −  , − − − 
11  7  7  11 − 14 + 3 × 15
=
−7 5 −5 7 15
+ , + − 14 + 45
11 7 7 11 =
− 7 × 7 + 5 × 11 − 5 × 11 + 7 × 7 15
, 31
77 77 =
− 49 + 55 − 55 + 49 15
, 1
7 77 x=2
15
6 −6
≠ 6  10 − 4 
77 77 9. (a) − + 
7  9 18 
No they are not equal
6  10 4 
5. Let x should be added = − − 
6 9 7  9 18 
− +x= 6 (10 × 2 − 4 × 1)
11 13 = −
9 6 7 18
x= + 6  20 − 4 
13 11 = − 
9 × 11 + 6 × 13 7  18 
= 6 16
143 = −
99 + 78 7 18
= 6 × 18 − 16 × 7
143 =
177 7 × 18
x=
143 108 − 112
=
6. x + y = − 5 126
17 4
− + y=−5 =−
16 126
17 2
y = − 5+ =−
16 63
− 5 × 16 + 17  7 11  5 8 
= (b)  −  −  − 
16  8 10   36 9 
− 80 + 17  7 × 5 − 11 × 4   5 × 1 − 8 × 4 
= =  − 
16  40   36 

Mathematica-7 17
  35 − 44   5 − 32  4 40, 36  − 7 5
=  −  (b) x +  =
 40   36   12  48
9  27  2 10, 9 5 7
=− − −  = +
40  36  3 5, 9 48 12
9 27 5 × 1+ 7 × 4
=− + 5, 3 =
40 36 48
− 9 × 9 + 27 × 10 5 + 28 3311
= LCM = 4 × 2 × 3 = =
360 48 4816
− 81 + 270 × 5× 3
= = 360 11
360 x=
16
189 21
= = 11  − 7  5
360 40 ∴ + =
1 1 1 16  12  48
(c) 4 − 2 − 2 + 1 −2 7
3 4 4 (c) x − =
13 9 5 23 46
= − 2− +
3 4 4 7 2
x= −
13 × 4 − 2 × 12 − 9 × 3 + 5 × 3 46 23
=
12 7 × 1− 2 × 2
=
52 − 24 − 27 + 15 46
=
12 7− 4
=
67 − 51 46
=
12 3
x=
16 4 4 1 46
= = =1 3 −2 7
12 3 3 3 ∴ − =
 1 3 46 23 46
(d) 3 −  2 + 2  11 31
 3 5 (d) − x=−
7 35
 7 13 
= 3−  +  11 31
3 5 + =x
7 35
 7 × 5 + 13 × 3  11 × 5 + 31 × 1
= 3−   =x
 15 
35
 35 + 39  55 + 31
= 3−   =x
 15  35
74 85
= 3− =x
15 35
3 × 15 − 74 16
= 2 =x
15 35
45 − 74 11 16 31
= ∴ −2 =−
15 7 35 35
− 29 14
= = −1

15 5
15 15 E xercise-3. 5
10. (a) + x=
7 28 4 7
5 15 1. (a) ×
x= − 5 9
28 7 4 × 7 28
5 × 1 − 15 × 4 = =
= 5 × 9 45
28 3 6
5 − 60 (b) ×
= 7 11
28 3 × 6 18
= =
− 55 − 55 7 × 11 77
= ⇒ x=
28 28  1 2
(c)  − ×
15 − 55 5  3 5
∴ + =
7 28 28 − 1× 2 − 2
= =
3× 5 15

18 Mathematica-7
 − 3 12  − 14 15   18 − 55 
(d) × 3. (a)  ×  + × 
11 13  5 7  5 9
− 3 × 12 − 36  2 3   2 11 
= =
11 × 13 143  − 14 × 15   18 × − 55 
= +
2  5 × 7   5 × 9 
(e) 8 ×    
−7
= ( − 2 × 3) + ( 2 × − 11)
8 × 2 16 2
= = =−2 = − 6 − 22
−7 −7 7 = − 28
4
(f) ×−7  35 − 3   3 − 32 
11 (b)  ×  − × 
 6 7  8 9
4 × − 7 − 28 6
= = =−2
11 11 11  5   4 
 35 × − 3   3 × − 32 
4 19 =  − 
(g) ×  6 × 7   8 × 93 
− 15 − 11  2   31 
4 × 19 76  5  4 
= = = −  − − 
− 15 × − 1 165  2  3 
−1 2 5 4
(h) × =− +
19 − 5 2 3
− 1× 2 2 − 5 × 3 + 4 × 2 − 15 + 8
= = = =
19 × − 5 85 6 6
4 27 −7 1
2. (a) × = = −1
9 20 6 6
3
 − 5 4   7 − 15   1 4 
4 × 27 3 (c)  ×  + ×  − × 
= =  2 5  5 14   4 5 
9 × 20 5
5  2  3 
 − 3   20   − 5 × 4   7 × − 15   1 × 4 
(b)   ×  =  +  − 
 5   21  2 × 5   5 × 14   4 × 5 
   2 
4
− 3 × 20 − 4  3  1
= = = ( − 2) +  −  −  
5 × 21 7  2  5
7 − 2 × 10 − 3 × 5 − 1 × 2
11  − 24  =
(c) ×  10
6  5  − 20 − 15 − 2 − 37 7
4 = ⇒ =−3
10 10 10
11 × − 24 11 × − 4 − 44 4
= = = =−8  − 27 − 11  11 12   5 − 24 
6× 5 5 5 5 (d)  ×  − ×  + × 
13  − 21  55 9   18 33   12 25 
(d) × 
7  65   3   2   2 
 − 27 × − 11  11 × 12   5 × − 24 
3 =  −  + 
13 × − 21 3  55 × 9   18 × 33   12 × 25 
= =−  5   3 3   5 
7 × 65 5
5  − 3 × − 1  2   − 2 
15 =  −  + 
(e) − 32 ×  5   3 × 3  5 
8
4 3 2 2
= − −
− 32 × 15 5 9 5
= = − 4 × 5 = − 60
8 3 × 9 − 2 × 5− 2 × 9
=
 − 10   72  45
(f)   × 
 9   − 35  27 − 10 − 18 27 − 28
= ⇒
2 8 45 45
− 10 × 72 − 2 × 8 16 2 1
= = = =2 ⇒ −
9 × − 35 −7 7 7 45
7

Mathematica-7 19
 − 5 19
E xercise-3. 6 x= ×
19 5
x= −1
−7 1 5 −5
1. (a) ÷ ∴ ÷ − 1=
11 3 19 19
− 7 3 − 21 10 17
= × = = −1 (b) − ÷ x=1
11 1 11 11 2
3 − 15 17 1
(b) ÷ − × =1
11 33 2 x
17
3 33 3 3 − × 1= x
= × = 2
11 − 15 5 − 5 17
− =x
16 16 2
(c) ÷
9 − 27 1
−8 =x
3 2
16 − 27
= × = 1× − 3 = − 3
9 16 17  1
∴ − ÷ − 8  = 1
4 2  2
(d) − 6 ÷ 4
5 19
(c) ÷ x= −1
24 5 5 1 4
= − 6÷ = − 6× = − = −1
5 24 4 4 19 1
4 × = −1
4 x
3 −7 19
2. (a) ÷ ÷ − 1= x
4 8 4
2 19 1
3 8 6 × =x
= × = 14 − 1
4 −7 −7
− 19
−3 5 =x
(b) ÷ 14
7 14
5
2 −1 = x
− 3 14 − 3 × 2 6 1 14
= × = = − =1 19 5
7 5 5 5 5 ∴ ÷ − 1 = −1
−2 4 14
(c) − 6 ÷ 33
9 (d) x ÷ ( − 1) =
22
3 9
= − 6× = 3 × 9 = 27 1 33
x× =
−2 − 1 22
− 18 33 1
(d) ÷ ( − 9) x=− = −1
11 22 2
− 18 1 2 33 33
= × = ∴ − ÷ ( − 1) =
11 − 9 11 22 22
7 −5 6
(e) − ÷1 4. (a) Reciprocal of =
16 6 −5
17 17 1 − 3 14
= − × 1= − = −1 (b) " " =
16 16 16 14 − 3
−5 −4 1
(f) ÷ (c) " " − 1=
12 3 −1
−5 3 5 1 17
= × = (d) " " − =−
12 − 4 16 17 1
4
0 7
5 −5 (e) " " = (n.d.)
3. (a) ÷ x= 7 0
19 19
5. Let the other number be x
5 1 −5
× = 3 9
19 x 19 x×− =−
22 11

20 Mathematica-7
 − 9 − 3 − 9 22 34 + 45 4
x= ÷ = × = ×
11 22 11 − 3 10 9
2
= 3× 2 79 4 158 23
x=6 = × = =3
10 9 45 45
∴ Others number number is 6 5
6. Let other number be x 10. Let other number = x
20 7
x × − 5= x× =0
27 8
20 7
∴ x = − 5÷ x = 0÷ ⇒ x=0
27 8
27 27
= − 5× =−
20
4
4
M C Q
3
x=−6 11
4 1. is improper fraction.
3 7
∴ Other number is − 6 11
4 2. is not a unit fraction.
1 7
7. Cost of one bag = 205 ÷ 12
2 3. Fractions having the same denominator are called like
411 1 fraction.
=` ×
2 12 4. Let x should be added
411 3 5 26
=` = ` 17 − +x=
24 24 11 33
1 26  − 5 
Cost one one bag = ` 17 x= − 
8 33  11 
8. Let number be x 26 5 26 × 1 + 5 × 3
8 32 = + =
− ×x=− 33 11 33
5 35 26 + 15 41
− 32 − 8 = =
x= ÷ 33 33
35 5 8
x=1
− 32 − 5 − 4 × − 1 33
= × =
35 8 7 60 ÷ − 15 −4
5. =
4 − 75 ÷ − 15 + 5
x=
7 −4
∴ standard form=
4 +5
∴ Number is .
7 −3
 2 1
9. To find,  3 + 4  ÷ 2
1 Vector 6. − 7Facto
r fraction
is positive
Inverse Algebra
 5 2 4
 17 9  9
= +  ÷
 5 2 4
7.
×+5
Boys
3
=
4
3 5
of 20 = × 20
4
Boys = 15
 17 × 2 + 9 × 5  9 8. Product of rational number and zero is zero.
= ÷
 10  4

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

4 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Decimals
×+5
(b) 13 × 2.5
E xercise-4. 1 ×+5
25
×13
75
1. (a) 0.7 × 5 = 3.5 25×
∴ 13 × 2.5 = 32.5 325
Mathematica-7 21
 (c) 5.71 × 11 (g) 0.3 × 416.8
5.71 4168
×1 1 ×3
571 12504
571×
6281 ∴ 416.8 × 0.3 = 125.04
(h) 1.5 × 5.1
∴ 5.71 × 11 = 62.81 15
(d) 28.15 × 15
×51
2815 15
×15 75×
14075 765
2815×
42225 ∴ 1.5 × 5.1 = 7.65
(i) 20.05 × 2.05
∴ 28.15 × 15 = 422.25
(e) 3 × 0.96 2005
×205
96
10025
×3
0000×
288
4010××
∴ 3 × 0.96 = 2.88 41 1025
(f) 40.07 × 4
40507 ∴ 20.05 × 2.05 = 41.125
3. (a) 2.5 × 10 = 25 (b) 3.57 × 10 = 35.7
×4
(c) 637.1 × 10 = 6371 (d) 2.397 × 100 = 239.7
162028
(e) 156.1 × 100 = 15610 (f) 57.08 × 100 = 5708
∴ 405.07 × 4 = 1620.28 (g) 0.05 × 1000 = 50 (h) 25.02 × 1000 = 25020
2. (a) 0.8 × 0.9 (i) 0.2571 × 1000 = 257.1
9 4. (a) 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.04
= 0.16 × 0.04
×8
= 0.0064
72
(b) 0.1 × 0.01 × 0.0001
∴ 0.8 × 0.9 = 0.72 = 0.001 × 0.0001
(b) 0.4 × 2.5 = 0.0000001
(c) 2.5 × 0.25 × 5
25
×4 25
100 ×25
125
∴ 0.4 × 2.5 = 1.00
50×
(c) 0.4 × 0.04
625
4 ×5
×4 3125
16

∴ 0.4 × 0.04 = 0.016 ∴ 2.5 × 0.25 × 5 = 3.125

(d) 12.3 × 0.15 (d) 0.8 × 3.5 × 0.05

123 35
×15 ×8
615 280
123× ×5
1845 1400

∴ 12.3 × 0.15 = 1.845 ∴ 0.8 × 3.5 × 0.05 = 0.1400

22 Mathematica-7
 5. Area of rectangle = l × b 45 (g) 0.082 ÷ 100 = 0.00082
= 6.7 × 4.5 ×67 (shifting 2 decimal places to left)
= 30.15 cm 2 315 (h) 528.6 ÷ 1000 = 0.5286
270× (shifting 3 decimal places to left)
3015 (i) 0.5 ÷ 1000 = 0.0005 (shifting 3 decimal places to left)
2. (a) 9.6 ÷ 4 = 2.4
6. (a) Area of square = side × side 25
4 96 24
×25
= 2.5 × 2.5 cm 2 8
125
= 6.25 cm 2 50× 16
16
625
×
(b) Area of square = side × side 34
= 3.4 × 3.4 cm 2 ×34 (b) 5.72 ÷ 2 = 2.86
= 11.56 cm 2 136
102× 2 572 286
1 156 4
17
7. Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × side 16
= 3 × 3.8 12
= 11.4 cm 12
×
195
8. Distance travelled in 20 litres = 19.5 × 20 km
×20
= 390.0 km
000 (c) 1.53 ÷ 9 = 0.72
390×
9 153 24
3900
9
63
1875 63
9. Cost of 7.5 metres of ribbon = 18.75 × 7.5 ×
×75
= ` 140.625 9375
13125× (d) 0.90 ÷ 15 = 0.06
140625
15 96 6
90
6450 ×
10. Cost of 10.5 kg of Apples = 1.05 × 64.50
×105
= ` 677.22
32220
(e) 43.2 ÷ 6 = 0.72
0000×
6450×× 6 432 72
677220 42
12
E xercise-4. 2 12
×
1. (a) 6.7 ÷ 10 = 0.67 (shifting 1 decimal place to left)
(b) 65.7 ÷ 100 = 0.657 (shifting 2 decimal places to left) (f) 117.6 ÷ 21 = 5.6
(c) 561 ÷ 100 = 5.61 (shifting 2 decimal places to left)
21 11 7 6 5 6
(d) 97.42 ÷ 1000 = 0.09742
105
(shifting 3 decimal places to left)
126
(e) 6.36 ÷ 1000 = 0.00636
126
(shifting 3 decimal places to left)
×
(f) .7 ÷ 1000 = 0.0007 (shifting 3 decimal places to left)

Mathematica-7 23
 (g) 5.080 ÷ 8 = 0.635 (d) 16.9 ÷ 13 = 1.3
8 5080 635 13 16.9 1.3
48 13
28 039
– 24 –39
40 ×
– 40
(e) 2.25 ÷ 0.15 15 15
× 225
2.25
= 15
(h) 8.28 ÷ 9 = 0.92 0.15
225 075
9 828 92 = –75
15
81 = 15 ×
18
18 (f) 30.94 ÷ 0.7 7 309.4 44.2
× 30.94 28
=
0.7 029
(i) 3.468 ÷ 2.4 309.4
34.68 = –28
= 7 0014
24 = 44.2
= 1.445 0–14
shifting 1 decimal places to right ×
(g) 4.03 ÷ 1.3
2 4 3 4 6 8 1.445 7 40.3 3.1
4.03
24 = 39
1.3
106 40.3 0 13
096 =
13 – 13
0108 = 3.1 ×
0096
00120 (h) 6.82 ÷ 0.22
00120 6.82 22 682 3 1
=
× 0.22 66
682 022
=
3. (a) 8 ÷ 0.4 22 –22
8 = 31
= ×
0.40
(i) 0.5 ÷ 0.25 = 2
80
= 0.5
4 =
0.25
= 20 50
= =2
25
(b) 96 ÷ 0.2
96 2 480 4. Let other number = x
= 960
0.2 8 ∴ 0.74 × x = 5.92
960 5.92
= 16 x=
2 0.74
16 592
= 480 × x= ⇒ x=8
74
∴ other number is 8
(c) 3.28 ÷ 0.8 5. Let number of sides = x
3.28 ∴ x × 8.1 = 72.9
= 8 32.8 4.1
0.8 72.9 81 0729 9
x=
32.8 32 8.1 –729
=
8 00.8 729 ×
=
= 4.1 00.8 81
× x=9
∴ Number of sides of polygon = 9

24 Mathematica-7
 16.5 11 1 6 5 1 5
6. Distance travelled in 1 km =
1.1
km
11 M C Q
165 055
= km 1. 0.02 × 1000 = 20 (shifting 2 decimal to right)
11 –55
2. 0.02 ÷ 1000 = 0.00002 (shifting 3 decimal to left)
= 15 km ×
3. 3.2 ÷ 1.6
3.2 32
= = =2
337.50 1.6 16
7. cost of 1 pen =`
25 4. 4.8 ÷ 16 = 0.3
25 337.50 1 3 . 5 0
= ` 13.50 25 16 4.8 0.3
087 4.8
–75 ×
012.5
5. 0.6 × 0.5 = 0.30
–12.5
6. 0.4 × 0.4 = 0.16
×
8. Weight of each bag
= 784 kg 320g ÷ 12 1 2 7 8 4.3 2 0 6 5 . 3 6 0
= 784.320 kg ÷ 12
72
= 65.360 kg
or = 65 kg 360gm 064
–60
0043 Vector Factor Inverse Algebra

×+5
0–36
00072
00–72
×

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

5 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Powers
×+5
(e) 83 = 8 × 8 × 8 = 512
E xercise-5. 1 ×+5
(e) a × a × b × b × c × c × d = a 2 b 2 c 2 d
3 2
(f) m × m × m × n × n = m n
1. (a) 27 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 128
(g) 4 × 4 × 4 × t × t × t = 4 3 t 3
(b) 94 = 9 × 9 × 9 × 9 = 6561
(h) 10 × 10 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 102 × 33
(c) 122 = 12 × 12 = 144
(i) x × x × x × y × y × y = x 3 × y 3
(d) 64 = 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 1296
(j) p × p × p × q × q = p 3 q 2
(e) 83 = 8 × 8 × 8 = 512
(k) 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 34 × 73
(f) 104 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 10000
(l) m × m × n × n × n × p × p × q = m2 n 2 p 2 q
(g) 73 = 7 × 7 × 7 = 343
3. (a) 625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 54
(h) 103 = 10 × 10 × 10 = 1000
5 625
2. (a) 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 = 75
5 125
(b) x × x × x = x 3
5 25
(c) 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 32 × 53
5 5
(d) 3 × 3 × x × x × x = 32 x 3
1

Mathematica-7 25
 (b) 7203 = 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 3 = 74 × 3 (h) 729 = 9 × 9 × 9
= 93 = ( 32 ) 3 = 36
7 7203
9 729
7 1029
9 81
7 147
9
7 21

3 4. (a) 28 or 82
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 or 8 × 8
(c) 256 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 256 or 64
∴ 28 > 82
= 28
(b) 25 or 52
2 256 = 2× 2× 2× 2× 2 or 5 × 5
= 32 or 25
2 128 ∴ 25 > 52
(c) 36 or 63
2 64
= 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 or 6 × 6 × 6
2 32 = 729 or 216
∴ 36 > 63
2 16 (d) 23 or 32
2 8 = 2× 2× 2 or 3 × 3
=8 or 9
2 4 ∴ 23 < 32
(e) 35 or 53
2
= 3× 3× 3× 3× 3 or 5 × 5 × 5
= 243 or 125
(d) 243 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 5
∴ 3 > 5 3
3 243
= 35 (f) 26 or 62
3 81
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 or 6 × 6
3 27 = 64 or 36
∴ 26 > 62
3 9
5. (a) 540 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 22 × 32 × 5
3
(e) 216 = 6 × 6 × 6 2 540
= 63 2 270

6 216 2 135

6 36 3 45

6 3 15

5
(f) 100000 = 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
= 105 (b) 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 23 × 32
5
(g) 32768 = 8 × 8 × 8 × 8 × 8 = 8
2 72
8 32768 2 36
8 4096 2 18
8 512 3 9
8 64 3
8

26 Mathematica-7
 (c) 432 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 3 375
= 24 × 33
5 125
2 432
5 25
2 216
5
2 108
6. (a) 24 × 32
2 54
= 2× 2× 2× 2× 3× 3
3 27 = 16 × 9
= 144
3 9 (b) 3 × 4 3
3 = 3× 4 × 4 × 4
= 3 × 64
(d) 1000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 192
= 23 × 53 (c) 24 × 5
= 2× 2× 2× 2× 5
2 1000 = 16 × 5
2 500 = 80
(d) 2 × 104
2 250 = 2 × 10 × 10 × 10 × 10
5 125 = 20000
(e) 72 × 22
5 25 = 7× 7× 2× 2
5 = 49 × 4
= 196
(e) 9000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 (f) 0 × 108
= 23 × 32 × 53 = 0 × 100000000
=0
2 9000 (g) 52 × 32 = 5 × 5 × 3 × 3
2 4500 = 25 × 9
= 225
2 2250 (h) 63 × 24
3 1125 = 6× 6× 6× 2× 2× 2× 2
= 216 × 16
3 375 = 3456
5 125 7. (a) ( − 6) 3
= − 6× − 6× −6
5 25 = − 216
5 (b) − 5 × ( − 2) 3
= − 5 × ( − 2) 3
(f) 36000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 5
= − 5× − 2× − 2× − 2
= 25 × 32 × 53 = − 5× − 8
= 40
2 36000
(c) ( − 3) × ( − 5) 2
3

2 18000 = −3× − 3× − 3× − 5× − 5
= − 27 × 25
2 9000
= − 675
2 4500 (d) ( − 2) × ( − 10) 3
4

2 2250
= − 2 × − 2 × − 2 × − 2 × − 10 × − 10 × − 10
3 1125 = 16 × − 1000

Mathematica-7 27
 = − 16000 3 4 3+ 4 7
1 1 1 1
(e) ( − 4 ) × ( − 5) 2
2 (h)  −  ×  −  =  −  =  − 
 2  2  2  2
= − 4 × − 4 × − 5× − 5 2 3 5
3 3 3
= 16 × 25 (i)  −  ×  −  ×  − 
 5  5  5
= 400
2 + 3+ 5 10
(f) ( − 8) × ( − 3) 2
2 3 3
=  −  =  − 
= − 8× − 8× − 3× − 3  5  5
= 64 × 9 (j) a 4 × a 5 × a 3 = a 4 + 5+ 3
= a12
= 576
(k) b 4 × b 2 × b 3 = b 4 + 2+ 3
= b9
(g) ( − 5) × ( − 1) 4
(l) x 2 × x 4 × x 8 = x2 + 4+ 8
= x14
= − 5 × − 1× − 1× − 1× − 1
= −5 (m) p 6 × p 2 × p 4 = p 6 + 2+ 4
= p12
(h) ( − 16) × ( − 1) 7 (n) n 6 × n 2 × n10 = n 6 + 2 + 10
= n18
= − 16 × − 1 × − 1 × − 1 × − 1 × − 1 × − 1 × − 1 (o) a 2 × a10 × a 4 = a 2 + 10 + 4
= a16
= − 16 × 1
= 16 (p) ( − 4 ) 2 × ( − 4 ) 3 × ( − 4 ) 6 = ( − 4 ) 2 + 3+ 6
= ( − 4 )11
8. (a) 2 × 1012 or 3 × 1016 (q) ( − 6) 2 × ( − 6) 5 × ( − 6) 8
2000000000000 or 30000000000000000 = ( − 6) 2 + 5+ 8
= ( − 6)15
∴ 2 × 1012 < 3 × 1016 (r) ( − 7) × ( − 7) 3 × ( − 7) 4
15 8
(b) 1.5 × 10 or 4.5 × 10 = ( − 7)1 + 3+ 4
= ( − 7) 8
1500000000000000 or 450000000
35 46
∴ 1.5 × 1015 > 4.5 × 108 5. (a) = 35 − 2 = 33 (b) = 46 − 3 = 43
32 43
(c) 4 × 1014 or 3 × 1018
68 1012
400000000000000 or 3000000000000000000 (c) = 68 − 4 = 64 (d) = 1012 − 5 = 107
64 105
∴ 4 × 1014 < 3 × 1018
125
(d) 2.5 × 1012 or 3.5 × 108 (e) = 125 − 3 = 122
3
12
2500000000000 or 350000000
( − 2) 8
∴ 2.5 × 1012 ≥ 3.5 × 108 (f) = ( −2 ) 8 − 6 = ( − 2 ) 2
6
(e) 1.7 × 108 or 2.1 × 105 ( − 2)
17000000 or 2100000 ( − 5)10
(g) = ( − 5)10 − 4 = ( − 5) 6
∴ 1.7 × 10 > 2.1 × 105
8
( − 5) 4
5 3
(f) 1.9 × 10 or 2.9 × 10 ( − 6) 8
(h) = ( − 6) 8 − 3 = ( − 6) 5
190000 or 2900 ( − 6) 3
∴ 1.9 × 105 or 2.9 × 103
(i) 4 5 ÷ 4 2 = ( 4 ) 5 − 2 = 4 3
190000 or 2900
(j) 712 ÷ 76 = 712 − 6 = 76
∴ 1.9 × 105 > 2.9 × 103
(k) x 5 ÷ x 3 = x 5 − 3 = x 2

E xercise-5. 2 (l) y 5 ÷ y 2 = y 5 − 3 = y 2
(m) a10 ÷ a 6 = a10 − 6 = a 4
10 5 10 − 5 5
1. (a) 39 × 32 = 39 + 2
= 311 1 1 1 1
(n)   ÷   =   =   s
(b) 53 × 54 = 53 + 4
= 57  2  2  2  2
11 5 11− 5 6
(c) 75 × 73 = 75 + 3
= 58 4
(o)  − 
4 4 4
÷  −  =  −  =  − 
(d) 210 × 23 = 210 + 3
= 213  7  7  7  7
11 6 11− 6 5
(e) 63 × 64 × 62 = 63 + 4+ 2
= 69 (p)  −
1

1
÷  − 
1
=  − 
1
=  − 
 2  2  2  2
(f) ( − 3) 2 × ( − 3) 9 × ( − 3) 7 = ( − 3) 2 + 9+ 7
= ( − 3)18
6 2 6+ 2 8 (q) ( 0.5) 7 ÷ ( 0.5) 3 = ( 0.5) 7 − 3 = ( 0.5) 4
1 1 1 1
(g)   ×   =   =   (r) ( 2.5) 6 ÷ ( 2.5) 3 = ( 2.5) 6 − 3 = ( 2.5) 3
 4  4  4  4
(s) ( 6.8)10 ÷ ( 6.8) 4 = ( 6.8)10 − 4 = ( 6.8) 6

28 Mathematica-7
 6− 4
 x
6
 x
4
 x  x
2
= 96 + 12
(t)   ÷  =  = 
 y  y  y  y = 918
3. (a) ( 34 ) 5 = 34 × 5 = 320 (f) (103 ) 4 × (105 ) 3
(b) ( 73 ) 4 = 73 × 4 = 712 = 103 × 4 × 105 × 3
(c) (103 ) 6 = 103 × 6 = 1018 = 1012 × 1015

(d) ( 510 ) 4 = 510 × 4 = 540 = 1012 + 15 = 1027

(g) ( 24 ) 3 × ( 23 ) 2 × ( 22 ) 4
(e) ( 610 ) 7 = 610 × 7 = 670
= 24 × 3 × 23 × 2 × 22 × 4
(f) (126 ) 3 = 126 × 3 = 1218
= 212 × 26 × 28
(g) ( 84 ) 9 = 84 × 9 = 836
= 212 + 6+ 8
= 226
(h) (105 )11 = 105 × 11 = 1055
(h) ( 32 ) 3 × ( 33 ) 2 × ( 34 ) 3
24 2× 4 8
(i) (15) = 15 = 15
= 32 × 3 × 33 × 2 × 34 × 3
3 5 3× 5 15
(j) ( 20 ) = 20 = 20 = 36 × 36 × 312
2 4 2
4. (a) ( 3 ) or ( 3 ) × 4 = 36 + 6 + 12

38 or 9× 4 = 324
38 > 36 6. (a) 52 × 32 = ( 5 × 3) 2 = 152
(b) ( 4 3 ) 5 or ( 4 3 ) × 5
(b) 64 × 104 = ( 6 × 10) 4 = 604
3 × 15
4 or 4×4×4×5
(c) ( − 2) 5 × ( 4 ) 5 = ( − 2 × 4 ) 5 = ( − 8) 5
45
or 64 × 5
(d) 103 × ( − 6) 3 = (10 × − 6) 3 = ( − 60) 3
∴ 415 > 320
(e) 132 × 52 = (13 × 5) 2 = ( 65) 2
(c) ( 73 ) 2 or ( 73 ) × 2
(f) ( − 6) 4 × 34 = ( − 6 × 3) 4 = ( − 18) 4
73 × 2 or 7× 7× 7× 2
(g) a 3 × ( − b ) 3 = ( a × − b ) 3 = ( − ab ) 3
76 or 49 × 14
(h) ( − a ) 4 × ( − b ) 4 = ( − a × − b ) 4 = ( ab ) 4
7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 or 686
∴ ( 73 ) 2 > 73 × 2 7. (a) ( 3a ) 5 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × a5
5. (a) ( 33 ) 5 × ( 34 ) 3 = 243a 5
= 33 × 5 × 34 × 3 (b) ( 4 × 3) 6
= 315 × 312 = 126
= 12 × 12 × 12 × 12 × 12 × 12
= 315 + 2
= 317 = 2985984
(b) ( 72 ) 5 × ( 73 ) 6 (c) ( 2 × b ) 4 = 24 × b 4
= 72 × 5 × 73 × 6 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × b4
= 710 × 718 = 16 b 4
= 710 + 18 = 728 (d) ( 7 × 3)10 = 710 × 310
(c) ( 53 ) 6 × ( 52 ) 4 (e) ( − 8 × x )15 = ( − 8)15 × x15
= 53 × 6 × 52 × 4 (f) ( xy ) 9
= 518 × 58 = x9 × y9
= 518 + 8
= 526 (g) ( − pq ) 5
(d) ( 210 ) 3 × ( 25 ) 4 = ( − p )15 × q15
= 210 × 3 × 25 × 4 (h) ( bc ) 7 = b7 × c7
= 230 × 220 8. (a) 23 × 22 × 55
= 230 + 20
= 250 = 23 + 2
× 55
(e) ( 92 ) 3 × ( 93 ) 4 = 25 × 55
= 92 × 3 × 93 × 4 = ( 2 × 5) 5
= 96 × 912 = 105

Mathematica-7 29
 (b) ( 62 × 64 ) ÷ 63 36 × 77 × 115
(g)
= 62 + 4
÷ 63 21 × 113
= 66 ÷ 63 36 × 77 × 115
6 −3
=
=6 3 × 7 × 113
3
=6 = 36 − 1 × 77 − 1 × 115 − 3
7
3  = 35 × 76 × 112
(c)   × 35
 33  (h) [( 52 ) 3 × 54 ] ÷ 57
= 37 − 2 × 35 = [ 52 × 3 × 54 ] ÷ 57
= 35 × 35 = 56 + 4
÷ 57
= 35 + 5
= 510 ÷ 57
= 310 = 510 − 7
(d) ( 23 × 2) 2 = 53
= ( 23 + 1 ) 2
= ( 24 ) 2 M C Q
= 24 × 2 2
1
=2 8 1. Reciprocal of   ×4
 2
28 × a 5 2
(e) 2 1 1
3 3 =   × ⇒ 4× =1
4 ×a  1 4 4
28 × a 5 − 3 2
3 × 2− 6
2
6− 6
2
0
= 2.   =   =   =1
( 22 ) 3  3  3  3
28 a 2  3 0
5
=
26 3.     = (1) 5 = 1
8− 6   2  
=2 a2
4. 10 × 20 × 50 × 60 = 1 × 1 × 1 × 1 = 1
= 22 a 2
5
 2 2 2x 10 2x
38 × 32 2 2 2
(f) 5.     =   ⇒   =   ⇒ 10 = 2x ⇒ x = 5
34 × 33   5    5  5  5
38 + 2 Vector Factor Inverse Algebra
= 6. 26 ÷ 26 = 26 − 6 = 20 = 1
34 +
×+5 ⇒
3
7. ( 52 × 55 ) ÷ 510 ⇒ ( 52 + 5 ) ÷ 510
310
= 57 ÷ 510 = 57 − 10 = 5− 3
7
3
= 310 − 7
=3
5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

6 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Ratio and Proportion
×+5
E xercise-6. 1 (b)
` 8.40 840 8
=
` 3.15 315 3
⇒
8
3
or 8 : 3 ×+5
250 gm 250 gm 250 1
(c) = = = or 1 : 4
` 2.25 225 45 5 1kg 1000 gm 1000 4
1. (a) = ⇒ or 5 :4
` 1.80 180 36 4 12.80 m 1280 cm 1280 128 4
(d) = = = = or 4 :1
320 cm 320 cm 320 32 1

30 Mathematica-7
 Money earn 150,000 3 1 2 1
2. (a) = = or 3 : 1 8. Let A = x, B = x, C = x
Money saves 50000 1 2 3 4
Money saves 50000 1 1 2 1
(b) = = or 1 : 2 ∴ x + x + x = 536
Money spends 100000 2 5 3 4
12x + 40x + 15x
Saving 120 42 2 = 536
3. (a) = = = or 2 : 25 60
pay 1500 50 25 25 67x
= 536
Expenditure 1380 69 23 23 60
(b) = = = or 23 : 25 536 × 60
pay 1500 75 25 25 x=
Expenditure 1380 23 67
(c) = = or 23 : 2 x = 480
saving 120 2 1 2 1
Salary 4250 17 9. Let A = x, B = x, C = x
4. (a) = = or 17 : 14 5 3 4
expenditure 3500 14 1 2 1
∴ x + x + x = 536
saving 750 75 3 3 5 3 4
(b) = = = or 3 : 14 12x + 40x + 15x
expenditure 3500 35014 14 = 536
60
saving 750 75 3 67x
(c) = = = 3 : 17 = 536
salary 4250 4217 60
Father's age 40 4 536 × 60
5. (a) = = or 4 :1 x=
Son's age 10 1 67
Father's age 35 7 x = 480
(b) = = 7: 3 1 1
Son's age 15 3 ∴ A = x = × 480 = 96 ⇒ A = ` 96
5 5
Father's age 70 2 2
(c) = = 7: 4 B = x = × 480160 = 320 ⇒ B = ` 320
Son's age 40 3 3
girls 24 2 2 1
6. (a) = = or 2 : 5 C = × 480 = 120 ⇒ C = ` 120
total 60 5 5 4
10. Let Ist child = 5x, IInd child = 7x
girls 24 2
(b) = = 2: 3 ∴ 5x + 7x = 84
boys 36 3
12x = 84 ⇒ x=7
7. Let A = 4x, B = 1x ∴ Ist child gets 5 × 7 = 35 chocloates
∴ 4x + 1x = 460 IInd child gets 7 × 7 = 49 chocolates
5x = 460 Boys 1500 − 600 900 9 3
x = 92
11. = = = = 3: 2
girls 600 600 6 2
∴ A = 4 × 92 ; B = 1 × 92
12. Let pure milk = 8x, water = 1x
A = ` 368 ; B = ` 92
1 1 1 ∴ 8x = 96
8. Let, A = x, B = x, C = x
2 3 5 x = 12
1 1 1 ∴ water = 1 × 12
∴ x + x + x = 4340 = 12 kg
2 3 5
15x + 10x + 6x 13. Let zinc = 7x, copper = 9x
= 43040
30 ∴ 9x = 11.7
31x x = 1.3 kg
= 4340
30 ∴ Zinc = 7 × 1.3 = 9.1 kg
4340 × 30 14. Speed of cart = 32 ÷ 5 = 7 km/hr
x=
31 = 20 ÷ 2 = 60 km/hr
x = 4200 bullock cart speed 7
= or 7 : 60
1 1 car speed 60
∴ A = x = × 4200 = ` 2100
2 2 15. Let officers = 3x, Workers = 22x
1 1
B = x = × 4200 = ` 1400 ∴ 3x + 22x = 375
3 3
1 1 25x = 375
C = x = × 4200 = ` 840 x = 375 ÷ 25
5 5 x = 15

Mathematica-7 31
 126 Product of means = 3 × 4 = 12
16. speed of bus = = 42 km/hr
3 Q Product of extremes = Product of means
315 ∴ 2, 3, 4, 6 are in proportion
speed of train = = 63 km/hr
5 (d) 4,9,5,9
speed of bus 42 7 Product of extremes = 4 × 9 = 36
= = or 2 : 3 Product of means = 9 × 5 = 45
speed of train 63 3
Q Product of extremes ≠ Product of means
17. Let B gets x votes
∴ 4, 9, 5, 9 are not in proportion
∴ A gets ( x + 400) votes (e) 5, 3, 10, 6
∴ x + ( x + 400) = 30000 Product of extremes = 5 × 6 = 30
2x = 30000 − 400 " " means = 3 × 10 = 30
2x = 29600 Q Product of extremes = Proportion of means
x = 14800 ∴ 5, 3, 10, 6 are in proportion
∴ A gets = 14800 + 400 = 15200 1 1
B gets = 14800 (f) 4 , 7 , 54, 88
A 15200 76 38 2 3
Ratio = = = or 38 : 37 1
B 14800 74 37 Product of extreme = 4 × 8
30000 2 2
18. Ratio of investments = = or 2 : 3 9
45000 3 = × 8844 = 396
2
2 2400 1
Profit of Ist partner = × 12000 Product of means = 7 × 54
5 3
= ` 4800 22
3 = × 5418 = 396
Profit of IInd partner = × 120002400 3
5 Q Product of extremes = Product of means
= ` 7200 1 1
∴ 4 , 7 , 54, 88 are in proportion.
19. Let Ist group = 6x 2 3
∴ IInd group = 11x 1 1 1 1
(g) , , ,
∴ 6x = 870 3 4 6 7
x = 870 ÷ 6 1 1 1
Product of extremes = × =
x = 145 3 7 21
∴ Ist group = 6 × 145 = 870 1 1 1
Product of means = × =
IInd group = 11 × 145 = 1595 4 6 24
2465 Q Product of extremes ≠ Product of means
∴ total students = 2465 1 1 1 1
∴ , , , are not in proportion.
20. Let original temperature = 8x 3 4 6 7
(h) 1.2, 2.7, 0.7, 0.9
New, temperature = 7x
Product of extremes = 1.2 × 0.9 = 1.08
∴ 8x = 32
Product of means = 2.7 × 0.7 = 1.89
x=4
Q Product of extremes ≠ Product of means
∴ New temperature = 7 × 4 = 28° C
∴ 1.2, 2.7, 0.7, 0.9 are not in proportion.
2. (a) 5 : 3 :: x : 6
E xercise-6. 2 Product of means = Product of extremes
3x = 5 × 6
1. (a) 18, 24, 9, 12 x = 5× 2
Product of extremes = 18 × 12 = 216 x = 10
(b) x : 3 :: 4 : 6
Product of means = 24 × 9 = 216
Product of means = Product of extremes
∴ 18, 24, 9,12 are in proportion
3 × 4 = 6x
(b) 15, 16, 20, 21 3× 4
=x
Product of extremes = 15 × 21 = 315 6
Product of means = 16 × 20 = 320 2= x
Q Product of extremes ≠ Product of means (c) 9 : 8 :: 81 : x
∴ 15, 16, 20,21 are not in proportion. Product of means = Product of extremes
8 × 81 = 9 × x
(c) 2, 3, 4, 6 8× 9= x
Product of extremes = 2 × 6 = 12 72 = x

32 Mathematica-7
 (d) 24 : x : : 18 : 45 1
=
Product of means = Product of extremes 5× 2
18x = 45 × 24 1
15 4 x=
45 × 24 10
x= (e) Let mean proportion be x
18
3 1 1
:x = x:
x = 60 36 9
1 1 1 2 1 1
(e) : =x : x = ×
15 4 5 9 36
Product of means = Product of extremes 1 1
x= ×
1 1 1 36 9
x= ×
4 1.5 5 1 1
4 = ×
x= 6 3
75 1
1 1 x=
(f) 2 : x :: 3 : 4 18
2 2 4. (a) Let third proportion be x
Product of means = Product of extreme ∴ 4 : 6 :: 6 : x
1 1 Product of extremes = Product of means
3 x=4×2
2 2 4 × x = 6× 6
7 5 36
x=4× x=
2 2 4
20 2 x=9
x= ×
2 7 (b) Let third proportion be x
20 ∴ 8 : 12 :: 12 : x
x=
7 Product of extremes = Product of means
6 8 × x = 12 × 2
x=2
7 12 × 12
x=
3. (a) Let mean proportion be x 8
36 : x = x : 64 144
=
x × x = 64 × 36 8
x 2 = 64 × 49 x = 18
x = 64 × 36 ∴ third proportion is 18
(c) Let third proportion be x
x = 8× 6
1 3 3
x = 48 ∴ : :: : x
(b) Let mean proportion be x 2 4 4
Product of extremes = Product of means
49 : x = x : 64 1 3 3
x × x = 64 × 49 ×x= ×
2 4 4
x 2 = 64 × 49 9
x = 64 × 49 x= ×2
16
x = 8× 7 9
x=
x = 56 8
(c) Let mean proportion be x 9
∴ third proportion is
144 : x = x : 225 8
x × x = 225 × 144 (d) Let third proportion be x
x = 225 × 144 1
2 : 9 :: 9 : x
x = 15 × 12 4
x = 180 Product of extremes = Product of means
(d) Let mean proportion be x 1
2 × x = 9× 9
1 1 4
:x = x: 81 × 4
4 25 x=
1 1 9
x×x= ×
25 4 x = 9× 4
1 1 x = 36
x= × (e) Let third proportion be x
25 4
∴ 16 : 20 :: 20 : x
Mathematica-7 33
 Product of extremes = Product of means ∴ 800kg of wheat in 20 bags
16x = 20 × 20 8. kg : cost = kg : cost
400 100 : 12000 = 75 : x
x=
16 Product of extremes = Product of means
x = 25 100x = 12000 × 75
∴ third proportion is 25 12000 × 75
5. (a) Let fourth proportion be x x=
100
30 : 105 :: 42 : x x = 120 × 75
Product of extremes = Product of means x = 9000
30x = 105 × 42 ∴ Cost of 75 kg of wheat is ` 9000
305 × 12 9. Tree : shadow = tree : shadwo
x=
30 8 : 6 = x : 18
x = 147 Product of means = Product of extremes
∴ Fourth proportion is 147 6x = 8 × 18
(b) Let fourth proportion be x 8 × 18
x=
∴7 : 14 :: 16 : x 6
Product of extremes = Product of means = 8× 3
7x = 14 × 16 x = 24
2
∴ 24m of tree cost a shadow of 18 m
14 × 6
x= 10. Income : expenditure = Income : expenditure
7
9 : 8 = 1800 : x
x = 32
Product of extremes = Product of means
(c) Let fourth proprtion be x
9x = 8 × 1800
1 1 1 8 × 1800
∴ : = :x x=
3 5 7 9
Product of extreme = Product of means = 8 × 200
1 1 1
x= × x = 1600
3 7 5 ∴ Expenditure is ` 1600
3
x= Savings = 1800 − 1600
35 = ` 200
3 11. Income : Expenditure = Income : Expenditure
∴ Fourth proportion is
35 9 : 8 = 1800 : x
(d) Let fourth proportion be x Product of extremes = Product of means
∴ 4 . 8 : 1.6 = 5.4 : x 6x = 324 × 5
Product of extreme = Product of means 324 × 5
4 . 8 x = 5.4 × 1. 6 x=
5.4 × 1. 6 6
x= x = 270
4 .8 ∴ In 5 hours 270 km in travelled
x = 1.8 12. Let Zinc = 8x, Aluminium = 7x and Copper = 6x
∴ Fourth proportion is 1.8
∴ 8x = 32
6. Pens : Costs = Pens : Cost
x=4
4 : 24 = 15 : x ∴ Aluminium = 7 × 4 = 28 kg
Product of extreme = Product of means Copper = 6 × 4 = 24 kg
4x = 24 × 15 13. Let income of Sarita = 3x
24 × 15
x= " " Salma = 4x
4
" " Neetu = 7x
= 6 × 15
∴ 4x = 20
x = 90
x=5
∴ Cost of 15 pens = ` 90
∴ Income of Sarita = 3 × 5 = ` 15
7. Bags : kg = Bags : kg
" " Neetu = 7 × 5 = ` 35
3 : 120 = 20 : x
14. 10 men in = 12 day
Product of extremes = Product of means
3x = 120 × 20 1 men in = 12 × 10 days
120 × 20 12 × 10 20
x= 15 men in = days = = 8 days
3 15 15
x = 800 ∴ 15 men dig a ditch in 8 days

34 Mathematica-7
 15. A : B = A : B 150
35 kg " " = ` × 35
3 2 50
: = 6000 : x
5 5 = ` 105
Product of extremes = Product of means 7. 10 soap-cakes cost = ` 62
3 2
x = 6000 × 1 " " = ` 62 ÷ 10
5 5 62
7 5 12 " " = × 12
x = 6000 × × 10
5 3 = ` 74.4
6000 × 2
x= 8. 12 oranges cost = ` 16.80
3
x = 4000 16.80
1 " " =`
∴ Capital of B = ` 4000 12
16. In 36 days is dig by 25 persons 16.80
15 " " = ` × 15
In 1day ditch is dig by = 25 × 36 persons 10
25 × 364 ∴ 15 oranges = ` 21
In 9 days " " = persons
9 9. In 36 days road is build by 45 labourers
∴ In 9 days ditch is dig by 100 persons In 1 " " " = 45 × 36 labourers
45
In 54 " " " = × 36 labourers
E xercise-6. 3 54
= 30 labourers

1. ` 12.50 is cost of 20 pencils 10. 10 labourers can repair a road in = 15 days

20 1 " " " = 15 × 10 days
` 1 is cost of pencils 15 × 10
12.50 30 " " " = days
20 30
` 15 is cost of × 15 pencils = 5 days
12.50
∴ ` 15 is cost of 24 pencils 11. 4 men can do a piece of work in 5 days
2. 20 oranges cost = ` 16.80 1 men " " " = 5 × 4 days
16.80 5× 4
1 " " =` 6 men " " " = days
20 6
16.80 1
15 " " = × 15 = 3 days
20 3
= ` 12.60 12. 5 men clear a locality in 12 days
3. In 20 days man earns = ` 500 1 men " " = 12 × 5 days
500 12 × 5
" 1 day " " = ` 15 men " " = days
20 15
3
500 = 4 days
" 30 days " " = ` × 30
20
13. In 18 days wall build by 32 masons
= ` 750
4. 5 kg of potato cost = ` 15 " 1 day " " " = 32 × 18 masons
32 × 18
15 " 8 days " " " = masons
1 " " " = ` 8
5
15 = 72 masons
20 " " " = ` × 20
5 14. For 30 days provision is for 12 men
= ` 60 " 1 day " " = 12 × 30 men
12 × 30
5. For ` 42 cloth can be bought = 10 m " 8 days " " = men
45
10
" `1 " " " = m = 8 men
42
10 15. For 500 scouts provisions is for 12 days
" ` 21 " " " = × 21m " 1 " " " = 12 × 500 days
42
2 12 × 500
" 600 " " = days
∴ for ` 21 " " = 5m 600
6. 50 kg of apples cost = ` 150 = 10 days
1 kg " " = ` 150 ÷ 50
Mathematica-7 35
 1
E xercise-6. 4
=
9
× 100 %
1
= 11 %
1 1 9
1. (a) = × 100 % 30
8 8 (b) 30 : 200 = × 100 %
25 200
= % = 15 %
2
1 1 4
∴ = 12 % (c) 4 : 25 = × 100 %
8 2 25
1 1 = 4 × 4 % = 16 %
(b) = × 100 % 10
4 4 (d) 10 : 20 = × 100 %
= 25 % 120
11 11 100 25
(c) = × 100 % = %= %
13 13 12 3
1000 8 1
= % = 84 % =8 %
13 13 3
1 1 5
(d) = × 100 % (e) 5 : 125 = × 100 %
6 6 125
50 2 5× 4
= % = 16 % = %
3 3 5
3 3 =4%
(e) = × 100 % 1
10 10 (f) 1: 8 = × 100 %
8
= 3 × 10 % = 30 %
2 2 1 × 25
(f) = × 100 % = 2 × 4 % =
25 25 2
1
= 80 % = 12 %
3 3 2
(g) = × 100 % 1 25
40 40 (g) 1: 12 = 1:
3 × 10 2 2
= % 1
4 = × 100 %
30  25 
= %  
4  2
1 2
=7 % = × 100 %
2 25
16 16 = 2× 4
(h) = × 100 %
25 25 = 8%
= 16 × 4 % = 64 % 16
(h) 16 : 24 = × 100 %
2. (a) 0.04 = 0.04 × 100 % 24
=4% 2
= × 100 %
(b) 0.01 = 0.01 × 100 % 3
= 1% 200
= %
(c) 0.21 = 0.21 × 100 % 3
= 21 % 2
= 66 %
(d) 0.439 = 0.439 × 100 % = 43.9 % 3
40
(e) 0.08 = 0.08 × 100 % 4. (a) 40 % =
= 8% 100
4 2
(f) 8.75 = 8.75 × 100 % = =
= 875 % 10 5
10 1
(g) 0.004 = 0.004 × 100 % (b) 10 % = =
100 10
= 0.4 %
1 100
(h) 0.225 = 0.225 × 100 % (c) 33 % = %
3 3
= 22.5 %
100 1
3 = =
3. (a) 3 : 27 = × 100 % 3 × 100 3
27

36 Mathematica-7
 1 25 25 3
(d) 12 % = % = × 1200
2 2 4 × 100
25 1 = 75
= =
2 × 100 8 6. (a) 36 minutes of 1 day
1 75 36 minutes of 24 hours
(e) 37 % = %
2 2 36 minutes of 24 × 60 minutes
75 3 3 6
= = = 36
2 × 100 2 × 4 8 = × 100 %
24 × 60
1 25 4
(f) 8 % = %
3 3 10
= %
25 1 1 4
= = =
3 × 100 3 × 4 12 1
=2 %
1 25 2
(g) 6 %= %
4 4 (b) 900g of 2 kg
25 1 1 = 900g of 2000g
= = = 900
4 × 100 4 × 4 16 = × 100%
2000
5. (a) 37% of ` 60
= 45 %
37
=` × 60 (c) 20 of 200
100 20
37 × 3 = × 100%
=` 200
5 = 10 %
= ` 7.4 × 3 (d) ` 250 of ` 7.5
= ` 22.2 250
(b) 2.5% of 600 m = × 100 %
7.5
2.5 25000
= × 600 = %
100 7.5
= 2.5 × 6 m 1
= 15.0 m = 33 %
3
2
(c) 16 % of 68 (e) 160 m of 640 m
3 160
50 = × 100 % = 25 %
= % of 8 640
3 4
50 (f) 0.5 of 2
= × 84
3 × 100 0.5
2 =× 10050
2
4 1
= =1 = 0.5 × 50
3 3 = 25 %
1
(d) 3 % of 30 km 7. (a) Let number be x
3 ∴ 8% of x = 6
10 8x
= % of 30 km =6
3 100
10 600
= × 30 km x= ⇒ x = 75
3 × 100 8
= 1 km ∴ 8% of 75 = 6
(e) 40% of 15.125 l (b) Let number be x
40 ∴ 13% of x = 65
= × 15.125 l
10 13x
= 65
= 40 × 0.15125 l 100
= 6.05 l 65 × 100
1 x=
(f) 6 % of 1200 13
4 = 5 × 100
25 x = 500
= % of 1200
4 (c) Let number be x
1
∴ 16 % of x = 5.2
4
Mathematica-7 37
 65 12. % of zinc = (100 − 45) %
% of x = 5.2
4 = 55 %
65 ∴ Zinc in alloy = 55 % of 2 kg
× x = 5.2
4 × 100 55
= × 2000 gm
5.2 × 4 × 10020 100
x= = 55 × 20 gm
6513
5.2 × 4 × 20 Zinc in alloy = 1100 gm
= or = 1 kg 100 gm
13
13. Spend = 70 % Income
x = 32
1 ∴ same = (100 − 70) % of income
∴ 16 % of 32 = 5.2 save = 30 % of income
4
8. (a) Let x % of ` 50 = ` 10 14. Children passed = 85 % of 1700
x 85
× 50 = 10 = × 1700
100 100
x = 20 = 85 × 17
∴ 20% of ` 50 = ` 10 Children passed = 1445
60
(b) Let x % of 40 m = 16 m 15. % of Marks in Hindi = × 100%
x 80
× 40 = 16 600
100 = = 75 %
4 8
16 × 100 80
x= % of Marks in English = × 100%
40 90
x = 40 = 88.88 %
∴ 40% of 40 m = 16 m 33
(c) Let x % of 1 kg = 25g % of Arithmetic = × 100%
40
x 330
of 1000g = 25 =
100 4
25 × 100 = 82.5 %
x=
1000 In English % of Marks is best
x = 2.5
∴ 2.5% of 1 kg = 2.5 g
9. % of girls =
12
× 1002
E xercise-6. 5
50
= 24 % 1. Let marks be x
% of boys = (100 − 24 ) % ∴ 65% of x = 520
= 76 % 65
x = 520
65 100
10. % of marks = × 100 520 × 100
80 x=
6500 65
= x = 800
80
1 ∴ 65% of 800 = 520
= 81 % 1
4 2. Saves = 12 % of ` 720
1 2
1 25
11. % of petrol lost = 2 × 100% = % of ` 720
20 2
25
3 = × 720
= × 100 % 2 × 100
2 × 20 4
300 720
= % =
40 8
1 saves = ` 90
% of petrol lost = 7 %
2 1
3. He will receive = 1 % of ` 5000
1 2
∴ % of petrol present =  100 − 7  %
 2 3
= % of 5000
1 2
= 92 %
2
38 Mathematica-7
 3 87x 261x
= × 5000 remaining = −
2 × 100 100 400
15000 348x − 261x
= =
200 400
he will receive = ` 75 87x
261 =
1 400
4. Commission he get = 12 % of ` 2764
2 261 × 400
=x
25 87
= % of 2764
2 she had at first 1200 mangoes
25 10. Let salary = ` x
= × 2764
200 paid on rent 20% of x
He get commission = ` 345.50 20x x
1 =
5. Commission = 6 % of ` 1620 100 5
4 55x
25 living expenses 55% of x =
= % of 1620 100
4 11x
25 =
=` × 1620 20
400 deposite in post office = 15 % of x
= ` 101.25 15x 3x
6. Lost due to leakage = 8 % of 425 = =
100 20
8 x 11x 3x 
= × 425 lites Remaining = x −  + +
100  5 20 20 
= 34 litres
 4x + 11x + 3x 
still left in the cask = ( 425 − 34 ) litres 30 = x −  
 20
= 391 litres
18x
7. Let total mangoes = x =x−
20
∴ 17% of x = 1360 2x
17 x 30 =
= 1360 20
100 600
1360 × 100 =x
x= 2
17 300 = x
x = 8000 ∴ salary = ` 300
∴ Total mangoes = 8000 11. Let monthly income = x
8. Let She had = ` x
spend = 92 % of x
spend = 69 % of x 92x
69x =
= 100
100
69x 92x
save = x − saves = x −
100 100
100x − 69x 8x
93 = ∴ 220 =
100 100
31 x 22000
93 = ⇒ x = 300 =x
100 8
9. ∴ she had ` 300 2750 = x
∴ income = ` 2750
Let she had x mangoes
13x 12. % of females = 15
rotten = 13 % of x =
100 % of males = (100 − 15) %
13x = 85 %
remaining = x −
100 Let total workers = x
87x ∴ Males = 85 % of x
=
100 85x
272 =
87x 100
given in charity = 75 % of
100 272 × 100
3
=x
85
75 87x 261x
= × = 320 = x
100 100 400 ∴ Workers = 320
4

Mathematica-7 39
 13. Saves = ` ( 9000 − 7290) 105 x 105 x
Population after 2years = − 5 %of
= ` 1710 100 100
1710 105x 5 105 x
% saves =  × 100 % 798 = − ×
 9000  100 100 100
10500x − 525 x
saves = 19 % 798 =
14. Let original price = x 10000
7980000 = 9975 x
reduce = 16 % of x 7980000
16x =x
= 9975
100 800 = x
16x
reduced price = x − ∴ Population at the bignning = 800
100 19. votes polled = 80 % of 60000
100x − 16x
277.20 = 80
100 = × 60000
100
84 x
27.20 = A got = 60 % of 48000
100 60
27720 = × 48000
=x 100
84 = 28800
330 = x B got = 48000 − 28800
∴ Original price = ` 330 = 19200 votes
15. No. of boys = 48 % of 650 20. % of Zinc = 100 − ( 30 + 45)
48 = 100 − 75
= × 6500
100 = 25 %
= 312 Mass of zinc = 25 % of 640
∴ Number of girls = 650 − 312 25
= 338 = × 640
100
16. Let original salary = x 4

∴ x + 7% of x = 1519.40 Mass of zinc = 160 gm

7x
x+
100
107x
= 1519.40
E xercise-6. 6
= 1519.40
100 gain
1519.40 × 100 151940 1. (a) g% = × 100
x= = CP
107 107 50
x = 1420 = × 100
600
∴ Original salary = ` 1420 50 1
17. Let original price= x gain % = =8 %
6 3
x − 12 % of x = 129.60 (b) gain = SP − CP
12x
x− = 129.60 = 1200 − 1000
100 = ` 200
100x − 12x gain
= 129.60 gain % = × 100
100 CP
88 200
x = 129.60 = × 100
100 1000
12960
x= = 20 %
88 gain
x = ` 147.30 (c) gain = × 100
CP
18. Let population= x 2
6
Population after 1 year = x + 5 % of x = × 100
50
5x
=x+ gain % = 12 %
100 (d) CP = ` 2 = 200 paise, loss = 50 p
100x + 5x
= loss
100 loss % = × 100
CP
105x
= 50
100 = × 100 = 25 %
200

40 Mathematica-7
 (e) SP = ` 10, loss = ` 2 2. (a) Profit = 20 % of ` 370
CP = SP + loss 20
= 10 + 2 = ` 12 = × 370
100
loss Profit = ` 74
loss % = × 100
CP SP = CP + Pr
2 = 370 + 74
= × 100
12 = ` 444
1 4 (b) Pr = 10 % of 120
= × 100 = 16
16 6 10
2 = × 120
loss % = 16 % 100
3 Pr = 12
(f) CP = ` 40.80, gain = ` 2 SP = CP + Pr
gain = 120 + 12
gain % = × 100
CP SP = ` 132
2 3. loss on cycle = 12 % of ` 375
= × 100
40.80 12
200 20000 = × 375
= = 100
40.80 4080 4500
46 =
gain = 4 % 100
51 = ` 45
(g) loss = CP − SP 4. CP of house = ` 20,000, SP of house = 18000
= 100 − 90 = ` 10
loss = CP − SP
loss × 100
loss % = = 20000 − 18000
CP = ` 2000
10 × 100 loss
= loss % = × 100
100 CP
loss = 10 % 2000
(h) SP = ` 420, loss = ` 200 = × 100
20000
CP = SP + loss = 10 %
= 420 + 200 5. rise in price = 7.50 − 5.00
= ` 620
loss = ` 2.50
loss % = × 100 2.50
CP rise% = × 100
200 5
= × 100 250
620 = × 10050
2000 500
= 250
62
rise % = 50 %
1000
= 6. CP of transistor = ` 250
31
8 gain = ` 25
= 32 gain
31 gain % = × 100
1 CP
(i) SP = ` 15 , gain = ` 2 25
2 = × 100
CP = SP − gain 250
1 1 gain % = 10 %
= 15 − ` 2 = ` 13 7. CP of sweets = 50 × 20 paise
2 2
gain = 1000 paise
gain % = × 100
CP SP if sweets = 40 × 40 paise = 1600 paise
2 Profit on sweets = 1600 − 1000
= × 100
1 = 600 paise
13 600
2 gain % = × 100
200 400 1000
= = = 60 %e
27/ 2 27
22 8. discount = 15.75 − 12.75= 3.00
gain % = 14 % discount
27 discount % = × 100
original
Mathematica-7 41
 3 15. Discount on an article = 8 % of ` 240
discount % = × 100
15.75 8
300 30000 1 =` × 240
= = = 19 % 100
15.75 1575 21 192
9. discount = 10 % of 402 =
10
10 = ` 19.2
= × 402
100 ∴ SP of an article = MP – discount
discount = ` 40.2 = 240 − 19.20
Price of an item = ` 402 − 40.2 = ` 220.80
= ` 361.80 16. Discount = 15 % of ` 300
10. Toal CP of car = 25000 + 3000 + 500 15
= × 300
= ` 28500 100
SP of car = ` 40000 discount = ` 45
∴ gain = 40000 − 28500 ∴ SP of coat = ` ( 300 − 45)
= ` 11500 = ` 255
11500 17. TCP of stereo = ` ( 5863 + 137)
gain % = × 100
40000 = ` 6000
3 = ` 5700
= 28 %
4 ∴ loss on stereo = 6000 − 5700
11. decrease in price of car = 6000 − 40000 = ` 300
= ` 20000 300
∴ loss % = × 100
20000 6000
decrease % = × 100
60000 = 5%
200 100 1 18. Discount on article = 12 % of 150
= = = 33 %
6 3 3 12
= × 150
12. discount = ` ( 300 − 285) 100
= ` 15 = ` 18
15 customers pay = ` (150 − 18)
discount % on article = × 100
300 = ` 132
= 5% 19. SP to get 20% profit = 250 + 20% of 250
 240 20
13. CP of 240 roses = `  × 19 = 250 + × 250
 12  100
= 20 × 9 = 250 + 50
= ` 180 = ` 300
SP of 240 roses = 240 × 1 = ` 240 1
rotten bananas = 30 = 2 dozens
Profit = 240 − 180 2
1
= ` 60 ∴ Remaining bananas =  40 − 2  dozens

60  2
Profit % = × 100
180 1
3 = 37 dozens
100 1 2
= = 33 % 300
3 3 ∴ SP of remaining bananas/dozen = `
1
14. CP of 12 dozen eggs = 12 × 9 37
2
= ` 108  300 
1 1 = 
SP of 10 dozen eggs = 12 × 10  75/ 2 
2 2
2
21 = 300 ×
= 12 × 75
2
=`8
= 6 × 21
20. CP of 10 eggs = ` 8
= ` 126
8
∴ Profit = ` (126 − 108) " " 1 eggs = `
10
= ` 18
18 2 " " 8 eggs = ` 10
Profit % = × 100 = 16 % 10
108 3 " " 1 egg = `
6 8

42 Mathematica-7
 10 8 8x − 6x
∴ gain = `  −  =
 8 10  48
100 − 64 2x x
= = =
80 48 24
36 x
=
80 ∴ Profit % = 24 × 100
36 x
8
∴ gain % = 80 × 100 x 8
8 = × × 100
10 24 x
36 10 100
= × × 100 =
80 8 3
3600 1
= ∴ gain % = 33 %
64 3
1 25. SP of 12 oranges = 10 − 10 % of 10
gain % = 56 %
4 10
= 10 − × 10
21. CP of 12 oranges= 26 100
SP of 5 oranges = 13 = 10 − 1
13 = `9
" 1 " = he sold oranges at ` 9 /dozen
5
13
" 12 " = × 12
5
= ` 31.20
M C Q
gain = ` ( 31.20 − 26) 1 4 7 or 4 × 3
= ` 5.20 1. or ⇒
3 7 21
5.20 7 or 12
gain % = × 100 ⇒
26 21
= 20 % 1 4
22. CP of Mangoes = 28 × 5.50 + 28 × 6.50 ∴ <
3 7
= 154 + 182 2. 6 : p :: 3 : 5
= ` 336 Product of means = Product of extremes
SP of Mangoes = ` ( 56 × 7.50) 3p = 6 × 5
gain = ` 420 6× 5
p=
= ` ( 420 − 336) 3
= ` 84 p = 10
84 3. Let third proportion be x
gain % = × 100
336 ∴ 9 : 12 :: 12 : x
= 25 % Product of extremes = Product of means
23. SP to get 20% gain = 1 + 20 % of 1 x = 12 × 12
144
20 x=
= 1+ ×1 9
100
x = 16
= 1 + 0.20 ∴ third proportion is 16
SP of 6 toffees = ` 1.20 4. Let mean proportion be x
6
SP of toffees = ` 1 ∴ 0.4 : x = x : 0.9
1.20 Product of means = Product of extremes
SP of 5 toffees = `1 x × x = 0.4 × 0.9
24. Let SP of 6 books = x x 2 = 0.36
x
∴ " 1 book = x = 0.36
6
x = 0.6
∴ CP of 8 books = x 5
x 5. Ritu's share = × 380
" 1 book = 3+2+ 5
8
x x 5
∴ Profit = − = × 380
6 8 10
Ritu's share = ` 190

Mathematica-7 43
 6. 12 books costs = ` 96 9. 63 men can do work in 68 days
96 1 " " = 68 × 63 days
1 " " =` 68 × 63
12 51 " " = days
8 51
96 = 84 days
20 " " =` × 20 = 160
12 10. Let x % of 20 = 24
7. 30 km travelled in 75 minutes x
1 " " 75 " × 20 = 24
100
75 24 × 100
80 " " = × 80 " x=
30 20
= 200 minutes
8.
1
m of cloth costs = ` 50
Vector ∴ F120% actor x =
Inverse
120%
of 20 = 24 Algebra

×+5
2 80
1 " " = 50 × 2 11. 80% of 95 = × 95
100
2 2
1 " " = 50 × 2 × 1 ∴ 80% of 95 = 76
5 5
2 7
= ` 100 × = ` 140
5
5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

7 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Algebraic Expressions And Identities
×+5
Adding like terms
E xercise-7. 1 3 1
2  2
1
×+5
3
=  + 3 −  x 2 y +  − + 2 +  xy
2 2
1. 2 2
(a) 3x + − 7x + 5x 2  3 + 6 − 1 2  − 1 + 4 + 3 
=  x y+  xy
 2   2 
= x2 ( 3 − 7 + 5 )
8 6
= x 2 ( 8 − 7) =   x 2 y +   xy
 2  2
= 1x 2
4 −1 2 2 1 2 2 = 4x 2 y + 3 xy
(b) − 2x 2 y 2 + x 2 y 2 + x y + x y
3 6 3 (e) 2x 2 + ( − 3 y 2 + 4 z 2 ) + ( 2 y 2 − 3x2 + 4 z 2 )
4 1 1 + ( 2 y 2 − 3x 2 + 4 z 2 )
=  − 2 + − +  x 2 y 2
 3 6 3
= ( 2 − 3 − 3) x 2 + ( − 3 + 2 + 2) y 2
 − 12 + 8 − 1 + 2  2 2
= x y
 6  + (4 + 4 + 4 ) z 2

=
− 13 + 10 2 2
x y = ( 2 − 6) x 2 + ( − 3 + 4 ) y 2 + 12z 2
6
−3 2 2 = − 4x 2 + 1y 2 + 12z 2
= x y 2 1 2
6 (f)  3x2 + x + 1 +  − 5x 2 − x + 
1  3   4 5
= − x2 y2
5 7
2 +  2x 2 − x − 
(c) ( 2x − 2 y ) + ( 3 y 2 − 7x 2 ) + 5x 2 − y 2
2 2  12 5
= ( 2 − 7 + 5) x 2 + ( − 2 − 7 − 1) y 2 Adding like terms
2 1 5
= 0x 2 + ( − 10) y 2 = ( 3 − 5 + 2) x 2 +  − −  x
 3 4 12 
= − 10 y 2 2 7
3 1 +  1 + − 
(d)  x 2 y − xy x 2 y + ( 3x 2 y + 2xy )  5 5
2 2   8 − 3 − 5   5 + 2 − 7
= 0x2 +   x+ 
1 3
+  − x 2 y + 2 + xy  12   5 
 2 2 

44 Mathematica-7
 0
= 0x 2 +   x +
0 = − 2a 2 + 4a − 1
 12  5 (h) ( 2z 2 − 3x 2 + 4 y 2 ) − ( 2x 2 + 3 y 2 − 4 z 2 )
= 0+ 0+ 0
= 2z 2 − 3x 2 + 4 y 2 − 2x 2 − 3 y 2 + 4 z 2
=0
(g) ( 6a 2 + 5b 2 − 2c 2 ) + ( − 3a 2 − 5b 2 − 5c 2 ) + 2a 2 = ( − 3 − 2) x 2 + ( 4 − 3) y 2 + ( 2 + 4 ) z 2
= − 5x 2 + 1y 2 + 6z 2
= ( 6 − 3 + 2) a 2 + ( 5 − 5) b 2 + ( − 2 − 5) c 2
(i) 0 − ( 2a + 3b 2 − 4c 2 )
2

= 5a 2 + 0b 2 + ( − 7) c 2 = − 2a 2 − 3b 2 + 4c 2
(j) ( 2a 2 + 3b 2 − 4c 2 ) − 0
= 5a 2 − 7c 2
(h) ( a + 2b − c + d ) + ( 2 − d + 3c + a ) = 2a 2 + 3b 2 − 4c 2
+ ( 5b − 2c + 3 − d ) (k) 1 − ( 3 + 2x + 3 y − z )
= (1 + 1) a + ( 2 + 5) b + ( − 1 + 3 − 2) c = 1 − 3 − 2x − 3 y + z
+ (1 − 1 − 1) d + ( 2 + 3 ) = − 2 − 2x − 3 y + z
(l) ( 3 + 2x + 3 y − z ) − 1
= 2a + 7b + 0c − 1d + 5
= 2 + 2x + 3 y − z − 1
= 2a + 7b − 1d + 5
= 2 + 2x + 3 y − z
2. (a) 3x2 − ( − 7x 2 )
3. (a) We know to find
= 3x 2 + 7x 2 [ ( 3 + 4 z + 3 y − x ) + ( 3x + 2 y − 3z + 2)]
= 10x 2 − [ 3x + 4 y − 2z ]
1 = 3 + 4 z + 3 y − x + 3x + 2 y − 3z + 2
(b) − 2x 2 y 2 − x 2 y 2 − 3x − 4 y + 2z
6
= ( − 1 + 3 − 3) x + ( 3 + 2 − 4 ) y
1
=  − 2 −  x 2 y 2 + ( 4 + 2 − 3) z + ( 3 + 2)
 6 = − 1x + 1 y + 3z + 5
 − 12 − 1 2 2 (b) [( 5x 2 − 2x ) + ( 3x 2 − x + 3)] − [( 3x 2 + 2x − 1)
= x y
 6 
+ ( − 2x 2 + 3x − 5)]
− 13 2 2
= x y = (5x 2 − 2x + 3x 2 − x + 3 − 3x 2 − 2x + 1
6
(c) (a + b ) − (− a − b ) + 2x 2 − 3x + 5
=a+b+a+b = ( 5 + 3 − 3 + 2 ) x 2 + ( −2 − 1 − 2 − 3 ) x
= 2a + 2b + ( 3 + 1 + 5)
(d) (a + b ) − (a + b ) = 7x 2 − 8x + 9
= a+ b − a − b
4. (a) ( a 2 − b 2 ) − ( 2a 2 − 2b 2 )
=0
(e) ( x 2 + y 2 + 2xy ) − ( x 2 + y 2 − 2xy ) = a 2 − b 2 − 2a 2 + 2b 2
= x 2 + y 2 + 2xy − x 2 − y 2 + 2xy = (1 − 2) a 2 + ( − 1 + 2) b 2
= 4xy = − 1a 2 + 1b 2
1 2
(f)  2x − y + 3 − ( x 2 + y 2 )
 2 (b) ( 2a 2 − 2b 2 ) − ( a 2 − b 2 )
 2 
= 2a 2 − 2b 2 − a 2 + b 2
1
= 2x 2 − y 2 + 3 − x 2 − y 2 = ( 2 − 1) a 2 + ( − 2 + 1) b 2
2
1 = 1a 2 − 1b 2
= ( 2 − 1) x 2 +  − − 1 y 2 + 3 1
 2  (c) ( x + y ) − ( 2 + x − 2 y )
 − 1− 2 2 2
= 1x 2 +   y +3 1
 2  = x + y − 1 − x + 1y
3 2
= 1x 2 − y 2 + 3  1
2 =  1 −  x + (1 + 1) y − 1
1  2 1  2
(g)  − a + 2a −  −  a − 2a + 
 2
1
 2  2 = x + 2y −1
1 1 2
= − a 2 + 2a − − a 2 + 2a − (d) [ 5z − ( x + 2 y )] − [ 3x − ( y − 2z )]
2 2
= [ 5z − x − 2 y] − [ 3x − y + 2z ]
1 1
= ( − 1 − 1) a 2 + ( 2 + 2)a +  − −  = 5z − x − 2 y − 3x + y − 2z
 2 2
= ( − 1 − 3)x + ( − 2 + 1) y + ( 5 − 2) z

Mathematica-7 45
 = − 4x − 1y + 3z
 1 2 1 2 1 2  1 3 2 5 2 7 2 
(e)  x + y + z  − + x + y + z (d) ( 3 x 4 y 6 ) ( − 4x 3 y 3 ) ( x 6 y 2 )
2 2 2   2 2 2 2  = (3 × − 4 ) x 4 + 3+ 6
y6 + 3+ 2
1 1 1 1 3 5 7
= x 2 + y 2 + z2 − − x 2 − y 2 − z 2 = − 12x13 y11
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 1 3 2  1 5 2  1 7 2 1 (e) ( 0. 5 a 45 ) (1.5 b 21 c 32 ) ( − 0. 01a12 b 60 c 42 )
= − x + −  y + −  z −
 2 2  2 2  2 2 2 = ( 0. 5 × 1.5 × − 0.01) ( a 45 + 12 b 21 + 60
c 32 + 42

 1− 3 2  1− 5 2  1− 7 2 1 57 81 74
=  x +  y +  z − = − 0.0075 a b c
 2   2   2  2 1 − 3 2   3 2 2 2
−2 2 4 2 6 2 1 (f)  ab 2   a b  − a b c 
= x − y − z − 3  4  5 
2 2 2 2
 1 − 3 − 3 1 + 2+ 2
1 = × × a b2 + 1 + 2 c2
= − 1x 2 − 2 y 2 − 3z 2 − 3 4 5
2
3 5 5 2
= a b c
E xercise-7. 2 3.
20
(a) ( 4 p 3 × 3 p 4 ) × ( − p 5 )
= − 4 × 3 × p3 + 4+ 5
1. (a) 3 × 2a = 6a
= − 12 p12
(b) 2 y × 5 y = 10 y 2
= − 12 (1)12
(c) 6x × ( − 2xy ) = − 12x 2 y
= − 12 × 1
(d) − 3xy × ( − 4xy ) = 12x 2 y 2 = − 12
(e) 2a 2 × ( − 3ab ) = − 6a 3 b (b) ( p 2 × 3 p 3 ) × ( − 8 p 5 )
6 6 = ( 3 × − 8) p 2 + 3+ 5
(f) ab × 2b 2 × 0 = ab × 0
5 5 = − 24 p10
−5 9 −5 + 9
(g) a × a = a = a4 = − 24 (1)10
2 2 3 3 2
(h) a bc × ab c = a b c = − 24 × 1
(i) − b x 3 y 2 × ( − ax 4 y ) = − 24
(c) ( − 3 pq ) × ( − 2 pq )
= + ab x 7 y 3
= ( − 3 × − 2) p 2 q 2
(j) − 2abc × − 3b 2 = 6ab 3 c
= 6 (1) 2 ( − 1) 2
5  − 3 4 9 
2. (a)  x 5   y   xy = 6 × 1× 1
 6   10  5  =6
 3  2 2   3 2
5 − 3 9 5 + 1 4 + 1 (d)  − pq  ×  − qp 
= × × x y  3   2 
6 10 5 
2   2 − 3 3 3
= − ×  p q
9 6 5  3 2 
=− x y
20 = 1 (1) 3 ( − 1) 3
6 11
(b) ( − 2x 6 y )  xy 4   x 3 y 3  = 1× 1× −1
 22   12  = −1
2
 
6 11 6 + 1 + 4. (a) ( − 3x ) ( 4xy 3 )  − x 3 
2
= − 2× × x 3
y1 + 4+ 3  3 
 22 12 
 2  2
2 =  − 3 × 4 × −  x 2 + 1 + 3
y3
1 10 8  3
=− x y
2 = 8x 6 y 3
1 2  2   4
(c)  − x   − y  − xyz 
 6
3
 3  3  5  = 8   ( 3) 3
 4
 1 − 2 − 4 2 + 1 1+ 1 3× 3× 3× 3× 3× 3× 3× 3× 3
= − × × x y z = 8×
 3 3 5 4×4×4×4×4×4
−8 3 2 2
= x y z 19683
45 =
512
46 Mathematica-7
  − 8 p 3  ( 2q 4 )  − 8 pq 4 2 3+ 8
(b)     − 12 × a 3
b 2 = − 3a 2 ×   a 4 b 2
 6   3  3  3
  8
8 8 − 8a 6 b 2 =  − 3 ×  a 2 + 4 b 2
=  − × 2 × −  p 3+ 1 q 4 + 1  3
 6 3
 3  − 8 a 6 b 2 = − 8a 6 b 2
64 4 5 (b) To prove,
= p q
9
4
64  3  5 ( − 2 pqr2 × 3 pq2 r ) × 4 pqr = − 2 pqr 2 × ( 3 pq 2 r × 4 p 2 qr )
=   ( 3)
9  8 − 6 p 2 q 3 r 3 × 4 p 2 qr = − 2 pqr 2 × (12 p 3 q 3 r 2 )
64 3 3 3
= × × × × 3× 3× 3× 3× 3 − 24 p 4 q 4 r 4 = − 24 p 4 q 4 r 4
9 8 8 8
729 8. (a) 3a ( a − 3) = 3a 2 − 9a
=
8 (b) − 3x 2 ( 2x + 7) = − 6x 3 − 21x2
(c) ( 2x 5 ) ( − 6xy 2 ) ( 9 xy ) (c) 10 y ( 0. 02 x 2 − 0.02 y )
5 + 1+ 1 2+1
= ( 2 × − 6 × 9) x y = 0.2 x 2 y − 0.2 y 2
7 3
= − 108 x y (d) 3a 3 ( 6a + 7) = 18a 4 + 21a 3
7 3
= − 108 ( 2) ( 4 ) 3 3 3
(e) a ( a 3 + b 3 ) = a 4 + ab 3
4 4 4
= − 108 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 4 × 4 × 4 (f) 0.2 s ( 0.02 s + 0.002 r )
= − 884736 = 0.004 s 2 + 0. 0004 rs
 2 2 3 2   6 2
5.  − ab   a c  − c 
 c  8   11  (g) 3a 2 ( 2a 4 − 4 )
= 6a 4 − 12a 2
 3 − 6   ab 2 
= − 2× ×  × a2 c × c2  (h) 2x 3 ( 2x 2 − 4 y 2 )
 8 11  c 
9 3 2 = 4x 5 − 8x 3 y 2
= a b c 2 3 3
22 (i) − x  x + y
9 3 4 8 
= ( − 1) 3 ( − 1) 2 ( − 1)
22 1 1
= − x 2 − yx
9 2 4
= × − 1× × − 1
22 (j) 1.5 a ( 0.5 a 2 − 1.5 b 2 )
9
= = 0.75 a 3 − 2.25 ab 2
22
6. (a) To prove, (k) 3.4 p ( 7 q − 0.3 r )
= 23.8 pq − 1.02 pr
3x 2 × 4xy = 4xy × 3x 2
(l) 0.01a ( 0.1a + 0.001b )
12 x 3 y = 12 x 3 y
= 0.001a 2 + 0.00001ab
(b) To prove,
9. (a) 32a 2 (1 − 2a )
3 p 6 × ( − 4q 2 ) = ( − 4q 2 ) ( 3 p 6 )
= 32a 2 − 64a 3
− 12 p 6 q 2 = − 12 p 6 q 2
(c) To prove, = 32 ( 2) 2 − 64 ( 2) 3
3 4 4 3 = 32 ( 4 ) − 64 ( 8)
− pq2 × p2 qr = p 2 qr × − pq 2 = 128 − 512
8 9 9 8
  = − 384
3 4 4 3
− × p1 + 2 q 2 + 1 r =  × −  p 2 + 1 q1+ 2 r (b) ab ( a − b 3 )
3
8 9  9 8
2 3 3 2 = a 4 b − ab 4
1
− p3q3r = − p3q3r
1 = ( 2) 4 ( 0.5) − 2 ( 0.5) 4
6 6 = 16 ( 0.5) − 2 ( 0.0625)
7. (a) To prove, = 8.0 − 0.1250
2 2
( − 3a 2 × 4ab 2 ) × a 3 = − 3a 2 ×  4ab 2 × a 3  = 7.8750
3  3  (c) ( 3 − 5a ) ( − 6bc )
3 2 2 3 2  2 1 + 3 2 = − 18 bc + 30 abc
− 12a b × a = − 3a ×  4 ×  a b = − 18 ( 0.5) ( 0.1) + 30 ( 2) ( 0.5) ( 0.1)
3  3
Mathematica-7 47
 = − 18 ( 0.05) + 30 ( 0.1) ∴ LHS = RHS
= − 0.90 + 3.0 (b) To prove,
= 2.10 3 1 1 3
ab  a 2 − b 2 + 4 =  a 2 − b 2 + 4 ab
10. (a) x 2 (1 + y 2 − 2xy ) 4  2   2  4
= x 2 + x 2 y 2 − 2x 3 y
3 1
= ( − 1) 2 + ( − 1) 2 ( − 2) 2 − 2 ( − 1) 3 ( − 2) LHS ab  a 2 − b 2 + 4
=
4  2 
= 1 + 1 ( 4 ) − 2 ( − 1) ( − 2)
3 3
= 1+ 4 − 4 = a 3 b − ab 3 + 2ab
=1 4 8
1 2 3
(b) 3xy ( x 2 + y 2 + 4 ) RHS =  a − b + 4 ab
 2
 2  4
= 3x 3 y + 3xy 3 + 12xy 3 3
= a 3 b − ab 3 + 3ab
= 3 ( − 1) 3 ( − 2) + 3 ( − 1) ( − 2) 3 + 12 ( − 1) ( − 2) 4 8
= 3 ( − 1) ( − 2) + 3 ( − 1) ( − 8) + 12 ( 2) ∴ LHS = RHS
= 6 + 24 + 24 12. (a) 2a ( a 2 + b 2 ) − 2 b 2 ( b + a ) + 2
= 54
= 2a 3 + 2ab 2 − 2b 3 − 2ab 2 + 2
3
(c) − 12 yz .3  4 yz 2 + y 2 z 2  = 2a 3 − 2b 2 + 2
 4 
= − 48 y 2 z 2 − 9 y 3 z 5 (b) x ( x + 1) − x ( x 2 + 1) − x 3
2

= − 48 ( − 2) 2 (1) 5 − 9 ( − 2) 3 (1) 5 = x3 + x2 − x3 − x − x3
= − 48 ( 4 ) (1) − 9 ( − 8) (1) = x2 − x − x3
= − 192 + 72 (c) x2 ( 3x 3 − 2x 2 + 1) − x ( x 4 − 2x 3 + x )
= − 120
4 2 2 3 2 9 = 3x 5 − 2x 4 + x 2 − x 5 + 2x 4 − x 2
(d) − x z  x z − xz 2 
27  2 4  = 3x 5 − x 5 − 2x 4 + 2x 4 + x 2 − x 2
4 3 4 3 4 9 3 4 = 2x 5
=− × x z + × x z
27 2 27 4 (d) a 3 ( b 3 − c 3 ) + b 3 ( c 3 − a 3 ) + c 3 ( a 3 − b 3 )
2 1
= − x4 z 3 + x3 z 4 = a3 b3 − a3 c3 + b3 c3 − b3 a3 + c3 a3 − c3 b3
9 3
2 1 =0
= − ( − 1) (1) 3 + ( − 1) 3 (1) 4
4
(e) a 2 b ( b 2 − 2a ) + a ( b − a 2 b ) − b ( a + 2a 3 )
9 3
2 1
= − × 1× 1+ × − 1× 1 = a 2 b 3 − 2a 3 b + ab − a 3 b − ab − 2a 3 b
9 3 = a 2 b 3 − 2a 3 b − a 3 b − 2a 3 b
2 1
=− − = a 2 b 3 − 5a 3 b
9 3
− 2− 3 5 1 1
= (f) x ( x 2 − x 3 ) − x 2 ( x 3 − x ) + x 3 (1 − x 2 )
9 9 3 3
5 5 3 5 4 1 5 1 3 1 3 1 5
=− = x − x − x + x + x − x
9 9 9 3 3 3 3
5 3 1 3 1 3 5 4 1 5 1 5
11. (a) To prove, = x + x + x − x − x − x
 9 3 3 9 3 3
x 1  x 1
1.25 xy  x + +  = x + +  × 1.25 xy  5 1 1 3 5 4  1 1 5
 0.5 y y   0.5 y y  = + +  x − x − +  x
 9 3 3 9  3 3
 x 1  5 + 3 + 3 3 5 4 2 5
LHS = 1.25 xy  x + +  = x − x − x
 0.5 y y   9  9 3
1.25 11 3 5 4 2 5
= 1.25 x 2 y + x 2 + 1.25 x 2 = x − x − x
0.5 y 9 9 3
= 1.25 x 2 y + 2.5 x 2 + 1.25 x (g) 2a 2 b ( a 3 − a + 1) − ab ( 2a 4 − 2a2 + a )
 x 1 − ab ( a 3 + a + 1)
RHS = x + +  × 1.25 xy
 0.5 y y  = 2a 5 b − 2a 3 b + 2a 2 b − 2a 5 b + 2a 3 b
1.25 2 − a 2 b − a 4 b − a 2 b − ab
= 1.25 x 2 y + x + 1.25x
0.5 = 2a 5 b − 2a 5 b − 2a 3 b + 2a 3 b + 2a 2 b − a 2 b
= 1.25 x 2 y + 2.5 x 2 + 1.25 x − a 2 b − a 4 b − ab

48 Mathematica-7
 = − a 4 b − ab 7q + 4 p 4
(h) x 3 y ( x 2 − 2x + 5) + 2xy ( x 3 − 2x 2 + 3 y ) 21 pq − 7q 3
5 4 3 4 3 2
= x y − 2x y + 5x y + 2x y − 4x y + 6xy 12 p 5 − 4 p 4 q2
5 3 2
= x y + x y + 6xy 12 p 5 + 21pq − 7q 3 − 4 p 4 q 2

E xercise-7. 3 Horizontal Method

= ( 3 p − q 2 ) ( 7q + 4 p 4 )

1. (a) Vertical Method : = 3 p ( 7q + 4 p 4 ) − q2 ( 7q + 4 p 4 )

2 a 3 + 3b = 21pq + 12 p 5 − 7q 3 − 4 p 4 q 2
× 6a − 4 b 2 = 12 p 5 + 21pq − 7q 3 − 4 p 4 q 2
2. (a) ( 3x − 7 y ) ( 7x + 2 y )
12a 4 + 18 ab
= 3x ( 7x + 2 y ) − 7 y ( 7x + 2 y )
− 8a 3 b 2 − 12 b 3
= 21x 2 + 6xy − 49xy − 14 y 2
− 8a 3 b 2 + 12a 4 + 18ab − 12b 3 = 21x 2 − 43xy − 14 y 2
Horizontal Method : (b) ( 4a + 3b ) ( 6b − 5a )
= 4a ( 6b − 5a ) + 3b ( 6b − 5a )
= ( 2a 3 + 3b ) ( 6a − 4b 2 )
= 24 ab − 20a 2 + 18b 2 − 15ab
= 2a 3 ( 6a − 4b 2 ) + 3 b ( 6a − 4b 2 )
= 24 ab − 15ab − 20a 2 + 18b 2
= 12a 4 − 8a 3 b + 18ab − 12b 3 = 9ab − 20a 2 + 18b 2
= − 8a 3 b + 12a 4 + 18ab − 12b 3 (c) ( 3q 2 − 2) ( 5q 2 − 1)
(b) Vertical Method
= 3q 2 ( 5q 2 − 1) − 2 ( 5q 2 − 1)
6 p5 − 5p2
= 15q 4 − 3q 2 − 10q 2 + 2
4 p + 7q
= 15q 4 − 13q 2 + 2
6 3
24 p − 20 p (d) ( x 5 − y 5 ) ( x5 + y 5 )
5 2
42 p q − 35 p q = x 5 (x 5 + y 5 ) − y 5 (x 5 + y 5 )
5 6 3 2
42 p q + 24 p − 20 p − 35 p q = x10 + x 5 y 5 − x 5 y 5 − y10
Horizontal Method = x10 − y10
= ( 6 p 5 − 5 p 2 ) ( 4 p + 7q ) (e) [ 2 p − q][ 2 p + q]
= 2 p (2 p + q ) − q (2 p + q )
= 6 p 5 ( 4 p − 5 p 2 ) − 5 p 2 ( 4 p + 7q )
= 4 p 2 + 2 pq − 2 pq − q 2
= 24 p 6 + 42 p 5 q − 20 p 3 − 35 p 2 q
= 4 p2 − q2
= 42 p 5 q + 24 p 6 − 20 p 3 − 35 p 2 q
(f) ( 4a − 5b 6 ) ( 3a 6 − 2b 6 )
6

(c) Vertical Method = 4a 6 ( 3a 6 − 2b 6 ) − 5 b 6 ( 3a 6 − 2b 6 )

8 a 2 b + 5ab 2
= 12a12 − 8a 6 b 6 − 15a 6 b 6 + 10b12
6 ab − a 2 b 3
= 12a12 − 23a 6 b 6 + 10b12
3 2 2 3
48 a b + 30 a b (g) ( a − 3b ) ( 3b − a )
4 4
− 8a b − 5a 3 b 5 = a ( 3b − a ) − 3b ( 3b − a )
= 3ab − a 2 − 9b 2 + 3ab
− 8a 4 b 4 + 48a 3 b 2 + 30 a 2 b 3 − 5a 3 b 5
= 6ab − a 2 − 9b 2
Horizontal Method : 1 2
(h)  a − b  a + b
= ( 8a 2 b + 5ab 2 ) ( 6ab − a 2 b 3 ) 3  5 
= 8a 2 b ( 6ab − a 2 b 3 ) + 5ab 2 ( 6ab − a 2 b 3 ) 1 2 2
= a  a + b − b  a + b
3 5  5 
= 48a 3 b 2 − 8a 4 b 4 + 30a 2 b 3 − 5a 3 b 5
2 2 ab 2 2
= − 8a 4 b 4 + 48a 3 b 2 + 30a 2 b 3 − 5a 3 b 5 = a + − ab − b
15 3 5
(d) Vertical Method 2 5ab − 6ab
= a2 + − b2
3 p − q2 15 15

Mathematica-7 49
 2 2 ab 4 2 10 10 25 2
= a − − b2 = x + xy + xy + y
15 15 9 21 21 49
(i) ( 8a − 4b ) ( 2a + b ) 4 20 25 2
= x2 + xy + y
= 8a ( 2a + b ) − 4b ( 2a + b ) 9 21 49
= 16a 2 + 8ab − 8 ab − 4b 2 (d) ( 4a + 3ab ) ( 4a + 3ab )
= 16a 2 − 4b 2 = 4a ( 4a + 3ab ) + 3ab ( 4a + 3ab )
1 = 16a 2 + 12a 2 b + 12a 2 b + 9a 2 b 2
3. (a) ( 2a 3 − 3b 2 ) ( 3a 2 − 2b )
3 = 16a2 + 24a2 b + 9a 2 b 2
1 (e) ( 3 p − 2q ) ( 3 p − 2q )
= [ 2a 3 ( 3a 5 − 2b ) − 3b 2 ( 3a 2 − 2b )]
3 = 3 p ( 3 p − 2q ) − 2q ( 3 p − 2q )
1
= [ 6a 5 − 4a 3 b − 9a 2 b 2 + 6b 3 ] = 9 p 2 − 6 pq − 6 pq + 4q 2
3 = 9 p 2 − 12 pq + 4q 2
4
= 25a 5 − a 3 b − 3a 2 b 2 + 2b 3 (f) ( 4x − 5 y ) ( 4x − 5 y )
3
= 4x ( 4x − 5 y ) − 5 y ( 4x − 5 y )
(b) ( 3x − 2 y ) ( 4x 2 − y 2 )
2
= 16x 2 − 20xy − 20xy + 25 y 2
= 3x 2 ( 4x 2 − y 2 ) − 2 y ( 4x 2 − y 2 )
= 16x 2 − 40xy + 25 y 2
4 2 2 2 3
= 12x − 3x y − 8x y + 2 y (g) [ 2a + ( − 3b )] [ 2a + ( − 3b )]
= 12x 4 − 3x 2 y 2 − 8x 2 y + 2 y 3 = ( 2a − 3b ) ( 2a − 3b )
(c) [ 3x + ( − y )] ( − x + y 2 ) = 2a ( 2a − 3b ) − 3 b ( 2a − 3b )
= 4a 2 − 6ab − 6ab + 9b 2
= ( 3x − y ) ( − x + y 2 )
= 4a 2 − 12ab + 9b 2
= 3x ( − x + y 2 ) − y ( − x + y 2 )
(h) ( 6qr − 5rs ) ( 6qr − 5rs )
= − 3x 2 + 3xy 2 + xy − y 3
= 6qr ( 6qr − 5rs ) − 5rs ( 6qr − 5rs )
= − 3x2 + 3xy 2 + xy − y 3 = 36q 2 r 2 − 30qr 2 s − 30 qr 2 s + 25r 2 s 2
(d) ( 4 y − 3x 2 ) ( 6x 3 − y 3 ) = 36q 2 r 2 − 60qr 2 s + 25r 2 s 2
= 4 y ( 6x 3 − y 3 ) − 3x 2 ( 6x 3 − y 3 ) 5. (a) ( x 2 + 2x + 32) ( x2 − 2)
= 24x 3 y − 4 y 4 − 18x 5 + 3x 2 y 3 = x 2 ( x 2 − 2) + 2x ( x 2 − 2) + 3 ( x 2 − 2)
= − 18x 5 + 24x 3 y + 3x 2 y 3 − 4 y 4 = x 4 − 2x 2 + 2x 3 − 4x + 3x 2 − 6
(e) ( p 2 q 2 + 3) ( 3 p − 5q ) = x 4 − 2x 2 + 3x 2 + 2x 3 − 4x − 6
= p 2 q2 ( 3 p − 5q ) + 3 ( 5 p − 15q ) = x 4 + x 2 + 2x 3 − 4x − 6
= 3 p 3 q 2 − 5 p 2 q 3 + 9 p − 15q (b) ( 4x − 3 y + 4 ) ( 2x − 3)
(f) ( a 2 + ab ) ( b 2 + ab ) = 4x ( 2x − 3) − 3 y ( 2x − 3) + 4 ( 2x − 3)
= a 2 ( b 2 + ab ) + ab ( b 2 + ab ) = 8x 2 − 12x − 6xy + 9 y + 8x − 12
= a 2 b 2 + a 3 b + ab 3 + a 2 b 2 = 8x 2 − 12x + 8x − 6xy + 9 y − 12
= 2a 2 b 2 + a 3 b + ab 3 = 8x 2 − 4x − 6xy + 9 y 2 − 12
3 2 2 3
= a b + 2a b + ab (c) ( x 2 − xy + y 2 ) ( x + y )
2 2
4. (a) ( 2a + 3b ) ( 2a + 3b )
= x 2 ( x + y ) − xy ( x + y ) + y 2 ( x + y )
2 2 2
= 2a ( 2a + 3b ) + 3b ( 2a + 3b ) = x 3 + x 2 y − x 2 y − xy 2 + y 2 x + y 3
4 2 2 2
= 4a + 6a b + 6a b + 9b = x3 + y3
4 2 2
= 4a + 12a b + 9b (d) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) ( x − y )
(b) ( − 4 p + 7q ) ( − 4 p + 7q )
= x 2 ( x − y ) + xy ( x − y ) + y 2 ( x − y )
= − 4 p ( − 4 p + 7q ) + 7q ( − 4 p + 7q )
= + 16 p 2 − 28 pq − 28 pq + 49q 2 = x 3 − x 2 y + x 2 y − xy 2 + xy 2 − y 3
= 16 p 2 − 56 pq + 49 q 2 = x3 − y3
 2 x + 5 y  2 x + 5 y (e) ( x + 4 ) ( x − 4 ) ( x − 1)
(c)   
3 7  3 7  = ( x + 4 ) [ x 2 − x − 4x + 4 ]
2 2 5 5 2 5 = ( x + 4 ) [ x 2 − 5x + 4]
= x  x + y + y  x + y
3 3 7  7 3 7  = x ( x 2 − 5x + 4 ) + 4 ( x 2 − 5x + 4 )

50 Mathematica-7
 = x 3 − 5x 2 + 4x + 4x 2 − 20x + 16 = 4a 4 + 9b 2 + 12a 2 b
= x 3 − 5x 2 + 4x 2 + 4x − 20x + 16 (b) ( 4 p + 7q ) ( 4 p + 7q ) = ( 4 p + 7q ) 2
= x 3 − x 2 − 16x + 16 = ( 4 p ) 2 + ( 7q ) 2 + 2 ( 4 p ) ( 7q )
(f) ( 2x − 5) ( 5 − 2x ) ( x + 1) = 16 p 2 + 49q 2 + 56 pq
= ( 2x − 5) [ 5x + 5 − 2x 2 − 2x] 2 5 2 5 2 5
2
2 (c)  x + y  x + y =  x + y
= ( 2x − 5) ( − 2x + 3x + 5) 3 7   3 7   3 7 
= 2x ( − 2x 2 + 3x + 5) − 5 ( − 2x 2 + 3x + 5) 2
2
5
2
2 5
=  x +  y + 2  x  y
= − 4x 3 + 6x2 + 10x + 10x 2 − 15x − 25 3  7  3  7 
= − 4x 3 + 6x 2 + 10x 2 + 10x − 15x − 25 4 25 2 20
= x2 + y + xy
9 49 21
= − 4x 3 + 16x 2 − 5x − 25
(e) ( 3x − 2 y ) ( 3x − 2 y ) = ( 3x − 2 y ) 2
6. (a) ( 2 y + 3) ( y − 2) − ( 5 y + 3) ( y − 2)
= ( 3x ) 2 + ( 2 y ) 2 − 2 ( 3x ) ( 2 y )
= [ 2 y ( y − 2) + 3 ( y − 2) ] − [ 5 y ( y − 2) + 3 ( y − 2)]
= 9x 2 + 4 y 2 − 12xy
= [ 2 y 2 − 4 y + 3 y − 6] − [ 5 y 2 − 10 y + 3 y − 6]
(f) ( 4a − 5b ) ( 4a − 5b ) = ( 4a − 5b ) 2
= [ 2 y 2 − y − 6] − [ 5 y 2 − 7 y − 6]
= ( 4a ) 2 + ( 5b ) 2 − 2 ( 4a ) ( 5b )
= 2y2 − y − 6 − 5y2 + 7y + 6
= 16a 2 + 25b 2 − 40 ab
= 2y2 − 5y2 − y + 7y 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
= − 3y + 6y 2 (g)  x + y  x + y =  x + y
2 5  2 5  2 5 
(b) ( 3x − 4 y ) ( x + y ) + ( 5x + 7 y ) ( x − y ) 2 2
1 1 1 1
=  x +  y + 2 × x × y
= [ 3x ( x + y ) − 4 y ( x + y )] + [ 5x ( x − y ) + 7 y ( x − y )] 2  5  2 5
= [ 3x 2 + 3xy − 4xy − 4 y 2 ] 1 2 1 2 1
= x + y + xy
4 25 5
+ [ 5x 2 − 5xy + 7xy − 7 y 2 ] 2
1 1 1
= [ 3x 2 − xy − 4 y 2 ] + [ 5x 2 − 5xy + 7xy − 7 y 2 ] (h)  a +   a +  =  a + 
 a  a  a
= 3x 2 − xy − 4 y 2 + 5x 2 + 2xy − 7 y 2 1 1
= a2 + + 2 ( a )  
= 3x 2 + 5x 2 − xy + 2xy − 4 y 2 − 7 y 2 a 2  a 
= 8x 2 + xy − 11y 2 =a + 2 1
+2
(c) ( 3x + 4 y ) ( 3x − 4 y ) − ( 3x + 4 y ) 2 a2
2
1 1 1
= [ 3x ( 3x − 4 y ) + 4 y ( 3x − 4 y )] (i)  x −   x −  =  x − 
− [( 3x ) 2 + ( 4 y ) 2 + 2 ( 3x ) ( 4 y )]  x  x  x
1 1
= [ 9x 2 − 12xy + 12xy − 16 y 2 ] = x2 + − 2 ( x )  
x2  x
− [ 9x 2 + 16 y 2 + 24xy] 1
2
=x + −2
= 9x − 16 y − 9x 2 − 16 y 2 − 24xy
2 2
x2
= − 32 y 2 − 24 xy 1
2
2. (a)  2 f 2 + g 2 
(d) ( 5a − 3) ( a + 4 ) − ( 2a + 5) ( 3a − 4 )  3 
= [ 5a ( a + 4 ) − 3 ( a + 4 )] 2
1 1
− [ 2a ( 3a − 4 ) + 5 ( 3a − 4 )] = 2 ( 2 f ) 2 +  q 2  + 2 ( 2 f 2 )  q 2 
3  3 
= [ 5a + 20a − 3a − 12] − [ 6a 2 − 8a + 15a − 20]
2
1 4
= [ 5a 2 + 17a − 12] − [ 6a 2 − 7a − 20] = 4 f 4 + q 4 + f 2 q2
9 3
= 5a 2 + 17a − 12 − 6a 2 − 7a + 20  1 1 
2
(b)  b + c
= 5a 2 − 6a 2 + 17a − 7a − 12 + 20 4 3 
= − a 2 + 10a + 8 1
2
1
2
 1  1 
=  b +  c + 2  b   c
4  3   42   3 
E xercise-7. 4 1 1
= b 2 + c 2 + bc
16 9
1
6
2
(c) ( 2q + 3r )
1. (a) ( 2a 2 + 3b ) ( 2a 2 + 3b ) = ( 2a 2 + 3b ) 2
= ( 2q ) 2 + ( 3r ) 2 + 2 ( 2q ) ( 3r )
= 2 ( 2a ) 2 + ( 3b ) 2 + 2 ( 2a 2 ) ( 3b )

Mathematica-7 51
 = 4q 2 + 9r 2 + 12qr  x y  x y
= +   − 
(d) ( 5x + 6 y ) 2  3 4  3 4
4 2 25 2
= ( 5x ) 2 + ( 6 y ) 2 + 2 ( 5x ) ( 6 y ) (d) x − y
9 36
= 25x 2 + 36 y 2 + 60xy 2 2
2 5
(e) ( 25b + 3) 2 =  x −  y
3  6 
= ( 25b ) 2 + 32 + 2 ( 25b ) ( 3) 2 5 2 5
=  x + y  x − y
= 625b 2 + 9 + 150b 3 6  3 6 
(f) ( 2a − 3b ) 2 (e) 256 p 2 q 2 − 169 r 2
= ( 2a ) 2 + ( 3b ) 2 − 2 ( 2a ) ( 3b ) = (16 pq ) 2 − (13r ) 2
= 4a 2 + 9b 2 − 12ab = (16 pq + 13r ) (16 pq − 13r )
9
(g) ( 4x − 5xy ) 2 (f) 4a 2 −
b2
= ( 4x ) 2 + ( 5xy ) 2 − 2 ( 4x ) ( 5xy ) 2
3
2
= 16x + 25x y − 40x y 2 2 2 = ( 2a ) 2 −  
 b
2
3 2
(h)  x − y 3
=  2a +   2a −
3

4 3   b  b
2 2
3 2 3 2 4. (a) ( x + 9) ( x − 9)
=  x +  y − 2 × x × y
4  3  4 3 = x 2 − 92
9 2 4 2 = x 2 − 81
= x + y − xy
16 9 (b) ( 2x + 4 ) ( 2x − 4 )
(i) ( − 4a − 3b ) 2
= ( 2x ) 2 − 4 2
= ( − 4a ) 2 + ( − 3b ) 2 + 2 ( − 4a ) ( − 3b ) = 4x 2 − 16
= 16a 2 + 9b 2 + 24ab (c) ( 2x + 3 y ) ( 2x − 3 y )
(j) ( 3 pq − 5rs ) 2 = ( 2x ) 2 − ( 3 y ) 2 = 4x 2 − 9 y 2
= ( 3 pq ) 2 + ( 5rs ) 2 − 2 ( 3 pq ) ( 5 rs ) (d) ( 5 + 6 y ) ( 5 − 6 y )
= 9 p 2 q 2 + 25 r 2 s 2 − 30 pqrs = 52 − ( 6 y ) 2 = 25 − 36 y 2
(k) ( 2x 2 + 3 y 2 )2 (e) ( x 2 + y 2 ) ( x 2 − y 2 )
= ( 2x 2 ) + ( 3 y 2 ) 2 + 2 ( 2x 2 ) ( 3 y 2 ) = (x 2 )2 − ( y 2 )2
= 4x 4 + 9 y 4 + 12x 2 y 2 = x4 − y4
1 1 1 1
(f)  x − y 2   x + y 2 
2
3 1
(l)  x 2 − x 3  3 5  3 5 
5 2 
2 2
1 1 1 1 4
=  x −  y 2  = x 2 −
2 2
3 1 3 1 y
=  x 2  +  x 3  − 2  x 2   x 3  3  5  9 25
5  2  5  2 
2 1 1 2
9 4 1 6 3 5 (g)  x 2 + y 2  −  y 2 − x 2 
= x + x − x 3 2   2 3 
25 4 5
2 2
3. (a) 25 p 2 r 4 − 36 r 2 1
=  y 2 
2 1 4
−  x 2  = y 2 − x 4
2  3  4 9
= ( 5 pr 2 )2 − ( 6r )2
2 2 2 2
= ( 6 pr 2 + 6r ) ( 5 pr 2 − 6r ) (h)  a 2 −   a 2 + 
5 5  5 5
(b) 4a 2 − 9bc 2 2 2
2 2 4 4 4
2
= ( 2a ) − ( 3 bc ) 2 =  a 2  −   = a −
5   5 25 25
= ( 2a + 3bc ) ( 2a − 3bc )
 x y  x y
x 2
y2 (i)  −   + 
(c) −  2 3  2 3
9 16 2 2
x  y
=  
2 2
x  y − 
=   −   2  3
 3  4

52 Mathematica-7
 x2 y2 = 1002 − ( 0.8) 2
= −
4 9 = 10000 − 0.64
= 9999.36
(j) ( x 2 + ay ) ( x2 − ay ) (k) 104 2 − 4 2
= ( x 2 )2 − ( ay ) 2 = (104 + 4 ) (104 − 4 )
4 2 2 = 108 × 100
=x −a y
= 10800
 a  a
(k)  x +   x −  (l) 492 − 392
 y  y
= ( 49 + 39) ( 49 − 39)
2 2
 a a = 88 × 10 = 880
= x2 −   = x2 − 2 2
 y y2 (m) 121 − 32 = (121 + 32) (121 − 32)

5. (a) 722 = ( 70 + 2) 2 = 153 × 89

= 13617
= 702 + 22 + 2 ( 70) ( 2) (n) (14 2 − 4 2 ) ( 202 − 22 )
= 4900 + 4 + 280 = (14 + 4 ) (14 − 4 ) ( 20 + 2) ( 20 − 2)
= 5184 = 18 × 10 × 22 × 18
(b) 682 = 180 × 396
= ( 70 − 2) 2 = 180 × 10
= 702 + 22 − 2 ( 70) ( 2 = 12600
(o) 155 × 155 − 145 × 145
= 4900 + 4 + 280
= 4624 = 1552 − 1452
(c) (1002) 2 = (155 + 145) (155 − 145)
= (1000 + 2) 2 = 300 × 10
= 3000
= 10002 + 22 + 2 (1000) ( 2)
(p) 6352 − 6252
= 1000000 + 4 + 40000
= 1004004 = ( 635 + 625) ( 635 − 625)
(d) 98 2 = 1260 × 10
= (100 − 2) 2 = 12600
(q) 225 × 225 − 1752
= 1002 + 22 − 2 (100) ( 2)
= 10000 + 4 − 400 = 2252 − 1752
= 1004 − 400 = ( 225 + 175) ( 225 − 175)
= 9604 = 400 × 500 = 20000
(e) 92 × 88 6. (a) 8a = 34 − 262
2
= ( 90 + 2) ( 90 − 2)
8a = ( 34 + 26) ( 34 − 26)
= 902 − 22 = 8100 − 4 = 8096
8a = 60 × 8
(f) 592 a = 60
= ( 60 − 1) 2 (b) 16x = 5362 − 1362
= 602 + 12 − 2 ( 60) (1) 16x = ( 536 + 136) ( 536 − 136)
= 3600 + 1 − 120 16x = 672 × 400
= 3601 − 120 = 3481 672 × 400
x=
(g) 204 2 = ( 200 + 4 ) 2 16
= 2002 + 4 2 + 2 ( 200) ( 4 ) x = 16800
= 40000 + 16 + 1600 (c) 25x = 452 − 302
= 41616 = ( 45 + 30) ( 45 − 30)
2
(h) 1005 = (1000 + 5) 2 25x = 75 × 15
75 × 15
= 1000000 + 25 + 10000 x= ⇒ x = 45
= 1010025 25
p
(i) 7.4 × 8.6 = ( 8 − 0.6) ( 8 + 0. 6) (d) 212 − 112 =
−3
= 82 − ( 0.36) 2
p
= 64 − 0.36 = 63.64 ( 21 + 11) ( 21 − 11) =
(j) 99.2 × 100.8 −3
= (100 − 0.8) (100 + 0.8)

Mathematica-7 53
 −p 1
33 × 10 = x2 + = 14
3 x2
− 99 × 10 = p 1
9. x − =5
− 990 = p x
(e) 1452 − 552 = 0. 9 p Squaring both sides
2
(145 + 55) (145 − 55) = 0. 9 p  x − 1 = 52
 
200 × 90 = 0.9 p  x
200 × 90 1 1
= p x2 + − 2 ( x )   = 25

0.9 x 2  x
200 × 900 1
= p x2 + − 2 = 25
9
20000 = p x2
1
(f) 0.32 − 0.012 = 0.4 p x2 + = 27
x2
( 0.03 + 0.01) ( 0.03 − 0.01) = 0.4 p
Squaring both sides
0.04 × 0.02 = 0.4 p 2
0.04 × 0.02  2 1 2
= p  x + 2  = 27
0.4  x 
0.10 × 0.02 = p 1 1
0.002 = p x4 + + 2x 2 × = 729
4
x x2
7. (a) ( x + a ) ( x − a ) ( x 2 + a 2 ) 1
x4 + + 2 = 729
= (x 2 − a 2 ) (x 2 + a 2 ) x4
= (x 2 )2 − (a 2 )2 1
x4 + = 727
= x4 − a4 x4
(b) ( a 2 − 1) ( a 2 + 1) ( a 4 + 1)
= {( a 2 ) 2 ( a 2 + 1) ( a 4 + 1)} M C Q
= ( a 4 − 1) ( a 4 + 1)
1. 2x − 3 y + 7 is trinomial expression
= ( a 4 )2 − 12 = a 8 − 1
2. Value of 3x + 2 y = 3 ( 2) + 2 ( 3) = 6 + 6 = 12
(c) ( 2x + y ) ( 2x − y ) ( 4x 2 + y 2 )
3. 0 − ( 3x + 2 y − 5xy ) = − 3x − 2 y + 5xy
= [( 2x ) 2 − y 2 ] [ 4x 2 + y 2 ]
4. Algebraic expression having no literal is called a constant
= ( 4x 2 − y 2 ) ( 4x 2 + y 2 ) term.
= ( 4x 2 ) 2 − ( y 2 ) 2 5. 2xy + ( − 7xy ) = 2xy − 7xy = − 5 xy
= 16x 4 − y 4
6. − 8x 2 − x 2 = − 9x 2
1
8. x + = 4
x Vector7. ab −Fbc car+ bc − In
ac−to +e
ba v acrs=e0
Algebra
8. ( x − 2) − ( 3 − x + x 2 )
×+5= x − 2 − 3 + x − x
Squaring both sides
2 2
 x + 1 = 4 2
 
 x = 2x − 5 − x 2
1 1 We should subtract from ( 3 − x + x 2 ) toget ( x − 2)
x2 + + 2 ( x )   = 16 ∴
x 2  x
2
x +
1
x2
+ 2 = 16 5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

8 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Linear Equation
×+5
1. (a) x − 3 = 18
×+5
E xercise-8. 1 x = 18 + 3
x = 21
false, correct value = 21
54 Mathematica-7
 (b) 2 y + 1 = 21 Value of x LHS RHS
2 y = 20 8 1 0
y = 10 True 9 0 0
(c) 4 + 5a = 9 10 –1 0
5a = 5 ⇒ a=1 True ∴ x=9
(d) b + 5 = 100 (j) 3s − 4 = 8 is an equation
b = 100 − 5 Value of s LHS RHS
b = 95 False, correct value of b = 95 3 5 8
(e) 3s = 90 4 8 8
90 5 11 8
s= ∴ s= 4
3
s = 30 False, correct value of s = 30
(f) 9 + y = 21
y = 21− 9
E xercise-8. 2
y = 12 False, correct value of y = 12
1. (a) 2x + 7 = 35
(g) 2x + 4 = 4
2x = 4 − 4 2x = 35 − 7
2x = 0 2x = 28
28
x=0 True x=
(h) 3 y − 1 = 5 2
3 y =5+1 x = 14
3y=6 (b) 3x − 8 = 85
6 3x = 85 + 8
y= 3x = 93
3
93
y=2 True x=
(i) 2c = 50 3
50 x = 31
c= (c) 3x + 4 = 5
2
c = 25 False, correct value of c = 25 3x = 5 − 4
(j) 3 p − 11 = 1 3x = 1
1
3 p = 1+ 11 x=
3 p = 12 3
1 1
p=4 False, correct value of p = 4 (d) x+ =3
2. (a) 3x − 8 is expression 2 2
7 1
(b) 1− 3 y is expreesion x= −
2 2
(c) x − 2 = 8 is an equation solution 7−1
value of x LHS RHS x=
9 7 8 2
10 8 8 6
x=
11 9 8 2
∴ x = 10 x=3
(d) 7a + 21 = 0 is an equation (e) 17 = 3 + 7x
value of a LHS RHS 17 − 3 = 7x
–2 7 0 14 = 7x
–3 0 0 14
=x
–1 14 0 7
∴ a= −3 2= x
(e) 6x is anexpression 2. (a) 5x − 2 = 8
(f) 4 p + 3 is an expression
(g) 9a = 18 is an equation 5x − 2 + 2 = 8 + 2
Value of a LHS RHS 5x = 10
0 0 18 5x 10
=
1 9 18 5 5
2 18 18 x=2
∴ a=2 Checking :
(h) 2q + 3 is an equation LHS RHS
(i) 9 − x = 0 is an equation 5 ( 2) − 2 8

Mathematica-7 55
 10 − 2 − 8p − 8
=
8 = RHS −8 −8
(b) 4y + 3= 9 p=1
4 y + 3 − 3 = 9− 3 Checking :
4y= 6 LHS = 1 − 8 (1)
4y 6 = 1− 8
=
4 4 =–7
3 LHS = RHS
y =
2 (g) 5 y = 0
Checking : 5y 0
=
LHS RHS 5 5
3 y=0
4× +3 9
2 Checking
2× 3+ 3 LHS = 5 ( 0)
6+ 3 = 0
9 = 9 LHS = RHS
LHS = RHS (h) 2 + 7 y = 23
(c) 9a + 8 = 12 2 − 2 + 7 y = 23 − 2
9a + 8 − 8 = 12 − 8 7 y = 21
9a = 4 7 y 21
9a 4 =
= 7 7
9 9 y=3
4 Checking :
a=
9 LHS = 2 + 7 ( 3)
Checking : = 2 + 21
4 = 23
LHS = 9 × + 8
9 LHS = RHS
=4+8 3. (i) 2x − 7 = 9
= 12 = RHS 2x − 7 + 7 = 9 + 7
x
(d) − 3=1 2x = 16
3 2x 16
x =
− 3 + 3 = 1+ 3 2 2
3 x=8 ∴ (i) → (x)
x (ii) 1− 4 y = − 7
× 3= 4 × 3
3 1− 1− 4 y = − 7 − 1
x = 12 − 4y= −8
Checking : −4y −8
12 =
LHS = −3 −4 −4
3
=4−3 y=2 ∴ (ii) → (g)
= 1 = RHS (iii) 8p + 9 = 1
1 2 8p + 9 − 9 = 1− 9
(e) y+ =
3 3 8p = − 8
1 1 2 1 8p −8
y+ − = − =
3 3 3 3 8 8
2− 1 p = −1 ∴ (iii) → (f)
y=
3 (iv) 2 ( x + 1) = 4
1
y= 2x + 2 = 4
3 2x + 2 − 2 = 4 − 2
Checking : 2x = 2
1 1 2x 2
LHS = + = ∴ (iv) → (h)
3 3 2 2
2
= = RHS (v) 5 = 3x − 7
3 5 + 7 = 3x − 7 + 7
(f) 1− 8 p = − 7 12 = 3x
1 − 1− 8 p = − 7 − 1 12 3x
− 8p = − 8 =
13 3
56 Mathematica-7
 4=x ∴ (iv) → (i) = − 6 = RHS
(vi) 3a = 0 5. 2x = − 8
3a 0 −8
= x=
3 3 2
a=0 ∴ (vi) → (c) x= −4
(vii) 5k = 25 Checking :
5k 25
= LHS = 2 ( − 4 ) = − 8 = RHS
5 5 6. 3 − 2 y = − 5
k=5 ∴ (vii) → (b)
− 2 y = − 5− 3
(viii) − 3 − b = − 9
−2y=−8
− 3 + 3− b = − 9+ 3 −8
− b= −6 y=
−2
b=6
(ix) 2 ( y − 1) = 12 y=4
2 y − 2 = 12 Checking :
2 y − 2 + 2 = 12 + 2 LHS = 3 − 2 (4 )
2 y = 14 = 9 ( 3) − 7
2 y 14 = 27 − 7
= = 20
2 2
RHS = 14 + 2 ( 3)
y=7 ∴ (ix) → (a)
= 14 + 6
(x) 10z = 100
10z 100 = 20
= z = 10 ∴ (x) → (a) LHS = RHS
10 10
7. 9a − 7 = 14 + 2a

E xercise-8. 3 9a − 2a = 14 + 7
7a = 21
a = 21
1. y + 8 = − 3 a = 21 ÷ 7
a=3
y = − 3− 8
Checking :
y = − 11
Checking :
LHS = 9 ( 3) − 7
= 27 − 7
LHS = − 11 + 8
= 20
= − 3 = RHS
RHS = 14 + 2 ( 3)
2. (a) 3a = − 9
= 14 + 6
−9
a= = 20
3 LHS = RHS
a=−3 1
8. q − = 4 − q
Checking : 2
LHS = 3 ( − 3) 1
q+q=4+
= − 9 = R.H.S. 2
p 9
3. =2 2q =
15 2
p = 2 × 15 9
=
p = 30 2× 2
Checking : 9
30 q=
LHS = = 2 = RHS 4
15 Checking :
4. 2q + 4 = − 6 9 1
LHS = −
2q = − 6 − 4 4 2
2q = − 10 9− 2
− 10 =
q= 4
2 7
=
q=−5 4
Checking : 9
RHS = 4−
LHS = 2 ( − 5) + 4 4
= − 10 + 4
Mathematica-7 57
 16 − 9 5x = 6 − 10
=
4 5x = − 4
7 4
= x=−
4 5
LHS = RHS
3 Checking :
9. (a) a + = 5 − 6a
4  − 4 + 10  6
2 LHS = 5 − + 2 = 5  = 5×
3  5   5  5
a + 6a = 5 −
2 = 6 = R.H.S.
10 − 3 13. 4x + 80 − 3x + 3 = 11
7a =
2 4x − 3x = 11− 8 − 3
7 x = 11 − 11
7a =
2 x=0
7 Checking :
a=
2× 7 LHS
1 = 4 ( 0) + 8 − 3 ( 0) + 3
a=
2 = 0+ 8− 0+ 3
Checking : = 8+ 3
1 3 = 11 = R.H.S.
LHS = +
2 2 14. 3 ( 2x − 1) + 2 (1 − 5x ) = 9 + x
1+ 3 4 6x − 3 + 2 − 10 x = 9 + x
= =
2 2 6x − 10x − x = 9 + 3 − 2
=2 6x − 11x = 10
1 − 5x = 10
RHS = 5− 6×
2 10
x= ⇒ x=−2
= 5− 3 −5
=2 Checking :
LHS = RHS LHS = 3 [ 2 ( − 2) − 1] + 2 [1 − 5 ( − 2) ]
10. 17 a = 238 = 3 ( − 4 − 1) + 2 [ 1 + 10 ]
238 = 3 ( − 5) + 2 (11)
a=
17 = − 15 + 22
a = 14 = 7 = RHS
Checking : 15. 7 ( x − 2) − 8 ( 4 − 3x ) = 47
LHS = 17 (14 ) 7x − 14 − 32 + 24x = 47
= 238 7x + 24x = 47 + 14 + 30
LHS = RHS 3x = 93
11. 3 ( − x + 1) = − 8 93
x=
− 3x + 3 = − 8 31
− 3x = − 8 − 3 x=3
− 3x = − 11 Checking :
− 11 LHS = 7 [ 3 − 2 ] − 8 [ 4 − 3 ( 3) ]
x=
−3 = 7 (1) − 8 ( 4 − 9)
11 = 7 − 8 ( − 5)
x= = 7 + 40
3
= 47 = RHS
Checking : y y 1
 − 11  16. − 5= +
LHS = 3 + 1 2 3 2
 3  y y 1
 − 11 + 3  − = +5
= 3 2 3 2
 3  3 y − 2 y 1 + 10
=
 − 8 6 2
= 3  y 11
 3 =
= − 8 = RHS 6 2
11 × 6
12. 5 ( x + 2) = 6 y=
2
5x + 10 = 6
y = 11 × 3
58 Mathematica-7
 y = 33 36 − 4
=
Checking : 8
33 32
LHS = −5 = =4
2 8
33 − 10 23 36
= = RHS = −2
2 2 6
33 1 = 6− 2
RHS = +
3 2 =4
1 22 + 1 23 LHS = RHS
= 11 + = =
2 2 2

17.
2a
LHS = RHS
+4= =
a 1 E xercise-8. 4
5 3 5
2a a 1 1. n = 5 ( 5 + 4 )
− =− −4
5 3 5 n = 3× 9
6a − 5a − 1− 20 n = 27
=
15 5 2. y = ( 8 × 3) − 3
a − 21 = 24 − 3
=
15 5 y = 21
− 21 3. x = 5 (16 − 4 )
a= × 15
5 x = 5 × 12
a = − 21 × 3 x = 60
a = − 63 4. x = ( 40 − 5) − ( 40 ÷ 5)
x = 35 − 8
Checking : x = 27
2 × − 63 5. a = [ 54 ÷ 6 + 1] 3
LHS = +4
5 a = ( 9 + 1) 3
− 126 = 10 × 3
= +5
5 a = 30
− 126 + 20 − 106 6. Let number = x
= =
5 5 x − 19 = 11
RHS x = 11 + 19
− 63 1 1 x = 30
= − = − 21 −
3 5 5 ∴ Number is 30
− 105 − 1 − 106 7. Let number = x
= =
5 5 Q divident = Q × Divisor + R
LHS = RHS x = 13 × 7 + 4
m 1 m x = 91 + 4
18. − = −2
8 2 6 x = 95
m m 1 ∴ Number is 95
− = − 2+
8 6 2 8. Let three consecutive numbers be
3m − 4m − 4 + 1 x, x + 1, x + 2
=
24 2 ∴ x + ( x + 1) + ( x + 2) = 69
−m 3 3x + 3 = 69
=−
24 2 3x = 69 − 3
3 3x = 66
m = + × 24 x = 22
2
∴ Numbers are 22, 23, 24
m = + 3 × 12
9. Let four consecutive numbers are
m = 36
Checking : x, x + 1, x + 2, x + 3
m 1 ∴ x + ( x + 1) + ( x + 2) + ( x + 3) = 46
LHS = − 4x + 6 = 46
8 2
36 1 4x = 46 − 6
= − 4x = 40
8 2
x = 10

Mathematica-7 59
 ∴ Numbers are 10, 11, 12, 13 15. Let Ist part = x
10. Let Mohans age = x years ∴ 2nd part = 4x
∴ his Mother's age = 6x years ∴ 4x − x = 15
After 5 years 3x = 15
Mohan's age = x + 5 x=5
Mother's age = 6x + 5 ∴ Ist part = 5
∴ Mother's age = Mohan's age + 20 IInd part = 4 × 5 = 20
6x + 5 = ( x + 5) + 20 Number is = 20 + 5 = 25
6x + 5 = x + 25 16. Let one part of number = x
6x − x = 25 − 5
5x = 20 ∴ 2nd part of number = x + 10
x=4 x + ( x + 10) = 40
∴ Mohan's age = 4 years 2x = 30
Mother's age = 6 × 4 = 24 years x = 15
11. Let Present age of shyam is x years ∴ One part = 15
∴ " " Ram is 2x years Two part = 15 + 10 = 25
After 10 years Number is 8 + 4= 12
Shyam's age = ( x + 10) 17. Let Ist part = x
Ram's age = 2x + 10 x
Ram's age = Shyam's age + 3 ∴ IInd part =
2
2x + 10 = ( x + 10) + 3
 x + x = 8 +  x − x
2x − x = 13 − 10    
 2  2
x=3
∴ Shyam's age = 3 years 2x + x 2x − x
= 8+
Ram's age = 2 × 3 = 6 years 2 2
12. Let B's age be x years 3x x
= 8+
∴ A's age be ( x + 15) years 2 2
Ten years ago 3x x 3x − x
− =8 ⇒ =8
B's age was = x − 10 2 2 2
A's age was = ( x + 15) − 10 2x = 16 ⇒ x=8
=x+5 ∴ Ist part = 8
A's Age = 4 (B's age) 8
IInd part = = 4
x + 5 = 4 ( x − 10) 2
x + 5 = 4x − 40 18. Let no. of 20 p coins be x
5 + 40 = 4x − x ∴ x × 20 = 60 × 100 paise
45 = 3x 20x = 6000
15 = x x = 300
∴ Present age of B = 15 years ∴ No. of 20P coins = 300
" " A = 30 years 19. Let No. of 25 paise cab be x
13. Let pashupati's age = x years ∴ 25 × x = 25000
∴ His brothers age = (15 − x ) years x = 1000
∴ x − (15 − x ) = 3 ∴ No. of 25 paise coins = 1000
x − 15 + x = 3 20. Let number of 20 paise coins and 10 paise coins be x
2x = 3 + 15 ∴ 20 × x + 10 × x = 300 × 100 paise
2x = 18 20x + 10x = 30000
x=9 30x = 30000
∴ Pashupati's age = 9 years x = 1000
His brother's age = 15 − 9 ∴ No. of 20 paise coins = 1000
= 6 years " " 10 " = 1000
14. Let present age of Ram = x years
Age of Ram after 34 years = ( x + 34 )
M C Q
∴ x + 34 = 3x 2x + 5
1. =7
34 = 3x − x 3
34 = 2x 2x + 5 = 21
17 = x 2x = 16

60 Mathematica-7
 x=8
2. 4x − 4 = 5 + x
4x − x = 5 + 4 x = 31
3x = 9 ⇒ x=3 ∴ Numbers are 31, 32
1
3. 0. 5 x = 25 7. x + 11 = 14
25 250 3
x= = ⇒ x = 50 1
0.5 5 x = 14 − 11
3
4. Let number = x
x
3x + 5 = 44 =3 ⇒ x=9
3
3x = 44 − 5 8. 1 − 4x = − 11
3x = 39
x = 13 − 4x = − 11 − 1
∴ Number is 13 − 4x = − 12 ⇒
5. Let Ist number = x x=3
∴ 2nd number = x + 13 Vector9. Let F actorbe x Inverse
number
Algebra
∴ x + ( x + 13) = 45 ∴ 2x + 6 = 20
2x + 13 = 45
2x = 32 ∴ Number is 7×+5
2x = 14 ⇒ x=7

x = 16 10. Let Anil's age be x

∴ Ist number = 16 ∴ Anils's father's age = 6 x
IInd number = 16 + 13 = 29 6x = 48 ⇒ x=8
6. Let two consecutive number be x, x + 1
∴ x + ( x + 1) = 63
5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21
∴ Anil's age is 8 years

9 2x + 1 = 63
2x = 62
10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Lines and Angles
×+5
×+5
5x = 720°
E xercise-9. 1 ∴ angle is 144°
x = 144°

5. Let angle be x
1. (a) Complement of 25° = 90 − 25 = 65°
its supplement = 180 − x
(b) " " 43° = 90 − 43° = 47° x = 180 − x (given)
(c) " " 66° = 90 − 66 = 24° 2x = 180
(d) " " 78° = 90 − 78° = 12° x = 90°
∴ angle is 90°
(e) " " 82° = 90 − 82° = 8° 6. (a) 62 + x = 180 Linear pair
2. (a) Supplement of 90° = 180 − 90 = 90° ∴ x = 180 − 62
(b) " " 107 = 180 − 107° = 73° x = 118°
(c) " " 133° = 180 − 133° = 47° (b) ( 2x + 1) + ( x + 2) = 180
(d) " " 170° = 180 − 170° = 10° Linear pair
3x + 3 = 180
(e) " " 53° = 180 − 53° = 127° 3x = 180 − 3
3. Let angle be x° 3x = 177
Ist complement = 90 − x x = 59
(c) x + 2x + 3x + 4x = 180 straight angle
x = 2 ( 90 − x ) (given)
10x = 180
x = 180 − 2x
x = 18
3x = 180 ⇒ x = 60° (d) ( 3x + 10) + ( 2x − 40) = 180 Linear pair
∴ angle is 60° 5x − 30 = 180
4. Let angle be x°
5x −30 = 180
Ist supplement = 180 − x
5x = 210
x = 4 (180 − x ) (given)
x = 42
x = 720 − 4x
7. ∠ POS + ∠ POR = 180
Mathematica-7 61
 ∠ POS + 104 = 180 ∴ Measure of angle = 115°
∠ POS = 180 − 104 15. x = 10°, V.O ∠ s
∠ POS = 76°
∠ ROQ = ∠ POS = 76° V.O. ∠ s y + 20 + x = 180
∠ QOS = ∠ POR = 104° V.O. ∠ s y + 20 + 10 = 180
8. If one angle of a linear pair is obtuse the other angle will = 180 − 30
be acute because the sum of linear pairs is 180° y = 150
9. (a) Vertically opposite angles z = x = 10° V O∠s
∠ XOP = ∠ YOQ ∴ x = 10° , y = 150°, z = 20°
(b) Linear pairs
∠ SOQ and ∠ ROQ
(c) Adjacent complementary angle
E xercise-9. 2
∠ ROX , ∠ XOP 1. (a) ∠ a, ∠ b Linear pair
(d) Equal supplementary angles
(b) ∠ a, ∠ d Alternative Interior Angles
∠ POR , ∠ QOR
(c) ∠ b, ∠ d Cointerior angles
(e) Adjacent angles that donot form a linear pair
(d) ∠ i, ∠ e Alternate interior angles
∠ ROX and∠ ROQ
(f) Acute vertically opposite angles (e) ∠ g , ∠ j Alternative exterior angles
∠ POX , ∠ QOY (f) ∠ d , ∠ f Vertically opposite angles
10. Let Ist angle be x (g) ∠ n, ∠ k Correspondng angles
∴ IInd angle be x + 30 2. ∠ 2 = 180 − 47° (Liner pairs)
∴ x + ( x + 30) = 180 ∠ 2 = 133°
2x = 180 − 30 ∠ 4 = ∠ 2 = 133° V.O. ∠ s
2x = 150 ∠ 3 = ∠ 1 = 47° "
x = 75 ∠ 5 = ∠ 1 = 47° Corresponding angles
∴ Ist angle = 75° ∠ 6 = ∠ 2 = 133° "
∴ IInd angle = 75 + 30° ∠ 7 = ∠ 3 = 47° "
= 105° ∠ 8 = ∠ 4 = 133° "
11. Let angle be x 3. Try your self
Ist complement = 90 − x 4. (a) x + 115° = 180 (cointerior angles) t
90 − x = 27 (given) x = 180 − 115° 1 98°
c
90 − 27 = x
x = 65°
63 = x x°
d
∴ Supplement of 63° = 180 − 63
= 117° (b) ∠ 1 = 180 − 98 L.P.
12. Let angle be x ∠ 1 = 82°
Its supplement = 180 − x ∴ x = ∠ 1 = 82°
∴ 180 − x = 130° (Corresponding angles)
x = 50°
∴ angle = 50
Its complement = 90 − 50 (c) 7x + 5x = 180 Cointerior pairs
= 40° 12x = 180
13. Let measure of angle be x x = 15°
Its supplement = 180 − x (d) x = 65° Corresponding angles
Its complement = 90 − x y = x = 65° "
2 (180 − x ) = 7 ( 90 − x ) (given) 5. Given : ∠ A = ∠ B
360 − 2x = 630 − 7x D C
360 − 630 = − 7x + 2x
− 270 = − 5x
54° = x
∴ Measure of angle is 54°
14. Let measure of angle be x A B
Its supplement = 180 − x
To find : ∠ A , ∠ B , ∠ C and ∠ D
x = (180 − x ) + 50 (given)
2x = 180 + 50 Proof :
2x = 230 ∠ A + ∠ B = 180° Cointerior angles
x = 115 ∠ A + ∠ A = 180° ∠ A =∠B

62 Mathematica-7
 2∠ A = 180° ∴ y = 360 − x
∠ A = 90° = 360 − 136°
∴ ∠ B = ∠ A = 90°  opposite angles of parallelogram y = 224°
∴ ∠ C = ∠ A = 90°  are equal ∴ x = 136°, y = 224°

∴ ∠ D = ∠ B = 90 10. (a) ∠ 1 = 180 − 61 L.P.

∠ A = ∠ B = ∠ C = ∠ D = 90 ∠ 1 = 119°
6. Given : PQRS is a Rhombus, p is not parallel to q
∠ P = 50°
t
To find : ∠ Q , ∠ R , ∠ S 61°
t
S R
1 53°
61° q p
127° 1
50° q
p
P Q
Q alternate angles are not equal
(1) ∠ P + ∠ Q = 180° (Cointerior angles)
50° + ∠ Q = 180° (b) ∠ 1 = 180 − 127
∠ Q = 130° ∠ 1 = 53
∠ R = ∠ P = 50°  A B
 Yes p || q
∠ S = ∠ Q = 130°  opposite angles
63° of rhombus
63° because corresponding angles are equal
are equal
7. Given : AB | | DC D C (c) ∠ 1 = 180 − 81 L.P.
To find : ∠ D , ∠ C ∠ 1 = 99
(1) ∠ A + ∠ D = 190 q
63° + ∠ D = 180
∠ D = 180 − 63 = 117° 1
99° t
Similarly, A
81°
E
∠ B + ∠ C = 180 (Cointerior angles)
63 + ∠ C = 180 40°
63 + ∠ C = 180
1
∠ C = 117° 55° yes, p | | q Q corresponding ∠ s are equal
8. ∠ 1 = ∠ A = 40° alternate angles B C D (d) ∠ 1 = 180 − 34° L.P.
∠ ACB + ∠ 1 + ∠ ECD = 180° ∠ 1 = 146°
∠ ACB + 40 + 55° = 180°
34° 1
∠ ACB + 95° = 180° p
∠ ACB = 180 − 95° 146°
q
∠ ACB = 85° t

9. Draw a line parallel to AB or CD through O yes, p || q Q corresponding ∠ s are equal

11.
A B
p q
109°
yx1 u
2 l
115° 105°
C D y x
m
w z
∠ 1 + ∠ 109° = 180 cointerior pairs
∠ 1 = 180 − 109 x + 105° = 180 co-interior
∠ 1 = 71°
x = 180 − 105 ∠ s are supplementary
Similarly, ∠ 2 + 115° = 180
y = x = 75°
∠ 2 = 180 − 1150
y = x = 75° Corresponding angles
∠ 2 = 65°
∴ x = ∠ 1+ ∠ 2 w = y = 75° V.O.∠ s
= 71 + 65° u = y = 75° Corresponding angles
x = 136° y + z = 180 L.P.

Mathematica-7 63
 75 + z = 180 − 75° 17. Line are parallel is
z = 105° (a) A pair of alternate angles are equal
∴ x = 75°, y = 75°, w = 75° , u = 75° , z = 105° (b) A pair of corresponding angles are equal
(c) Co-interior are supplementary
12. ∠ CAB = 40° 18. ∠ 3 = 115° Corresponding angles
∠ CBD = 56° Corresponing angles ∠ 2 = 180 − 110° LP
D C = 70°
40°
C
56°

3 12 110°

115° D E
A B
A B
13. (a) Sum of adjacent angles of parallelogram = 180°
(b) " " " Rhombus = 180° ∴ ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ BCD = 180
(c) " " " Square = 180° (180 − 115) + 70° + ∠ BCD = 180°
(d) " " " Rectangle = 180° (Sum of all ∠ s of ∆ = 180)
 V.O. ∠ s 65 + 70 + ∠ BCD = 180
14. Q ∠ A = ∠ B = ∠ C = ∠ D =90°
 ∠ BCD = 180 − 135°
each angle of square = 90° ∠ BCD = 45°
∴ ∠ 1 = ∠ D = 90° D A E
19. ∠ DAB + ∠ FBA = 180°
∠ 2 = ∠ B = 90°
∠ 3 = ∠ C = 90° (co interrior ∠ s are supplementary)
15. ( 3x + 40) + ( x − 60) = 180
4x − 20 = 180
l 4x = 200 F B C G
z y
x = 50°
w x Similarly,
m ∠ EAC + ∠ GCA = 180
u 74° 2 y + 25 + y + 20 = 180
3 y + 45 = 180
p q 3 y = 135
y = 45°
x + 74° = 180° L.P. 20. ∠ 1 = 180 − 88 = 92°
x = 180 − 74
p q
x = 106
w = 74° alternate angles 92° 3
u = w = 74° VO ∠ s l
2 76°
y = 74° corresponding angles
1
z + y = 180 cointerior angles m
88° 1
z + 74° = 180
z = 180 − 74
z = 106° ∴ l || m coresponding ∠ s are equal
∴ x = 106° , z = 106° , u = 74°, w = 74° , y = 74° ∠ 3 = 76° V.O. ∠ s
16. Given, ABCD is a parallelogram ∴ P is not || to q (Q Corresponding ∠ s are not equal)
To prove : ∠ A = ∠ C, ∠ B = ∠ D
D C
M C Q
1. Supplement of 85° = 180 − 85° = 95° ∴ b
2. Complement of 37° = 90 − 37° = 53° ∴ c
A B
3. When sum of pair of angles is 180° the angles are said to
Proof : (1) ∠ A + ∠ B = 180°  cointerior angles are be supplementary to one another ∴ b
 supplementary 4. straight angles is an angle of measure 180° ∴ (a)
(2) ∠ B + ∠ C = 180° 
∴ ∠ A + ∠ B = ∠ B + ∠C from (1) and (2) 5. Pair of complementary angles is 35°, 55°
∠ A = ∠C Q 35° + 55° = 90°
Similarly, ∠ B = ∠ D 6. Pair of supplementary angles is

64 Mathematica-7
 138° , 42Q 138 + 42 = 180

Mathematica-7 65
 ×+5

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

10 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
The Triangle and its Properties
×+5
9. Yes, OM = ON = OP

E xercise-10. 1
1. (a) Isosceles triangle
(b) Equilateral triangle
(c) Obtuse angled triangle
2. (a) Scalene triangle
(c) Equilatral triangle
(e) Scalene triangle
M
×+5
O
(b) Isosceles triangle
(d) Isosceles triangle
(f) Equilateral triangle N P

3. (a) Equilateral or acute angled triangle

(b) Right angled triangle (c) Obtuse angled triangle
Q O is centre of circumference of ∆ MNP and
(d) Acute angled triangle (e) Obtuse angled triangle OM , ON , OP are radii.
(f) Right angled triangle 10. ∠ C = 90°
4. (a) In obtuse angle triangle only one angle can be
obtuse. A

(b) In right angled triangle only one angle can be right

angle
(c) In acute angled triangle all 3 angles can be acute.
5. (a) Longest side of a right angled triangle is hypotenuse
(b) The unequal side of an isosceles triangles is base.
(c) Other name for equilateral is equiangular C B
6. XA , YB , ZC are called medians P is called centroid.
Yes ⊥ bisector of AB passes through C.
X
11. (a) The point of concurrence of the altitude of a triangle
is called orthocentre.
C B
(b) Incentre is the point where the angle bisector of a
triangle meet.
Y A Z
(c) The Median of a triangle are concurrent at the
centroid.
7. Length of AG is double the length of GD. (d) The circumcentre is the point where the
perpendicular bisector of the sides meet each other.
A
(e) An equilateral triangle can also be called
equiangular triangle.
F G E

E xercise-10. 2
B D C
1. (a) x + 45 + 95° = 180 sum of all ∠ s and ∆
8. They meet on hyptenuse.
P x + 140° = 180
= 180 − 140
x = 40
(b) x = 42° + 75° Exterior ∠ = sum of interior oppsite ∠ s
x = 117°
2. Let ∠ s be 6x, 7x, 5x

R Q
18 x = 180
x = 10°

Mathematica-7 65
 ∴ ∠ s are 6 × 10, 7 × 10, 5 × 10 7. (1) ∠ 1 = 180 − ∠ K
60° , 70° , 50° (2) ∠ 2 = 180 − ∠ L
3. ∠ 1 = 70° Corresponding ∠ s (3) ∠ 3 = 180 − ∠ M
In ∆ ADE (4) ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3
A Adding (1), (2) and (3)
x = 180 + 180 + 180 − (∠ K + ∠ L + ∠ M )
1 20° E = 540 − 180
D
∠ 1 + ∠ 1 + ∠ 3 = 360
70°
8. To find ∠ A + ∠ B + ∠ C + ∠ D
B C
D C
x + ∠ 1 + 20° = 180° 2
x + 70 + 20 = 180° 4
x + 90 = 180°
x = 90°
1
4. ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 = 180 3
35 + 75° + ∠ 3 = 180 A B
110° + ∠ 3 = 180° X
P Join AC
∠ 3 = 70°
3 (1) ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ D = 180
∠ XPZ = 180 − ∠ 3
(2) ∠ 3 + ∠ 4 + ∠ B = 180 Sum of ∠ s of ∆ = 180
= 180 − 70° = 110° 1 2 R
Y
Adding (1) + (2)
∠ PQY = 180 − ∠ 1 Q
Z
(∠ 1 + ∠ 3) + (∠ 2 + ∠ 4 ) + ∠ D + ∠ B = 180 + 180
= 180 − 35°
∠ A + ∠ C + ∠ D + ∠ B = 360
= 145°
9. y=∠D ∠ s opp. to equal sides
∠ QRZ = 180 − ∠ 2
= 180 − ∠ 2 ∠ ACB = y + ∠ D
80 = y + y E
= 180 − 75°
= 105° 80 = 2 y A w
∴ ∠ XPZ + ∠ PQY + ∠ QRZ 40° = y
z y
= 110° + 145° + 105° 65 + 80 + z = 180
= 360° (sum of all ∠ s of triangle = 180)
5. x = 180 − 130° 145° + z = 180
z = 180° − 145° 65° 80° x
x = 50° B C D
z = 35°
x + y + 45° = 180 sum of all ∠ s of ∆
z + y + w = 180 LP
50° + y + 45° = 180°
35° + 40 + w = 180
y + 95° = 180
75° + w = 180w = 180 − 750
y = 180 − 95
w = 105°
y = 85°
∴ x = 180 − 80 = 100 LP
z = 180 − y
∴ x = 100° , y = 40° , z = 35°, w = 105°
= 180 − 85°
10. (1) ∠ 1 + ∠ 5 + ∠ 3 = 180
z = 95°
6. (1) ∠ XZY = ∠ ZXY ∠ s opp. to equal sides (2) ∠ 2 + ∠ 6 + ∠ 4 = 180
sum of all angles of ∆ = 180
In ∆ XZY
∠ XZY + ∠ ZXY + 90 = 180 Adding (1) and (2)
∠ XZY + ∠ ZXY = 180 − 90 ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 4 + ∠ 5 + ∠ 6 = 180 + 180 = 360
∠ XZY + ∠ XZY = 90° 11.
∠ XZY + ∠ XZY = 90 From (1) C
2 ∠ XZY = 90 5 1
∠ XZY = 45° G
D 7 2
(2) ∠ XZA = ∠ ZXY
= ∠ ZXY + 90
6
= ∠ XZY + 90 From (1) 4 3
= 45 + 90 From (2) E F
∠ XZA = 135° (1) ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 4 = 360
= 3 × 45 (2) ∠ 5 + ∠ 6 + ∠ 7 = 180 sum of all ∠ s of quadrilateral
= 3 ∠ XZY From (2)
Adding (1) and (2)
(3) ∠ 1 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 + ∠ 4 + ∠ 5 + ∠ 6 + ∠ 7 = 360 + 180
66 Mathematica-7
 (∠ 1 + ∠ 5) + (∠ 4 + ∠ 6) + ∠ 7 + ∠ 2 + ∠ 3 = 540 Exterior ∠ = sum of interior angles
∠ C + ∠ E + ∠ D + ∠ G + ∠ F = 540 7x = 105
∴ sum of all∠ s of pentegon is 540 x = 15
12. ∠ P + ∠ Q + ∠ R + ∠ S = 360 ∴ third angle of ∆ = 180 − ( 30 + 75° )
sumof all ∠ s of Quadrilateral = 180 − 105
72 + 85 + 103 + ∠ s = 360 = 75°
260 + ∠ s = 360
∠ s = 360 − 260
∠ s = 100°
E xercise-10. 3
13. ∠ 1 = 35 + 32 = 67°
1. (a) Q 3 + 4 < 10
Exterior angle equalsum of interior opps. ∠ s ∴ triangle is not possible
A (b) Q 10 + 9 > 16
35°
9 + 16 > 10
10 + 16 > 9
∴ triangle is possible
x 2
B
32°
C (c) Q 6 + 8 = 14
D 1y 20°
∴ triangle is not possible
E (d) Q 7 + 24 > 25
24 + 25 > 7
∠ 1 + y + 20° = 180 7 + 25 > 24
67 + y + 20 = 180 ∴ triangle is possible
y + 87 = 180°
y = 180 − 87 2. (a) OX + OY > XY 
= 93° (b) OY + OZ > YZ  sum of two sides of ∆ is
∠ 2 = ∠ 1 = 67° V.O. ∠ s (c) OX + OZ > XZ  greater than third side
In ∆ ABD 
(d) OY + XY > OX 
35 + x + ∠ 2 = 180 (sum of all ∠ s of ∆ = 180°) 
X
35 + x + 67 = 180
x + 102 = 180
= 180 − 102 O
x = 78°
14. ∠ B + ∠ C = 180 Cointerior ∠ s are supp. Y Z
∠ B + 45° = 180
∠ B = 135° 3. To prove : AB + AC < BC + 2 AD
∠ D = ∠ C = 45° A
∠ s of isosceles of trapezium A B
∴ ∠ A + ∠ D = 180
∠ A + 45° = 180 45°
∠ A = 180 − 45° D C
∠ A = 135°
15. ∠ ACD = ∠ A + ∠ B Exterior ∠ = sum of interrior opp. ∠ s A D C

= 25 + 100 In ∆ ABD
A (1) AD + BD > AB
sum of two sides is greater than third side
25° (2) AD + DC > AC
(3) AD + ( BD + DC ) + AD > AB + AC [(1) + (2)]
E AD + BC + AD > AB + AC
∴ 2 AD + BC > AB + AC
20° 100° 4.
D C B D C

∠ ACD = 115°
∠ AED = ∠ D + ∠ ACD
O
= 20 + 115°
∠ AED = 135°
16. Let interior opposite ∠ s be 2x, 5x
A B
∴ 2x + 5x = 105
Mathematica-7 67
 To prove : B
(a) AB + BC + CD + AD > AC + BD
(b) AB + BC + CD + AD < 2 ( AC + BD )
(b) OA + OB > AB 
OB + OC > BC  sum of two sides of ∆ is

OC + OD > DC  greater than third side C
A
OD + OA > AD 
Adding all steps (b) Longest side is AB (hypotenuse)
2 (OA + OC + OB + OD ) > AB + BC + DC + AD A
2 ( AC + BD ) > AB + BC + DC + AD
(a) AB + BC > AC 
BC + CD > BD  sum of two sides of ∆ is
CD + AD > AC  greater than third side

AB + AB > BD 
B
Adding all steps C
2 ( AB + BC + CD + AD ) > 2 ( AC + BD ) 2. 2
(a) AC = AB + BC 2 2
∴ AB + BC + CD + AD > AC + BD
5. To prove : = 152 + 82
A AC 2 = 225 + 64
AC = 289
= 17 × 17
F E AC = 17 cm
(b) PR 2 = PQ 2 + RQ 2
262 = PQ 2 + 24 2
B D C
676 = PQ 2 + 576
(a) AB + AC + BD > 2 AD
676 − 576 = PQ 2
(1) AB + BD > AD  sum of two sides of is
 greater than third side 100 = PQ 2
AC + DC > AD  100 = PQ
Adding above two sides 10 cm = PQ
(2) AB + AC + ( BD + DC ) > 2 AD (c) MN 2 = LM 2 + LN 2
(3) AB + AC + BC > 2 AD
(b) To prove : AB + BC + AC > 2 BE = 14 2 + 482
(4) BC + CE > BE  = 196 + 2304
 same as (1)
AC + AE > BE  MN 2 = 2500
Adding above 2 steps MN = 2500
AB + BC + AE + EC > 2 BE MN = 50 cm
(5) AB + BC + AC > 2 BE
(d) DF 2 = DE 2 + EF 2
(c) To prove : AB + AC + BC > 2CF
372 = DE 2 + 122
(6) BC + BF > CF  same as (1)
AC + AF > CF  1369 = DE 2 + 144
Adding above two steps 1369 − 144 = DE 2
BC + AC + BF + AF > 2CF 1225 = DE
(7) BC + AC + AB > 2CF 35 cm = DE
(d) To Prove : (V) TR 2 = TS 2 + RS 2
3 ( AB + BC + AC ) > 2 ( AD + BE + CF )
Adding steps (3) (5) (7) = 62 + 4.52
( AB + BC + AC ) + ( AB + BC + AC ) = 36 + 20.25
2
+ ( AB + BC + AC ) > 2 ( AD + BE + CF ) TR = 56.25
∴ 2 ( AB + BC + AC ) > 2 ( AD + BE + CF ) TR = 56.25
TR = 7.5 cm
E xercise-10. 4 (vi) XZ 2 = YX 2 + YZ 2
10.12 = YX 2 + 9.92
1. (a) Longest side is BC (hypotenuse)
102.01 = YX 2 + 98.01

68 Mathematica-7
 102.01 − 98.01 = YX 2 (c) Q 52 = 25
4 = YX 2 122 = 144
4 = YX 132 = 169
2 cm = YX ∴ 132 = 169
D C
3. Yes, length, breadth and diagonal
∴ 132 = 52 + 122
of rectangle satisfy pythagoras
theorem because all angles of ∴ 5, 12, 13 makePhythagorean theorem triplet
rectangle is 90° (d) Q 4 2 = 16
∴ AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 52 = 25
2 2 2 A B
orBD = AD + AB 62 = 36
36 diagonals of rhombus are Q 4 2 + 52 ≠ 62
4. OA = OC = = 18
2 perpendicular to bisector to each other
∴ 4, 5, 6 not make pythagorean triplet
∴ In ∆ AOB
(e) Q 3.52 = 12.25
AB 2 = OA 2 + OB 2 D C
2 2
30 202 = 400
30 = 324 + OB
2
20.52 = 420.25
900 = 324 + OB O 18
2 30 Q 3.52 + 202 ≠ 20.52
900 − 324 = OB 30 ∴ 3.5, 20, 20.5 not make pythagorean triplet
576 = OB 2 18 (f) Q 7.52 = 56.25
576 = OB A 30 B 4 2 = 16
24 = OB
8.52 = 72.25
∴ BD = 2OB
= 2 × 24 = 48 cm Q 7.52 + 42 = 8.52
∴ other diagonal is 48 cm ∴ 7.5, 4, 8.5 make pythagorean triplet
D C
5. AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 8. Draw PM ⊥ RQ
102 = 82 + BC 2 m
∴ QPMR is rectangle
2 10 ∴ MQ = 15 − 10 = 5 cm
100 = 64 + BC
PM = QR = 12 cm O 10 P
100 − 64 = BC 2 ∴ In ∆ PMQ
36 = BC 2 A 8m B
PQ 2 = PM 2 + MQ 2 12 12
36 = BC PQ 2 = 122 + 52
6 m = BC 5
∴ breadth of room = 6 m PQ 2 = 144 + 25 10
R 15 Q
6. Size of T.V. is BD PQ 2 = 169
D C
∴ BD 2 = AD 2 + AB 2 PQ = 169 = 13 cm
= 102 + 24 2 10cm ∴ Perimeter of OPQR
= 100 + 576 = OP + PQ + RQ + OR
BD 2 = 676 A B
= 10 + 13 + 15 + 12
24cm
BD = 676 = 50 cm
9. Let AB is tree brokent at C touch the ground at P
BD = 26 cm
∴ AC = PC = 18 − 5 = 13
∴ Sizeof TV is 26 cm. A
7. (a) Q 82 = 64 ∴ PC 2 = PB 2 + BC 2
102 = 100 132 = PB 2 + 52 18 – 5 = 13
172 = 289 169 = PB 2 + 52
Q 82 + 102 ≠ 172 169 − 25 = PB 2 13m
C

∴ 8, 10, 17 not make pythagorean triplet 5m

144 = PB 2
(b) 82 = 64
144 = PB 2 P B
102 = 100
12 m = PB
122 = 144 ∴ tree touches the ground 12m from the foot of the
Q 82 + 102 ≠ 122 tree.
∴ 8, 10, 12 not make pythagorean triplet
Mathematica-7 69
 A
10. Let AB , CD are two buildings 7.52 = 62 + BD 2
BC is street 56.25 = 36 + BD 2
10m
AD is ladder
56.25 − 36 = BD 2
Draw DE ⊥ AB D 30m
∴ CBED is a rectangle
E 20.25 = BD 2
DE = BC = 24 m 20m 20.25 = BD 2
AE = AB − DC 4.5 = BD
= 30 − 20 = 10 m In ∆ ADC
C 24m B
∴ In ∆ AED AC 2 = AD 2 + DC 2
AD2 = AE 2 + DE 2
102 = 62 + DC 2
= 102 + 24 2
100 = 36 + DC 2
= 100 + 576
AD 2 = 676 100 − 36 = DC 2
AD = 676 64 = DC 2
AD = 26 m 64 = DC
∴ length of ladder = 26 m 8 = DC
11. Let AB is house and K is kite AK is string and KC is a ∴ BC = BD + DC
tower = 4.5 + 8
Draw AD ⊥ KC = 12.5
K
∴ ABCD is a rectangle Q BC = 12.52 = 156.25
2

∴ AD = BC = 70 m
250
m AB 2 = 7.52 = 56.25
∴ In ∆ KAD AC 2 = 102 = 100.25
AK 2 = AB 2 + KD 2 A D
70m Q BC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2
2 2 2
250 = 70 + KD ∴ ∠ BAC = 90°
25m
62500 = 4900 + KD 2
57600 = KD 2
B 70m C
M C Q
57600 = KD
1. Triangle having no two sides are equal is scalene triangle.
240 = KD
2. One angle of right triangle is 90°
∴ Height of tower = KD + DC
= 240 + 25 ∴ 60 + 90 + third angle = 180
= 265 m 150 + third angle = 30°
12. ABCD is a rectangle ∴ third angle = 30°
∴ other two angles are 30°, 90°
D C
3. Q 52 = 25, 122 = 144, 132 = 169
and 132 = 52 + 122
cm
8.5 ∴ 5, 12, 13 are pythaorean triplet
4. PR 2 = PQ 2 + QR 2 P
2 2 2
A B 17 = 8 + QR
289 = 64 + QR 2 17
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC 2 2
289 − 64 = QR 8
8.52 = 7.52 + BC 2
225 = QR 2
72.25 = 56.25 + BC 2
∴ 225 = QR Q R
72.25 − 56.25 = BC 2
15 cm = QR
16 = BC 2
5. ∠ ACQ = ∠ A + ∠ B
16 = BC
∠ ACQ = 40 + 65
BC = 4 cm
∴ Perimeter = 2 ( l + b ) ∠ ACQ = 105°
= 2 [ 7.5 + 4] cm 6. ∠ ABP = ∠ A + ∠ C
= 2 (11.5) = 40 + (180 − 105)
Perimeter of rectangle = 23.0 cm = 40 + 75
13. In ∆ ABD ∠ ABP = 115°
AB 2 = AD 2 + BD 2

70 Mathematica-7
 ×+5

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

11 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Congruence
×+5 ~ ∆ EFG
×+5
(c) Yes ∆ GDE = 4
E xercise-11. 1
GD = EF = 6
By SSS because
G

6
F

1. ~ CD
AB = (given) DE = FG = 4
D E
~ GE = GE 4
AB + BC = CD + BC Adding BC both sides
AC =~ BD ~ ∆ CDO C
(d) Yes ∆ ABO =
~ ∠ ABC
2. ∠ DEF = (given) 3
By SSS because A
∴ ∠ DEF = 40° AB = CD = 3 5.1
5.1 D
~
3. No, two right triangles are not always = BO = OD = 5.0 3
~
= e.g , AO = CO = 5.1 5.0
B
A 5.0 O
B
3cm
~ to
not = 2cm 6. (a) AB = BC
AE = EC
B 4cm C
3cm BE = BE
(b) ∴ ∆ BEA = ∆ BEC By SSS A E C
4. (a) Two line segments are congruent if their length is
equal. S R
7. PQ = RS given
(b) Two angles are congruent if the measure of angles
are same. PS = RQ given
SQ = SQ common
(c) Two square are congruent if they have same side ~ ∆ QRS
∴ ∆ SPQ = By SSS
lengths P Q
(d) Two circles are congruent if they have same radius Q
~ if they have same side 8. PQ = PS (given)
(e) Two equilateral triangles be =
lengths QR = RS (given) P R
5. (a) Yes ∆ ABC = ~ EDF BY SSS because PR = PR (Common)
~ ∆ PSR
∆ PQR = By SSS S
A 4.0
D F

5.2 5.4 5.2 5.4

E xercise-11. 2
1. (a) AC = DF = 4 cm
B C
4.0 E
∠ C = ∠ D = 55
AB = DE = 5.2 BC = DE = 29.9
BC = DF = 4.0 ∴ ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ FED By SAS
AC = EF = 5.4 (b) PQ = XZ = 2.5 cm
(b) Yes ∆ NMP =~ ∆ NOP by SSS because ∠ Q = ∠ Z = 90
QR = ZY = 2 cm
N ~ ∆ XZY
3.8
∆ PQR = BY SAS
3.8
(c)
M O
3.3 cm
D C
6.1 6.1 40°

P
40°
MN = NO = 3.8 A B
3.3 cm
MP = OP = 6.1
NP = NP CD = BA = 3.3 cm
∠ CDB = ∠ ABD = 40°

Mathematica-7 71
 BD = BD common ~ ∆ RQP
∆ SPQ = by ASA A
∴ ∆ CDB =~ ∆ ABD By SSS 2. (a) ∠ BAD = ∠ CAD ∠ bisector
2. Yes, ∆ XEF =~ ∆ YEF By SAS D AD = AD
∠ ADB = ∠ ADC = 90
Q DE = DF given X Y ~ ∆ ACD B D C
Yes ∆ ABD = by ASA
DX = DY given ~
Subtract 3. For ∆ PQR = ∆ PSR by ASA
DE − DX = DF − DY Q
XE = YF E F
∠E =∠F ∠ s opp. to equal sides
EF = EF Common P R
∆ XEF = ~ ∆ YFE SAS
3. DE = CE given D
B
S
∠ DEA = ∠ CEB V.O. ∠ s
BE = AE given E
A ∠ QPR = ∠ SPR Given
∴ ∆ AED = ~ ∆ BCE SAS C PR = PR Common
or ~ ∆ ECB
∆ EDA = SAS ∠ QRP = ∠ SRP Given
4. PS = QR given 4. To ensure
A
S R ∆ ACO = ~ ∆ BDO by ASA
∠ SPR = ∠ QRP Alternate ∠ s
Q ∠ A =∠B alternate angles O
PR = PR Common C D
~ ∆ RSP AC = BD given
∴ Yes ∆ PQR =
∠C = ∠ D alternate ∠
by SAS B
~ ∆ PQR P Q 5. a = ∠ R = 50° CPCTC
No ∆ PQR not =
c = ∠ Q = ∠ 80° CPCTC
~ ∆ CAD
5. ∆ BAD = by SAS A b = ∠ Z = 40° CPCTC
Q AB = AC given
∠ BAP = ∠ CAP given

Yes,
AP = AP
BP = PC
common
CPCTC
E xercise-11. 4
B P C
1. (a) ∠ C = ∠ F = 90
E xercise-11. 3 AB = ED = 7.3 cm
CA = FD = 4.1 cm
∴ ∆ CAB = ~ ∆ FDE by RHS
1. (a) ∠ B = ∠ E = 61°
(b) ∠ M = ∠ O = 90°
PN = PN Common
BC = EF = 3.8 cm
MN = ON = 2.8 cm
∠ C = ∠ F = 65° ~ ∆ ONP
~ ∆ EFD ∴ ∆ MNP = by RHS
∴ ∆ BCA = by ASA
(c) ∠ B = ∠ E = 90°
AC = DC = 3.9 cm
(b)
AB = DE = 2cm
M R ∴ ∆ ABC = ~ ∆ DEC by RHS
(d) ∠ B = ∠ D = 90°
90° 90°
AC = AC
30° 30°
N O
S T BA = DC = 3.5 cm A
∴ ∆ BAC = ~ ∆ DCA by RHS
∠ N = ∠ S = 90
2. ∠ ADB = ∠ ADC = 90°
NQ = ST
∠ Q = ∠ T = 30° AB = AC (Given)
∆ MNQ =~ ∆ RST by ASA AD = AD (Common) B C
∴ ~ ∆ ACD
∆ ABD = by RHS D
(c) ∠ B = ∠ D = 110°
BO = DO = 3.2 cm
∠ BOA = ∆ DOC V.O. ∠ s 3. (a) x = 6 CPCTC
∴ ∆ BOA = ~ ∆ DOC by ASA z=6 CPCTC
(d) ∠ SPQ = ∠ RSQ = 35 + 25 = 60° (b) x = 12 
PQ = PQ Common CPCTC
y = 13 
∠ PQS = ∠ QPR = 25° 
72 Mathematica-7
 A
PM = QN (given)
4. (a) ∠ BPC = ∠ CPB = 90° ∴ ~ ∆ QNO
∆ PMO = by AAS
P Q ∴ OM = ON CPCTC
BC = BC
PC = QB
~ ∆ QBC By RHS
(b) ∴ ∆ PCB = B C
M C Q
5. In ∆ ABC and ∆ PCB
Vector1. Fac=to
∠ ABC
r ° vers
In
∠ XYZ = 65
e Algebra
∠ A = ∠ P = 90°

×+5
BC = BC (Common) 2. ∠ Y ≠ ∠ R
AC = PB (given) 3. NO = QR CPCTC
∴ ∆ ABC = ~ ∆ PCB By RHS ~ ∆ GEF
4. ∆ BAC = By SSS
6. In ∆ PMO and ∆ QNO
∠ POM = ∠ QON V.O. ∠ s
∠ M = ∠ N = 90°
5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

12 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Construction of Shapes
×+5
(2)Take any point q on AB
×+5
E xercise-12. 1 (3)
(4)
At q draw ⊥ on AB
Withq as centre and radius = 5 cm cut an arc p on ⊥
1. Steps of construction : (5)At p draw a ⊥ on pq and call it CD
∴ CD || AB
T p
3. Steps of construction :
w

p
u C D
q
A B
8.5cm V 4.5cm
(1) Draw a line AB = 8.5 cm
(2) Take any point P outsideAB q
(3) Join P with AB at point q A A
6.5cm
(4) With q as centre and suitable radius draw an arc
cutting pq at u and AB at v (1) Draw aline AB = 6.5 cm
(5) With P as centre and same radius draw an arc (2) Take any point q on it
cutting pq at w (3) At q draw a ⊥
(6) With w as centre and radius = uv cut the previous arc (4) With q as centre and radius = 4.5 cm cut an arc P on ⊥
at T (5) With p as centre draw a ⊥ and call it CD
(7) Join PT to draw line || AB ∴ CD | | AB at a distance 4.5 cm from AB
2. Steps of constructions : 4. Steps of construction :
O T
p C D
C D
w
V
5cm
p
P u Q
7.5cm
q
A B (1) Draw aline PQ = 7.5 cms
6.5cm
(2) Take a point O outside
(1) Draw lineAB = 6.5 cm (3) Join O with PQ at point P

Mathematica-7 73
 (4) With P as centre and suitable radius draw an arc (3) With C as centre and radius = 4.1 cut the previous
cutting PQ at u and OP at v arc at A
(5) With O as centre and same radius draw an arc (4) JoinAB and AC
cutting OP at w ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle.
(6) With w as centre and radius = uv cut the previous arc 3. Steps of construction :
at T A
(7) Join OT and produce it and call it CD
∴ CD || PQ 6 cm
2.5 cm
5. Steps of construction :
C T P D
B 6.5 cm C
w
(1) Draw BC = 6.5 cm
v (2) With B as centre and radius = 6 cm draw an arc
(3) With C as centre and radius = 2.5cm cutthe previous
Q u R arc at A
(4) Join AB and AC
(1) Draw ∆ PQR
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
(2) With Q as centre and suitable radius draw an arc
4. Steps of construction :
cutting QR at u and PQ at v
C
(3) With P as centre and same radius draw an arc
cutting PQ at w
(4) With w as centre and radius = uv cut the previous
arc at T 4cm
4cm
(5) Join PT and produce it to call CD
∴ CD || QR

E xercise-12. 2 (1) Draw BC = 3 cm

A 3cm B

1. Steps of construction : (2) With B as centre and radius = 4cm cut an arc
(3) With C as centre and radius equal to 5 cm cut the
C
previous arc at A y
A x
6cm (4) JoinAB , AC
5cm
Q ∆ ABC is required triangle
35° 30°
5. ∠ B = 180 − (125 + 30)
B C 5cm
B 8cm A = 180 − 155
(1) draw AB = 8 cm ∠ B = 35°
(2) with B as centre and radius equal to 6 cm drawn an (1) Draw BC = 5 cm
arc (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 35°
(3) With A as centre and radius equal to 5 cm cut the (3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 30°
previous arc at C meeting Bx at A
(4) Join BC , AC ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
∴∆ ABC, is required triangle 6. Steps of construction :
2. Steps of construction :
y x
A
B

5cm 4.1cm
40° 35°
A 4cm C
B 6.2cm C
(1) Draw AC = 4 cm
(1) draw AB = 8 cm (2) At A draw ∠ xAC = 40°
(2) with B as centre and radius equal to 6 cm draw an (3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 35°
arc meeting AX at B

74 Mathematica-7
 ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle A
7. ∠ C = 180 − ( 30 + 130)
= 180 − 160 5cm 5cm
∠ C = 20°
x
B 6cm C
A
y
30 (1) Draw BC = 6 cm
°
(2) With B as centre and radius 5 cm cut an arc
130° 20° (3) With C as centre and radius = 5 cmcut the previous
B C arc at A
5.5cm
(4) Join AB, AC
(1) Draw BC = 5.5 cm
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 130°
12. Steps of construction :
(3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 20° y x
Cutting BX at A x
C A
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle x
55°
CA = 8.3 cm y3cmA
8. Steps of construction :
∠ B = 180 − ( 50 + 55° ) 50° 75° 45° 90°
= 180 − 105 A 4.5cm B B 4cm C
∠ B = 75° 60° 30°
(1) Draw AB = 4.5 cm (1) Draw BC = 4 cm B 4.5cm C
(2) At A draw ∠ xAB = 50° (2) Draw ∠ xBC = 45°
(3) At B draw ∠ yBA = 75° y x (3) With C as centre and radius 3 cm cut Bx at A
A
Meeting is BX at C (4) Join AC
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
BC = 4.3 cm 55°
13. ∠ C = 180 − ( 90 + 60)
50°
9. Let ∠ B = ∠ C = x B C = 180 − 150
5cm
∴ x + x + 80 = 180° ∠ C = 30°
∴ 2x = 100 (1) Draw BC = 4.5 cm
x = 50° (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 60°
∴ ∠ B = ∠ C = 50° (3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 30°
(1) Draw BC = 5 cm Cutting BX at A
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 50° (4) ∴∆ ABC is required triangle
(3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 50° 14. Steps of construction :
y x
meeting Bx at A
A y x
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
AB = 4 cm 20° 20° A
10. Let ∠ B = ∠ C = x B 4cm C
∴ x + x + 140 = 180°
2x = 40
45° 45°
x = 20°
(1) Draw BC = 4 cm B 5.5cm C
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 20° (1) draw BC = 5.5 cm
(3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 20° (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 45°
Meeting Bx at A (3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 45°
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
Cuting Bx at A
AB = 2⋅ 2 cm
(4) ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
11. Steps of construction :
15. Steps of construction :

Mathematica-7 75
 x (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 30°
A (3) With C as centre and radius = 4 cm
cut Bx at A
(4) Join AC
7cm ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
19. Steps of construction :
x
90
y A
B 5cm C

(1) Draw BC = 5 cm
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 90°
60° 30°
(3) With C as centre and radius equal to7 cm cut Bx at A
B 6.5cm C
Join AC
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle (1) Draw BC = 6.5 cm
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 60°
16. Steps of construction : (3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 30°
x (4) ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
A 20. Steps of construction :
A x

6cm 4cm

30°
60°
B 5cm C
B 4cm C

(1) Draw BC = 4 cm (1) Draw BC = 5 cm

(2) At B draw∠ xBC = 60° (2) At draw ∠ xBC = 30°
(3) With C as centre and radius = 6 cm cut Bx at A (3) With C as centre and radius = 4 cm
(4) Join AC Cut Bx at A
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle (4) Join AC
17. Steps of construction : ∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
21. Steps of construction :
x
y x
A A

7.5cm
45° 30°
90° B 6cm C
B 5.5cm C
(1) Draw BC = 6 cm
(1) Draw BC = 5.5 cm (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 45°
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 90° (3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 30°
(3) With C as centre and radius = 7.5 cm cut BX at A meeting Bx at A
(4) Join AC ∴ ∆ ABC is required ∆
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle 22. Steps of construction :
18. Steps of construction : x
A x
A

5.5cm

4cm
30° B 6.4cm C
A 5cm C
(1) Draw BC = 6.4 cm
(1) Draw BC = 5 cm (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 60°

76 Mathematica-7
 (3) With C as centre and radius equal to 5.5 cm cut Bx at y
A A x
(4) Join AC
∴ ∆ ABC is required ∆
23. Not possible Q PQ + PR  > QR
30° 60°
24. Steps of construction : B 4.7cm C
A
(1) Draw BC = 4.7 cm
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 30°
4.5cm 4cm
(3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 60°
(4) Meeting Bx at A y x
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle Q
29. Find ∠ R = 180 − ( 70 + 50)
B 5.5cm C
= 180 − 120 = 60
(1) Draw BC = 5.5 cm
(2) With B as centre and radius = 4.5 cm cut an arc
70° 60°
(3) With C as centre and radius = 4cm cut the previous
P 3cm R
arc at A
(4) Join AB , AC
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
25. Steps of construction :
D
Steps of construction :
(1) Draw PR = 3 cm
(2) At P draw ∠ xPR = 70°
3.5cm 3.5cm
(3) At R draw ∠ yRP = 60°
Meeting Px at Q
∴ ∆ PQR is required triangle
E 4cm F 30. Steps of construction :
x
(1) Draw of EF = 4 cm
(2) With E as centre and radius = 3.5 cm cut an arc y A
(3) With F as centre and radius = 3.5 cut the previous
arc at D
(4) Join DE , DF 60° 30°
∴ ∆ DEF is required triangle
B 5.5cm C
26. Steps of construction :
(1) Draw BC = 5.5 cm
A
(2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 60°
(3) At C draw ∠ yCB = 30°
5cm Meet Bx at A
3cm
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
31. Steps of construction :
B 4cm C
x
A
(1) Draw BC = 4 cm
(2) With B as centre and radius equal to 3 cm cut an arc 7cm
(3) With C as centre and radius equal to 5 cm cut the
previous arc at A
75°
(4) Join AB , AC
B 6.5cm C
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle
27. ∠ B = 180 − ( 85 + 115) (1) Draw BC = 6.5 cm
= 180 − 200 = − 20 (2) At B draw ∠ xBC = 75°
∆ not possible (3) With C as centre and radius = 7 cm cut Bx at A
28. Steps of construction : (4) Join AC
∴ ∆ ABC is required triangle

Mathematica-7 77
 32. Steps of construction :
y x

60° 45°
P 7.5cm Q
(1) Draw PQ = 7.5 cm
(2) At P draw∠ xPQ = 60°
(3) At Q draw ∠ yQR = 45°
Meeting Px at R
∴ ∆ PQR is required triangle

78 Mathematica-7
 ×+5

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

13 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Measurement
×+5
(b) Pr = 2 [ l + b]
E xercise-13. 1 320 = 2 ( l + 70)
320 ×+5
= l + 70
1. (a) Perimeter = 1 + 1.5 + 2.5 = 5cm 2
160 = l + 70
(b) Perimeter = 7 + 9 + 6 = 22 cm
160 − 70 = l
(c) Perimeter = 8 + 8 + 8 = 24 cm 90 cm = l ∴ length= 90 cm
(d) Perimeter = 12 + 6 + 12 = 30 cm (c) Pr = 2 ( l + b )
2. (a) Perimeter = 2 ( l + b ) 320 = 2 ( l + 50)
= 2 (10 + 5) = 2 (15) = 30 m 320
= l + 50
(b) Perimeter = 2 ( l + b )= 2 [15 + 12] 2
= 2 ( 27) = 54 m 160 − 50 = l
(c) Perimeter = 2 ( l + b ) 110 cm = l
= 2 ( 25 + 20) = 2 ( 45) = 90 m (d) Pr = 2 ( l + b )
(d) Perimeter = 2 ( l + b ) 320 = 2 ( l + 75)
= 2 [ 50 + 20] Q 0.5 m = 50 cm 320
= l + 75
= 2 ( 70) = 140 cm 2
3(A). (a) Perimeter of square = 4 × side 160 = l + 75
160 − 75 = l
=4×2
85 cm = l
= 8 cm
∴ length = 85 cm
(b) Perimeter of square = 4 × side
6. (a) Pr = 2 ( l + b )
= 4 × 2.5 = 10 cm
(c) Perimeter of square = 4 × side 400 = 2 [120 + b]
= 4 × 4.5 400
= 120 + b
= 18 cm 2
(B) (a) Perimeter of parallelogram = 2 ( l + b ) 200 = 120 + b
200 − 120 = b
= 2 [15 + 15]
80 cm = b
= 2 ( 30) = 60 cm
∴ breadth = 80 cm
(b) Perimeter of parallelogram = 2 ( l + b )
(b) Pr = 2 ( l + b )
= 2 [12 + 10 ]
= 2 ( 22) = 44 cm 40 = 2 (140 + b )
400
(c) Perimeter of parallelogram = 2 ( l + b ) = 140 + b
= 2 (12 + 15) 2
= 2 ( 27) = 54 cm 200 = 140 + b
4. (a) Perimeter of square = 4 × side 200 − 140 = b
60 = b
= 4 × 40 = 160 cm ∴ breadth = 60 cm
(b) Perimeter of square = 4 × side (c) Pr = 2 ( l + b )
= 4 × 64 = 256 cm 400 = 2 (135 + b )
(c) Perimeter of square = 4 × side 400
= 4 × 48 = 192 cm = 135 + b
2
(d) Perimeter of square = 4 × side 200 = 135 + b
= 4 × 24 = 96 cm 200 − 135 = b
5. (a) Pr = 2 ( l + b ) 65 cm = b
320 = 2 [ l + 60] ∴ breadth = 65 cm
320 (d) Pr = 2 ( l + b )
= l + 60
12 400 = 2 [150 + b]
160 = l + 60 400
= 150 + b
100 cm = l 2
∴ length = 100 cm 200 = 150 + b

78 Mathematica-7
 200 − 150 = b 16. (a) Pr of equilateral∆ = 3 × side
50 = b 30 = 4 × side
∴ breadth = 50 cm 30 ÷ 4 = side
7. Perimeter of ∆ = a + b + c 7.5 cm = side
100 = 25 + 30 + c ∴ length of side of square = 7.5 cm
100 = 55 + c 17. Perimeter of square = 4 × side
100 − 55 = c 20 = 4 × side
45 cm = c 20 ÷ 4 = side
∴ third side = 45 cm 5 m = side
8. Fence = Pr of square park 18. Length of the tape = Perimeter of rectangular box
= 4 × 360 = 2 (l + b )
= 1440 m = 2 [ 40 + 10]
∴ cost of fence = ` 15 × 1440 = 2 ( 50)
= ` 21600 length = 100 cm
9. Fence = Pr of rectangular park
= 2 (l + b )
= 2 ( 400 + 300)
E xercise-13. 2
= 2 ( 700)
Fence = 1400 m 1. (a) Area of rectangle = l × b
Cost of fence = ` (18 × 1400) = 36 × 15
= ` 25200 = 540 cm 2
10. Distance covered by Sonu = 5 × Pr of sq park (b) Area of rectangle = l × b
= 5 × [ 4 × side] = 24.5 × 5.8
= 5 × [ 4 × 80] = 142.1 cm 2
= 5 × 320 (c) Area of rectangle = l × b
= 1600 m
= 22.8 × 7.5
distance covered by Ankit = 3 × Pr of rectangle
= 171 cm 2
= 3 × 2 (l + b )
= 3 × 2 ( 250 + 150) (d) Area of rectangle = l × b
= 6 × 400 = 7.9 × 90
distance covered by Ankit = 2400 m = 711 cm 2
Ankit covered more distance by2400 − 1600 = 800 m 2. length of rectangle = 9 dam= 90 m
11. Perimeer of triangle = a + b + c breadth of rectangle = 17.5
= 10 + 14 + 15 ∴ Area of rectangle =l×b
= 39 cm = 90 × 1.75
12. length of table top = 2 m 25 cm = 1575 m 2
= 2.25 m 3. side of square = 7.6 dm = 7.6 × 10 cm
breadth " " = 1 m 50 cm
= 76 cm
∴ Perimeter of table top = 2 ( l + b )
Area of square = side × side
= 2[ 2.25 + 1.50]
= 2[ 3.75] m = 76 × 76 cm 2
= 7.50 m = 5776 cm 2
13. Length of wooden strip = Pr of frame 4. lengths of rectangle = 7 dm
= 2 (l + b ) = 7 × 10 cm
= 2 [ 32 + 31] = 70 cm
= 2 ( 63)
breadth of rectangle = 39 cm
length of wodden strip = 126 cm
∴ Area of rectangle = l × b
14. length of wire needed = 4 × perimeter
= 70 × 39
= 4 × 2 (l + b )
= 2730 cm 2
= 8 [ 0.7 + 0.5]
= 8 (1.2) km 5. length of rectangular field = 260 m
lengthof wire needed = 9.6 km breadth " " = 130 m
15. (a) Perimeter of triangle = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 cm Area of rectangular field = l × b
(b) Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × 9 = 27cm = 260 × 130
(c) Perimeter of isosceles triangle= 8 + 8 + 6 = 22 cm = 33800 m 2

Mathematica-7 79
 33880 90
∴ Area of rectangular field = area = l + 20
100 2
= 338 ares 45 = l + 20
6. Side of square = 75 m 5 dm 45 − 20 = l
= 75.5 m 25 m = length of rectangle
Area of square = side × side 11. Area of Room = Area of carpet
= 7.5 × 7.5 m 2 13 × 11 = l × 0.65
13 × 11
= 5700.25 m 2 m = l (length of carpet)
0.65
5700.25 220m = " "
= hectares
10000 Cost of carpet = ` ( 220 × 6.50)
= 0.570025 hectares = ` 1430
Area of fall short of hectare = 1 − 0.570025 12. Area of carpet = Area of room
= 0.429975 hectare
l × 0.75 = 12 × 8
= 0.429975 × 10000 m 2 12 × 8
l (length of carpet) = m
= 4299.75 m 2 0.75
7. length of black board = 7dm 7 cm = 128 m
= 177 cm 13. Area of floor = Area of carpet
breadth " " = 11dm 5cm 7
8.4 × 5.5 = l ×
= 115 cm 10
Area of black board = 177 × 115 cm 2 8.4 × 5.5 × 10
= l (length of carpet)
= 20255 cm 2 7
Cost of painting = 35 × 20255 paise 66 m = length of carpet
= 712425 paise cost of carpet = 66 × 9.60
= ` 7124.25 = ` 633.6
8. length of playground = 52 m 60 cm 14. Area of floor = Area of carpet
25 × 18 = l × 0.60 m
= 52.60 m 25 × 18
breadth = 35 m 40 cm = l (length of carpet)
0.60
= 25.40 m
750 m = " "
Area of playground = l × b
Cost of carpet = ` 750 × 7.20
= 52.60 × 35.40
= ` 5400
= 1862.04 m 2
15. length of stone = 1m
Cost of turfing playground
breadth " " = 0.9 m
= ` 1862.04 × 3.50
= ` 6517.14 length of verandah = 60 m
distance travelled = 2 × Perimeter of playground breadth " = 6m
= 2 × 2 (l + b ) ∴ No. of stones for paving verandah
= 4 [ 52.60 + 35.40] Area of veradah
=
= 4 × 88m Area of stone
distance = 352 m 60 × 6 360 3600
= = = = 400
distance 1 × 0.9 0.9 9
time taken =
speed Number of stones required = 400
352 16. length of stone = 2.5 m
= seconds
2 breadth of stone = 2 m
= 176 seconds length of ground = 30 m
time taken to go round twice = 2 minute 56 seconds breadth of ground = 16.5 m
9. Perimeter of rectangle = 2 ( l + b ) Ar of ground
No. of stones required =
140 = 2 [ 42.50 + b ] Ar of 1 stone
140 ÷ 2 = 42.50 + b 30 × 16.5
= = 99 stones
70 = 42.50 + b 2.5 × 2
70 − 42.50 = b 17. Length of fence = Perimeter of square ground
27.5 m = breadth of Rectangle = 4 × 30 = 120 m
10. Perimeter of rectangle = 2 ( l + b ) 20.80
cost of fencing = ` 120 × = ` 24.96
90 = 2 ( l + 20) 100

80 Mathematica-7
 Ar of floor
18. No. of tiles required =
Ar of 1 tile
14 × 12.5
E xercise-13. 3
=
0.10 × 0.07 1. ABCD is a rectangle plot
= 25000 tiles S R
70 D C
cost of tiles = ` 250000 ×
100
= ` 17500 22m
19. Let side of square = x units
25m
∴ Area of square = x 2 units A B
(a) New side of square = 2 x P Q
Area of new square = 2x × 2x ∴ AB = 25m, BC = 22m
= 4x 2 ∴ PQ = 25 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 28 m
= 4 × Area of square RQ = 22 + 1.5 + 1.5 = 25m
∴ Area of new square become 4 times the area of Area of gravel walk = Ar PQRS – ArABCD
original square = 28 × 25 − 25 × 22
x = 700 − 550 = 150 m 2
(b) New side of square =
2 2. ABCD is a hall
x x S R
Area of New square = ×
2 2 D C
x2
=
4 10m
1
= (Area of square) 12m
4 A B
1 P Q
∴ Area of new square becomes of the area of
4
∴ AB = 12m, BC = 10m
original square
∴ PQ = 12 + 4 + 4 = 20 m
(c) Perimeter of newsquare = (Perimeter of square) × 3 RQ = 10 + 4 + 4 = 18 m
4 × side = 4 × x × 3 ∴ Area of verandah = Ar PQRS − Ar ABCD
side = 3 x = 20 × 18 − 12 × 10 = 360 − 120
Area of new square = 3x × 3x Area of verandah = 240 m 2
= 9x 2 3. ABCD is a garden
= 9 × Area of square D C
S 5m R
∴ Area of new square becomeds 9 times the area of
original square
400m
20. Let length of rectangle = x
breadth of rectangle = y
P Q
∴ Area of rectangle = x × y
A 500m B
(a) Length of new rectangle = 2 x
breadth " " = y ∴ AB = 500 m, BC = 400 m
Area " " = 2x × y PQ = 500 − ( 5 + 5) = 490 m
RQ = 400 − ( 5 + 5) = 390 m
= 2( xy )
∴ Area of path = Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS
= 2 (Area of rectangle) = 500 × 400 − 490 × 390
∴ Area of new rectangle becomes 2 times the area of = 20000 − 191100 = 8900 m 2
original rectangle
4. ABCD is a garden
(b) length of new rectangle = x D C
breadth " " =2y S 2.5m R
Area " " = x × xy
= 2x × y 25m
= 2 Area of rectangle
∴ Area of new rectangle become 2 times the area of P Q
original rectangle A 30m B

Mathematica-7 81
 AB = 30 m, BC = 25 m = 60 × 2 + 55 × 2 − 2 × 2
∴ PQ = 30 − ( 2.5 + 2.5) = 25 m = 120 + 110 − 4
RQ = 25 − ( 2.5 + 2.5) = 20 m = 226 m 2
∴ Area of path = Area ABCD − Ar PQRS 8. ABCD is a room and PQRS is a floor
= 30 × 25 − 25 × 20
= 750 − 500 = 250 m 2 D C
S R
5. PQRS is a Room
D C
8.5m
S R

10m P Q
12m A 12m B
P Q
AB = 12 m, BC = 8.5 m
A B
∴ PQ = 12 − ( 0.75 + 0.75)
PQ = 12 m. RQ = 10m = 12 − 1.5
∴ AB = 12 + 3 + 3 = 18 m = 10.5 m
BC = 10 + 3 + 3 = 16 m RQ = 8.5 − (0.75 + 0.75)
Area of verandah= Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS = 8.5 − 1.5
= 18 × 16 − 12 × 10 = 7m
= 288 − 120 ∴ Area of floor = PQ × RQ
= 168 m 2 = 10.5 × 7 = 73.5 m 2
Area of 1 brick = 0.25 × 0.12 m 2
9.
= 0.03 m 2
P Q
168
No. of bricks required = = 5600 bricks
0.03 1.5
6. ABCD is a garden T W
C C
D C 140
B B
S 10m R U V

300m S R
150
P Q
A 360m B Area of roads = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS − Ar UVWT
= 150 × 1.5 + 140 × 1.5 − 1.5 × 1.5
AB = 360 m, BC = 300 m
= 225 + 210 − 2.25
∴ PQ = 360 − (10 + 10)
= 432.75
= 340 m
Cost of repairing = ` 432.75 × 120
RQ = 300 − (10 + 10) = 280 m
= ` 519.30
∴ Area of path = Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS
10.
= 360 × 300 − 240 × 280
= 108000 − 95200 S R
= 12800 m 2
Cost of matting = ` 3 × 12800 T W
= ` 38400 D C
250m
7. A B
U V
P Q

W V P Q
D C 300m
55
A B
T U Area of roads = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS − Ar UVWT
= 300 × 3 + 250 × 3 − 3 × 3
S R = 900 + 750 − 9
60 = 1650 − 9
Area of paths = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS – Ar UVWT = 1641 m 2

82 Mathematica-7
 Cost of construction = ` 5 × 1641 D C
= ` 8205 S R
11. ABCD is a painting
D C

S R
28m
5 P Q
A 30m B
P Q
AB = 30 m
A 8 B PQ = 30 − (1 + 1) = 28 m
AB = 8 cm,BC = 5 cm Ar of remaining portion = Ar PQRS
= 28 × 28 = 784 m 2
PQ = 8 − (1.5 + 1.5) = 8 − 3 = 5 cm
Cost of covering grass = ` 0.60 × 784 = ` 470.40
RQ = 5 − (1.5 + 1.5) = 5 − 3 = 2 cm
15. PQRS is a room
Area of margin = Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS
= 8× 5− 5× 2 C C
S R
= 40 − 10
= 30 cm 2
4m 6.50m
12. PQRS is a garden
5.5m
D C P Q
S R
A 8m B

75m PQ = 5.5 m, RQ = 4 m
90m ∴ AB = 5.5 + (1. 25 + 1.25)
P Q
= 5.5 + 2.50 = 8 m
A B BC = 4 + (1.25 + 1.25)
PQ = 90 m, BC = 75 cm = 4 + 2.50 = 6.50 m
∴ AB = 90 + ( 5 + 5) = 100 m Ar of verandah = Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS
= 8 × 6.5 − 5.5 × 4
BC = 75 + ( 5 + 5) = 85 m
= 52.0 − 22.0 = 30 m 2
Ar of path = ArABCD − Ar PQRS
= 100 × 85 − 90 × 75 Cost of cementing = ` 15 × 30 = ` 450
16.
= 8500 − 6750
S R
Ar of path = 1750 m 2
13. PQRS is a flower bed T W
D C
D C 60m
A B
S R U V

P Q
80m

180cm Ar of roads = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS − Ar UVWT

P Q = 80 × 4 + 60 × 4 − 4 × 4
A B = 320 + 240 − 16
= 560 − 16
PQ = 180 cm
Ar of roads = 544 m 2
AB = 180 + ( 20 + 20) = 220 cm
17. ABCD is sheet of paper
Ar of Enlarged flowerbed = ArABCD
= 220 × 220 D C

= 48400 cm 2 C D

Increase in area = ArABCD − Ar PQRS

= 48400 − 180 × 180
= 48400 − 32400
P Q
= 16000 cm 2 or 1.6 m 2
A B
14. ABCD is a square park
AB = 30 cm, BC = 20cm
Mathematica-7 83
 PQ = 30 − ( 4 + 4 ) = 22 cm = 90 × 3 + 60 × 3 − 3 × 3
RQ = 20 − ( 4 + 4 ) = 12 cm = 270 + 180 − 9
Ar of remaining sheet = Ar PQRS = 22 × 12 = 264 cm 2 = 450 − 9 = 441m 2
Ar of strip cut out = ArABCD − Ar PQRS
= 30 × 20 − 264 22. (a)
= 600 − 264 S R Z Y
= 336 cm 2 2m
18. Let width= x m H G L K
D C
ABCD is a rectangular field 3.2m
A B
D C E F I J
S R

P Q W X
94m

Ar of Roads = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS+ Ar WXYZ

P Q − Ar EFGH − Ar IJKL
A B = 94 × 2 + 32 × 2 + 32 × 2 − 2 × 2 − 2 × 2
AB = 38 m, BC = 32 m = 188 + 64 + 64 − 4 − 4
∴ PQ = 38 − ( x + x ) = 38 − 2x = 316 − 8 = 308 m 2
RQ = 32 − ( x + x ) = 32 − 2x (b) Ar of not covered by road = 94 × 32 − Ar of roads
Ar of path = Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS
= 3008 − 308 = 2700 m 2
600 = 38 × 32 − ( 38 − 2x ) ( 32 − 2x )
= 1216 − [ 1216 − 76x − 64x + 4x 2 ] 23. ABCD is a square field
D C
AB = 65m
600 = 1216 − 1216 + 76 x + 64x − 4x 2 S R
PQ = 65 − ( 2.5 + 2.5) = 60 m
4x 2 − 140 x + 600 = 0 Ar of path
or x 2 − 35x + 150 = 0 = ArABCD − Ar PQRS
( x − 5) ( x − 30) = 0 = 65 × 65 − 60 × 60= 4225 − 3600
x = 50, x = 30 (Not possible) = 625 m 2
∴ width = 5 m Q P
Ar of remaining field A
19. B
= 60 × 60 = 3600
S R Total expenses = 625 × 1.50 + 3600 × 0.50
20m = ` ( 937.50 + 1800)
S R = ` 2737.50
D C
800m 24. Ar of shaded portion
A B 16cm
U V D C
D D
P Q
9cm
1000m 6cm
Ar ofcross road = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS − Ar UVWT
A B
= 1000 × 20 + 800 × 20 − 20 × 20 3cm P Q 5cm
= 20000 + 16000 − 400
= Ar ABCD − Ar PQRS
= 36000 − 400 = 35600 m 2
= 16 × 9 − 6 × 8 = 144 − 48 = 96 cm 2
20.
25.
S R
S R
5
T W
D C T W
60m D C
A B 35m
U V A B
U V

P Q
90m P V
50m

Ar of road = Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS − Ar UVWT Ar of shaded portion

84 Mathematica-7
 = ArABCD + ArPQRS − Ar UVWT (e)
= 50 × 5 + 35 × 5 − 5 × 5 0.5 m
= 250 + 175 − 25 0.5 m
= 250 + 150 0.5 m 0.5 m
Area shaded portion = 400 m 2 1.5 m 0.5 m
26. (b) 2.5 m 0.5 m
3.5 m 0.5 m
2m 2m
2m 2m 4.5 m

Area of shaded portion

4m 8m
= 4.5 × 0.5 + 3.5 × 0.5 + 2.5 × 0.5 + 1.5 × 0.5
9m + 0.5 × 0.5
= 2.25 + 1.75 + 1.25 + 0.75 + 0.25
20m
= 6.25 m 2
Area of shaded portion
= 20 × 8 − 9 × 4 − [ 2 × 2 ] × 4
= 160 − 36 − 16 E xercise-13. 4
= 160 − 52
= 108 m 2 1. (a) Ar =
1
× base × height
(c) 2
1
12 m = × 6 × 10 = 30 sq units
D C 2
F 3m 1
N (b) Ar = × base × height
8m E 2
1
H = × 8 × 14 = 56 sq units
9m G 2
I
J 1
6m (c) Ar = × base × height
L K 2
M 1
3m
= × 5 × 20 = 50 sq units
A B 2
1
(d) Ar = × base × height
Ar of shaded portion 2
= Ar ABKM +Ar DCEN + ArGHJI + Ar NFLM 1
= × x × 2x = x 2 sq units
= 12 × 3 + 12 × 3 + 6 × 3 + 9 × 4 2
= 36 + 36 + 18 + 36 1
(e) Ar = × base × height
= 126 m 2 2
1
(d) 30 = × 6 × height
2
5
D C
30 × 2
= height
6
U T 10 units = height
23 m

2m 1
V W
(f) Ar = × base × height
2
4m 1
50 = × base × 5
A B 2
48 m 50 × 2
= base
5
Ar of shaded portion 20 units = base
= Ar ABCD + Ar PQRS + Ar UVWT 1
(g) Ar = × base × height
= 48 × 2 + 23 × 4 − 4 × 2 2
= 96 + 92 − 8 1
= 188 − 8 110 = × base × 11
2
= 180 m 2 110 × 2
= base
11
20 units = base

Mathematica-7 85
 2. (a) Ar of ∆ = 25 ares Area of ∆ = s (s − a ) (s − b ) (s − c )
1 = ( 22.5) ( 22.5 − 7.5) ( 22.5 − 18) ( 22.5 − 19.5)
× base × height = 25 × 100 m 2
2 = 22.5 × 15 × 4.5 × 3
1
× base × 20 = 2500 m 2 = 456.25
2
2500 × 2 Area of ∆ = 67.5 cm 2
base =
20 1
4. Area of ∆ = × base × height
base = 250 m 2
(b) Area of ∆ = 16 hectares 1
6 = × 4 × height
1 2
× base × height = 16 × 10000 m 2
2 6× 2
= height
1 4
× base × 400 = 160000
2 3 cm = height
160000 × 2 1 A B
base = 5. Ar of∆ ADE = Ar of square
400 3
base = 800 m 1 1
× DE × AD = × side 2
3. (a) a = 26 cm, b = 28 cm, c = 30 cm 2 3 6cm
a + b + c 26 + 28 + 30 84 1 1
s= = = = 42 × DE × 6 = × 62
2 2 2 2 3
62
Ar of ∆ = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) 1 36 × 2 D E C
= 42 ( 42 − 26) ( 42 − 28) ( 42 − 30) DE = ×
3 6
= 42 × 16 × 14 × 12 DE = 4 cm
= 14 × 3 × 16 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 6. Let a = 25 x, b = 17x, c = 12x
= 7 × 2 × 3 × 16 × 7 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 ∴ 25x + 17x+ 12x = 540
54x = 540
= 7× 2× 2× 3× 4
x = 10
= 336 cm 2 ∴ a = 250, b = 170, c = 120
(b) a = 48 cm, b = 73 cm, c = 55 cm a + b + c 540
∴ s= = = 270
a + b + c 48 + 73 + 55 176 2 2
s= = = = 88
2 2 2 Area ∆ = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c )
Ar of ∆ = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) = 270 ( 270 − 250) ( 270 − 170) ( 270 − 120)
= 88 ( 88 − 48) ( 88 − 73) ( 88 − 55) = 270 × 20 × 100 × 150
= 88 × 40 × 15 × 33 Ar of ∆ = 81000000
= 8 × 11 × 40 × 15 × 3 × 11 = 9000 cm 2
B
( 2 × 2 × 2) × (11) × ( 2 × 2 × 2 × 5) 1
= 7. Ar of ∆ ABC = × AC × AB
× ( 5 × 3) × 3 × 11 2
1 4cm
= 11 × 5 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = ×4×4
= 1320 cm 2 2
(c) a = 21 cm, b = 20 cm,c = 13 cm Ar of ∆ ABC = 8 cm 2 A 4cm C
a + b + c 21 + 20 + 13 54 3 2
s= = = = 27 8. (a) Ar of equilateral ∆ = side
2 2 2 4
∴ Ar of ∆ = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) 3
= × 122
= 27 ( 27 − 21) ( 27 − 20) ( 27 − 13) 4
3
= 27 × 6 × 7 × 14 = × 12 × 123
= ( 3 × 3 × 3) × ( 3 × 2) × 7 × 7 × 2 4
= 36 3 cm 2 = 36 × 1.732
= 3× 3× 7× 2
= 9 × 14 = 62.352 cm 2
Ar of ∆ = 126 cm 2 3
(b) Ar of equilateral ∆ = side 2
(d) a = 7.5 cm, b = 18 cm, c = 19.5 cm, 4
a + b + c 7.5 + 18 + 19.5 45 3
s= = = = 22.5 = ( 5) 2
2 2 2 4

86 Mathematica-7
 25 3 side 2 = 100 × 4
= cm 2
4 side = 400
25 × 1.732
= = 10.82 cm 2 side = 20 m
4 Perimeter = 3 × 20 = 60 m
9. Ar of Rectangle = l × b 13. (a) a = 8 cm, b = 8 cm, c = 9 cm
20 = 5 × base 8 + 8 + 9 25
4 cm = base s= = = 12.5cm
2 2
1
Area of ∆ = × base × height Area = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c )
2
1 = 12.5 (12.5 − 8) (12.5 − 8) (12.5 − 9)
= × 5× 4
2 = 12.5 × 4.5 × 4.5 × 3.5
Ar of ∆ = 10 cm 2 = 4.5 × 12.5 × 3.5
10. a = 975, b = 1050, c = 1125 = 4.5 × 43.75
a + b + c 975 + 1050 + 1125 = 4.5 × 6.61
s= = = 1575
2 2 = 29.76 cm 2
= s (s − a ) (s − b ) (s − c ) (b) a = 10 cm, b = 10, c = 12
= 1575 (1575 − 975) (1575 − 1050) (1575 − 1125) a + b + c 10 + 10 + 12
s= = = 16
= 1575 × 600 × 525 × 450 2 2
Area of ∆ = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c )
= 1575 × 6 × 525 × 45 × 1000
= 16 (16 − 10) (16 − 10) (16 − 12)
= 1575 × 3 × 2 × 525 × 45 × 1000
= 16 × 6 × 6 × 4
= 1575 × 3 × 525 × 90 × 1000
= 4 × 6 × 2 = 48 cm 2
= 300 1575 × 3 × 525
(c) a = 7.4 cm, b = 7.4 cm, c = 6.2 cm
= 300 2480625
a + b + c 7.4 + 7.4 + 6.2
= 300 × 1575 s= = = 10.5
2 2
Area of ∆ = 472500 m 2 Area s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c )
472500
Area of ∆ = hectares = 10.5 (10.5 − 7.4) (10.5 − 7.4) (104.5 − 6.2)
10000
= 47.25 hectares = 10.5 × 3.1 × 3.1 × 4.3
cost = ` 47.25 × 1000 = ` 47250 = 3.1 10.5 × 4.3
1
11. Area = × BC × AD = 3.1 × 45.15
2 A
= 3.1 × 6.71
1 12
192 = × 24 × AD Area of ∆ = 20.83 cm 2
2
192
= AD (d) Pr = a + b + c
12
11 = x + x + 4
16 = AD
12 12 7 = 2x
AB 2 = AD 2 + BD 2 B 24 C x = 3.5
= 162 + 122 ∴ a = 2.5cm, b = 2.5 cm, c = 4cm
= 256 + 144 3.5 + 3.5 + 4
∴ s= = 5.5
AB 2 = 400 2
AB = 400 = 20 Area = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c )
Pr of ∆ ABC = AB + AC + BC = 5.5 (5.5 − 3.5) (5.5 − 3.5) (5.5 − 4)
= 20 + 20 + 24 = 5.5 × 2 × 2 × 1.5
= 64 cm = 2 × 1.5 × 5.5
12. Area of Equilateral ∆ = 173.2
= 2 × 8.25
3
side 2 = 173.2 = 2 × 2.87
4 Area of ∆ = 5.74 cm 2
173.2 × 4
side 2 = 14. a = 42 cm, b = 34 cm, c = 20 cm
3
173.2 ×4 a + b + c 42 + 34 + 20
side 2 = s= = = 48
1.732 2 2

Mathematica-7 87
 Area = s ( s − a ) ( s − b ) ( s − c ) 2. (a) Area of parallelogram = base × height
= 48 ( 48 − 42) ( 48 − 34 ) ( 48 − 20) = 20 × 13
= 16 × 3 × 6 × 14 × 14 × 2 = 260 sq units
(b) Area of parallelogram = base × height
= 4 × 14 × 6
= 10 × 4
Area of ∆ = 336
1 = 40 sq units
× base × height = 336 (c) Area of parallelogram = base × height
2
1 = 8× 7
× 42 × height = 336 = 56 sq units
2
(d) Area of parallelogram = base × height
336 × 2
height = = 8.75 × 12.5
42
= 109.375 cm 2
height = 16 cm (one longest side)
15. AC 2 = AB 2 + 82 (e) Area of parallelogram = base × height
A
= 24 × 10
1002 = AB 2 + 64 = 240 sq units
10000 = AB 2 + 64 3. Area of shaded region
100cm
1000 − 64 = AB 2 = Area of parallelogram – Area of square
= 16 × 10 − 10 × 10
9936 = AB
= 160 − 100
99.67 = AB
1 B 8cm C = 60 m 2
Area = × BC × AB 4. Area of parallelogram = 2 × Area of ∆ ABC
2
1 a = 5 cm, b = 7cm, c = 9 cm D C
= × 8 × 99.67 cm 2
2 a+ b + c 5+ 7+ 9
s= =
= 398.7cm 2 2 2 9cm
2 21 7cm
Ar = 0.03987 m = = 10.5
2
cost = 25 × 0.03987 m 2 = ` 6
∴ Area of ABC A 5cm A
= s (s − a ) (s − b ) (s − c )
E xercise-13. 5 = 10.5 (10.5 − 5) (10.5 − 7) (10.5 − 9)
= 10.5 × 5.5 × 3.5 × 1.5
1. (a) Area of parallelogram 105 × 55 × 35 × 15
= base × height =
10000
= 32 × 17 = 544 cm 2
5 × 7 × 3 × 5 × 11 × 7 × 5 × 3 × 5
(b) Area of parallelogram = base × height =
100
112 = base × 14
112 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 11
= base =
14 100
15 × 35 × 3.317
8 cm = base =
(c) Ar of parallelogram = base × height 100
1.08 = 1.2 × height Area of ∆ ABC = 17.41cm 2
1.08 ÷ 1.2 = height Area of parallelogram = 2 × Area of ABC
0.9 dm = height = 2 × 17.41
(d) Area of parallelogram = base × height = 34.81cm 2
1 1
= 13 × 1 5. Area of parallelogram = DC × AE
4 2
53 3 or " " = BC × AF
= × = Area of parallelogram ∴ DC × AE = BC × AF
4 2
159 18 × 6.4 = 12 × AF
= Area of parallelogram 18 × 6.4
8 = AF
7 12
19 = Area of parallelogram
2 9.6cm = AF
(e) Area of parallelogram = base × height 6. Let altitude = x ∴ base = 3 x
= 21.3 × 1.75 m 2 ∴ Area of parallelogram = base × altitude
2 192 = 3x × x
= 3.7275 m

88 Mathematica-7
 192 = 3x 2 3. d = 28 cm, r = 14 cm,
2 circumference of wheel = 2 πr
64 = x
22
64 = x = 2× × 14 2
7
8= x
= 88 cm
∴ base = 3 × 8 = 24 cm distance travelled
altitude = 8 cm No. of revolution =
circumference
7. Area of parallelogram ABCD = AB × DE 11 × 1000 × 100
100 = 20 × DE =
88
100
= DE Number of revolutions = 12500
20 12530
5 cm = DE 4. Radius of Earth =
2
Q AD 2 = DE 2 + AE 2 = 6265 km
132 = 52 + AE 2 Circumference = 2 π r
22
169 = 25 + AE 2 = 2× × 6265 km
7
169 − 25 = AE 2
Circumference of earth = 39380 km
144 = AE 2 21
5. Number of revolution = =7
144 = AE 3
AE = 12 cm 6. Radius of wheel = 49
Circumference of wheel = 2 πr
E xercise-13. 6 = 2×
22
7
× 497

= 44 × 7
1. (a) c = 3.3 = 308 cm
2 π r = 3.3 192 × 100
22 No. of rotation =
2× × r = 3.3 308
7 = 625 revolutions
3.3 × 7 7. Let radius = r
r=
2 × 22 ∴ l + l + 2 π r = 600 m
33 × 7 200 + 200 + 2 × 3.142 × r = 600
r=
2 × 22 × 10 400 + 6.284 r = 600
21 6.284 r = 200
r= 200
40 r= m
21 6.284
d = 2× r = 31.83 m
40
21 9. Let r1 = 6x, r2 = 7x
d= m c1 2 πr1
20 =
21 c 2 2πr2
= × 1005 cm
20 r 6x
= 1 =
d = 105 cm r2 7x
2. (a) r = 4.2 cm c1 6
=
c = 2πr c2 7
22
= 2× × 4.2 10. 2 πr = 440
7
22 R
c = 2 × 22 × 0.6 2× × r = 440
7 r
c = 26.4 cm 2
r = 70
(b) r = 7.2 cm, ∴ R = 70 + 7
c = 2πr R = 77 m
22
= 2× × 7.2 Circumference of outer circle = 2 π R
7 22
316.8 = 2× × 77
= 7
7 = 2 × 22 × 11
c = 45.26 cm = 484 m

Mathematica-7 89
 Cost of fencing = 3 × 484 10
70 × 40 × 7
= ` 1452 =r ⇒ 35 cm = r
11. Let radius = r 4411
∴ diameter = 2r ∴ diameter = 35 × 2
Circumference = diameter +135 = 70 cm
2 πr = 2r + 135 15. Perimeter of circle = Pr of square
2 πr − 2r = 135 2 πr = 4 × side
2 π ( π − 1) = 135 22
2× × 355 = 4 × side
22 7
2r  − 1 = 135
 7  44 × 5
= side
22 − 7  4
2 r   = 135 55 cm = side of square
 7 
15
2r   = 135
 7 E xercise-13. 7
135 × 7
r=
2 × 15 1. (a) Area of circle = πr 2
r = 31.5 cm 22
= × ( 7.7) 2
12. Let radius = r 7
22
∴ diameter = 2r = × 7.7 × 7.7
7
circumference = radius +111
= 186.34 cm 2
2 πr = r + 111
2 πr − r = 111 (b) Area of circle = πr 2
r ( 2 π − 1) = 111 22
= × 72
44  7
r  − 1 = 111
 7  = 22 × 7
44 − 7  = 154 cm 2
r   = 11 77 2
 7  2. (a) Area of circle = m
8
37
r   = 111 77
 7 πr 2 =
8
111 × 7 22 2 77
r= ×r =
37 7 8
r= 3× 7 7
2 77 7
r = 21 cm ∴ d = 42 cm r = ×
13. Boundary of circular park = 2 πr 8 22
2
22 49
= 2× × 84 r=
7 16
= 2 × 22 × 12 7
r= m
= 528 m 4
" " square park = 4 × side 7 7
∴ d = 2× = = m
= 4 × 44 4 2
= 176 m (b) Area of circle = 616 m 2
boundary of circular park 528 πr 2 = 616
=
boundary of square park 176 22
3 × r 2 = 616
= = 3:1 7
1 616 × 7
r2 =
14. Perimeter of rectangle = Pr of circle 22
l × b = 2πr r 2 = 196
22 r = 196
70 × 40 = 2 × ×r
7 r = 14 m
∴ d = 2 × 14
d = 28 m

90 Mathematica-7
 3. C1 3
8. = (given)
C2 4
2 πr1 3
R = r1 + r1 + r1 =
2 πr2 4
r1 3
∴ =
A = A1 + A 2 + A 3 r2 4
2
πR = πr12 + πr22 + πr32
2
A1 πr1 r 3
2
= = 1 =  
πR 2 = π ( r12 + r22 + r32 ) A 2 πr 2 r2  4 
2
R 2 = 32 + 4 2 + 122 A1
=
9
= 9 + 16 + 144 A 2 16
2 ∴ A1 : A 2 = 9 : 16
R = 169
A1 25
R = 169 9. =
A 2 49
R = 13 cm
4. R =
20 6
= 10 cm, r = = 3 cm πr12 25
2 2 =
πr22 49
Area of ring = π ( R − r 2 )
2
R
r r1 25 r1 5
22 = ⇒ =
= [ 102 − 32 ] r2 49 r2 7
7
22 c1 2 πr1
= × (100 − 9) ∴ =
7 c 2 2 πr2
22 r
= × 91 = 1
7 r2
Area of ring = 286 cm 2 C1 5
= or C1 : C 2 = 5 : 7
5. Area of circle = 49 Area of circle of r = 3 m C2 7
= 49 × π ( 3) 2 10. Perimeter of square = Perimeter of circle
π R 2 = 49 × π × 9 4 × side = 2 πr
22
R 2 = 49 × 9 4 × 11 = 2 × ×r
7
R = 49 × 9 4 × 11
× 7= r
R =7× 3 2× 2
R = 21 m 7 cm = r
22 22
∴ Circumference = 2 πR = 2× × 21 = 132 m Area of circle = πr 2 = × 72 = 22 × 7
7 7
6. Let r1 = 1x, r2 = 3 x Area of circle = 154 cm 2
2
A1 πr1 r12 (1 x ) 2
∴ = = =
A 2 πr 2 r 2 ( 3 x ) 2 11. Area of circle = 154 cm 2
2 2
A1 1x 2 πr 2 = 154
= 22
A2 9 x2 × r 2 = 154
7
A1 : A 2 = 1 : 9 154 × 7
7. Circumference = 2 πr r2 =
22
22 r 2 = 49
132 = 2 × ×r
7
r = 49 ⇒ r = 7 cm
132 × 7
=r ∴ diameter = 7 × 2
44
= 14 cm
21 = r
12. (a) Area of shaded portion
Area of circle = πr 2
= Area of square – Area of circle
22 22 × 441
= ( 21) 2 = = 402 − π ( 7) 2 = 1600 −
22
× 49
7 7 7
Area of circle = 1386 cm 2 = 1600 − 22 × 7 = 1600 − 154
= 1446 cm 2

Mathematica-7 91
 (b) Let radius of semicircle = r 22  7 7
r = 7+ + 
∴ r + r + r + r = 70 r 7  2 2 
4 r = 70 r 22
= [14] = 22 × 2
r = 17.5 cm r 7
Area of shaded portion = Area of four semicircle length of boundary = 44 cm
πr 2
=4× = 2 πr 2
22
2 M C Q
= 2× × (17.5) 2
7 1. Area of square = x 2
44
= × 306.25 = 1925 cm 2 x
2
x2 1
7 Area of new square =   = = (x 2 )
13. Area of remainng portion  2 4 4
= Area of rectangle – Area of 2 semicircle 1
= Area of square
πr 2 4
= l × b − 2× 1
2 ∴ Area become of original area x
22 4 x 2
2
= 10 × 8 − πr = 80 − × ( 3.5) 2 2. Area of field = 1.5 hm 2
7
= 80 −
22
× 12.25 = 80 − 38.5 = 1.5 × (100 m ) 2 = 1.5 × 10000 m 2
7 l × b = 15000 m 2
Area of remaining portion = 41.5 cm 2 250 × b = 15000
14. 15000
b= ⇒ b = 50 m
250
40 3. Altitude 2.9 cm
70 ∴ side = 2 × 2.9 = 5.8cm
Area of parallelogram = base × altitude
r= —40
2 = 5.8 × 2.9 = 16.82 cm 2
r = 20 1
4. Area of ∆ = × base × height
Total Area = Area of rectangle + Area of 2 semicircle 2
πr 2 1
=l×b+2 21= × 6 × height
2 2
22 21 × 2
= 70 × 40 + πr 2 = 2800 + × 202 = height
7 6
7 cm = height
= 2800 + 1257.14 = 4057.14 m 2 1
7 5. Area of ∆ = × b × h
15. r1 = 7, r2 = r3 = 2
2 1 1
Area of new ∆ = × b × 2 h = 2  × b × h
2  2 
Area of new ∆ = 2 Area of original ∆
r1 5
r2 r1 6. =
r2 7
7 7
C1 2 πr1 r1
= =
πr12 πr22 πr32 C 2 2πr2 r2
Area of shaded portion = − + C1 5
2 2 2 =
π 2 C2 7
2 2
= [ r1 − r2 + r3 ] ∴ C1 : C 2 = 5 : 7
2
2 2 7. Let length = l, breadth = b
22  2  7   7 
=  7 −   +    ∴ Area of rectangle = l × b
2× 7  2 2 
New length = 3 l
22 breadth = l
= × 49 = 12 × 7
2× 7 New Area = 3 l × b = 3 ( l × b )
Area of shaded portion = 77 cm 2 ∴ Area become 3 times
3
(a) Length of boundary = πr1 + πr2 + πr3 8. Area of equilateral ∆ = side 2
= π ( r1 + r2 + r3 ) 4

92 Mathematica-7
 Vector Factor Inverse Algebra

=
1.732
× 82 =
1.732 × 6416 ×+5
9. Area of each part =
Area of square 82 64
= =
4 4 2 2 2
= 27.71cm 2 Area of each part = 32 cm 2

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

14 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Symmetry
×+5 A

E xercise-14. 1
×+5
6.
BD is line of symmetry
1. (a) A rhombus has two lines of symmetry. B D
(b) An angle has a lines of symmetry which is bisector
of the angle. C
(c) The line of symmetry for an isosceles triangle is the 7.
perpendicular bisector of the base. l2
(d) A circle has infinite lines of symmetry.
(e) A parallelogram has no line of symmetry.
(f) A line of symmetry is also called axis of symmetry l1
or mirror line.
2. (a) True (b) False (c) False
(d) False (e) False (f) True 8. Number of line symmetry
(g) False (h) False (a) Equilateral triangle 3
3. Angle will its mirror image make 30° with the mirror line. (b) Isosceles triangle 1
4. (a) (b)
(c) Scalene triangle 0
(d) Square 4
(e) A rectangle 2
(c) (d) (f) A rhombus 4
(g) A parallelogram 0
(h) A Quadrilateral 0
(i) A regular hexagon 6
(j) A circle Infinitely many
(e) (f)
(k) A regular pentagon 5
(l) A regular octagon 8
9. Alphabets with vertical mirror reflectional symmetry
(g) (h) (a) A, H, I, M, O, T, U, V, W, X, Y
(b) Alphabets with horizontal mirror reflectional
symmetry B, C, D, E, H, I, O, X
(c) Alphabets with horizontal and vertical mirror
(i) (j) reflectional symmetry H, I, O, X
10. (a) line of symmetry of isosceles triangle is median
5. (b) line of symmetry of a circle is diameter
11. English alphabets which have more than two lines is O

One No One No No No No Two

E xercise-14. 2
1. Fig. a, b, d have rotational stmmetry.
No Infinite
Mathematica-7 93
 2. H, I, N, O, S, X, Z have rotational symmetry. 11. H, O, X have both linear symmetry and rotational
3. No there is no letter of Hindi alphabet having any type of symmetry.
symmetry. 12. Number of line symmetry Order of rotational
4. (a) Linear symmetry M, O, T, H, E,A, D symmetry
(b) Rotational symmetry O, N, H (i) 2 2
(c) No symmetry R, L (ii) 3 3
5. Rotational symmetry Yes/No angle order (iii) 2 2
(a) Yes 180° 2 (iv) 0 2
(b) Yes 180° 2 (v) 4 4
(c) Yes 180° 2 (vi) 2 2
(d) Yes 90° 4 (vii) 2 2
(e) No __ __ (viii) 3 3
(f) Yes 60° 6 (ix) 0 2
(g) Yes 90° 4
(x) 4 4
(h) Yes 120° 3
(xi) 2 2
6.
(xii) 1 2
angle of rotation 60°
order of rotation 6
M C Q
7. Line of symmetry of a semicircle is a
line perpendicular bisector of diameter
AB. 1. None of these have point symmetry.
A B
No it has no rotational symmetry 2. Isosceles triangle has one line of symmetry
8. Scalene triangle and parallelogram are examples of a 3. O has a point symmetry
geometrical figure which has neither a linear symmetry
4. Kite has a line of symmetry
nor a rotational symmetry.
9. Square have both linear and rotational smmetry of order
Vector5. Fa
Wow does r have In
ctonot a point e
verssymmetry
Algebra

more than 1.
10. (a) Yes we can have a rotational symmetry of order
more than 1 whose angle of rotation is 45°.
(b) No, we can not have a rotational symmetry of order
more than 1 whose angle of rotation is 17°.
×+5
6. Square has four lines of symmetry
7. Circle have unlimited lines of symmetry
8. Kite has one line of symmetry

5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

15 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Visualising Solid Shapes
×+5
(c) Cylinder Road roller, water pipe, gas cylinder,
E xercise-15. 1 (d) Sphere
pillars
×+5
ball, football, earth, laddu
3. (a) False (b) False (c) True
1. Shape No. of No. of No. of
(d) True (e) True (f) False
faces edges vertices
4. Vertex Edges
(a) Cuboid 6 12 8 (a) 7 7
(b) Cube 6 12 8 (b) 4 4
(c) Cylinder 3 2 0 (c) 6 9
(d) sphere 1 0 0 5. (a) Front face is NRSO
(e) Cone 2 1 1 (b) Edges which meet at Q are MQ , RQ , TQ
2. (a) Cone icecream cone, birthday cap, heap of (c) degree of face OPTS are OP , PT , TS , SO
sand, pyramid etc. (d) face which meet at edge MP are MNOP, TQMP
(b) Cube dice, ice cube, etc. (e) lateral facesare MNRQ, NRSO, POST , MQTP

94 Mathematica-7
E xercise-15. 2 (b)
4cm 4cm
1. 2.
3cm 4cm 4cm 4cm
6cm 4cm
3cm 4cm
2cm 4cm 4cm

5cm 2cm

4cm 4cm
4cm
3. 4. 4cm 4cm 4cm
4cm
4cm
5cm

4. length = 4.8 cm breadth = 2.3 cm, height = 2 cm

2cm 5. We will get a cube of side 4 cm.

E xercise-15. 3 E xercise-15. 4
6. (a) (b) (c)
1. (c) Represent the net of a cube

2. (a)
4cm M C Q
1. Circle is not a solid figure.
Vector2.
4cm 4cm
4cm Facof
Number r
tocuboid inIn
given e is A
versfigure 8.lgebra
3. Number of faces a cylinder has 3.
×+5
4cm 4cm
4cm 4cm 4cm 4cm 4. Number of edges a cone has 1.
4cm 5. Number of vertices of a cuboid are equal to a cube.
4cm 4cm
4cm 4cm 4cm

4cm 4cm
5+215+215+215+215+215+215+21

16 10×2110×2110×2110×2110×21
Data Handling
×+5 74 + 80 + 74 + 92 305
E xercise-16. 1 (f) Mean =
4
70 + 82 + 70 + 2 224
=
5
= 80
×+5
(g) Mean = = = 56
20 + 50 + 20 + 10 + 50 150 4 4
1. (a) Mean = = = 30 7 + 6 + 9 + 5 + 4 + 10 + 8 49
5 5 (h) Mean = = =7
450 + 650 + 600 + 500 + 550 2750 7 7
(b) Mean = = = 550 48.0 + 45.5 + 25.5 + 26 + 32 + 33.5
5 5 (i) Mean =
15 + 20 + 80 + 75 + 5 + 50 245 6
(c) Mean = = = 40.83 210.5
6 6 = = 35.08
12 + 5 + 13 + 2 + 8 40 6
(d) Mean = = =8 2. (a) Ascending order : 5, 7, 7, 15,16
5 5
th th
88 + 56 + 47 + 67 + 47 305 n + 1 5 + 1
(e) Mean = = = 61 Median =   term =   term
5 5  2   2 

Mathematica-7 95
 = 3rd term = 7 5. For Median,
(b) Ascending order 2, 5, 8,12, 13 Ascending order : 1, 5, 100, 1000, 1250, 3275, 3275,
th th 5025, 5100, 10000
n + 1 5 + 1
Median =   term =   term th th
 2   2   n  n
+  + 1
 2 2 
= 3rd term = 8 Median =
2
(c) Ascending order = 81, 86, 99, 99, 100
th th
5 term + 6th term 1250 + 3275 4525
th
n + 1 5 + 1 = = =
Median =   =   term 2 2 2
 2   2  Median = 2262.5
= 3rd term = 99 6. For John
(d) Ascending order : 10, 20, 20, 40, 50, 50 79 + 81 + 89 + 81 + 78 + 82 + 84 574
Mean = = = 82
n + 1
th 7 7
Median =   term Ascending order : 78, 79, 81, 81, 82, 84, 89
 2  th
7 + 1
7 + 1
th Median =   term = 4 th term = 81
=   = 4 th term = 40  2 
 2 
Mode = 81
(e) Ascending order : 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 For Ramu
th th
n + 1 5 + 1 63 + 83 + 69 + 82 + 86 + 92 + 92 567
Median =   =   = 3rd term = 550 Mean : = = = 81
 2   2  7 7
(f) Ascending order : 81, 81, 91, 92, 95 Ascending order = 63, 69, 82, 83, 86, 92, 92
th
th th 7 + 1
Median = 
n + 1
 = 
5 + 1
 = 3rd term = 91 Median =   term = 4 th term = 83 ; Mode = 92
 2   2   2 
(g) Ascending order : 3, 6, 12, 13, 24, 32, 33, 35, 37 For Rita
th th 68 + 78 + 71 + 81 + 84 + 78 + 79 539
n + 1 9 + 1 Mean = = = 77
Median =   =   = 5th term = 24 7 7
 2   2  Ascending order : 68, 71, 78, 78, 79, 81, 84
(h) Ascending order : 4, 5, 6, 20, 25, 28, 28, 32, 33 th
7 + 1
th th Median =   = 4 th = 78 ; Mode = 78
n + 1 9 + 1  2 
Median =   =   = 5th term = 25
 2   2  For Amjad
(i) Ascending order : 6, 10, 12, 16, 22, 26, 36 88 + 70 + 82 + 64 + 85 + 70 + 87 546
Mean = = = 78
th th 7 7
n + 1 7 + 1
Median =   =   = 4 th term = 16 Ascending order : 64, 70, 70, 82, 85, 88, 77
 2   2  th
7 + 1
(j) Ascending order : 18, 20, 26, 29, 30, 33, 40 Median =   = 4 th term = 82 ; Mode = 70
th th  2 
n + 1 7 + 1
Median =   =   = 4 th term = 29 For Buddhadeb
 2   2 
72 + 62 + 73 + 69 + 73 + 68 + 73 470
3. (a) Mode of 23, 53, 2, 23, 67, 43, 66, 4 is 23 Mean = = = 70
7 7
(b) Mode of 3, 5, 4, 3, 5, 4, 1, 4 is 4 Ascending order : 62, 68, 69, 72, 73, 73, 73
(c) Mode of 97, 115, 82, 71, 136, 105, 115 is 115 th
7 + 1
(d) Mode of 6, 12, 6, 18, 12, 24, 12 is 12 Median =   = 4 th term = 72 ; Mode = 73
 2 
(e) Mode of 20, 50, 20, 50, 17, 15, 25, 50, 25,15 is 50
For Gurjeet
(f) Mode of 46, 45, 34, 50, 99, 45, 46, 42, 45, 46 is 45
74 + 76 + 84 + 73 + 70 + 70 + 85 532
4. Mean Mean = = = 76
16 + 40 + 44 + 16 + 40 + 40 + 80 + 17 + 64 + 64 + 100 7 7
= Ascending order : 70, 70 73, 74, 76, 84, 85
11 th
7 + 1
=
521
= 47.36 Median =   = 4 th term = 74 ; Mode = 70
11  2 
Mode = 40 For Latha
Median (Ascending order) : 16, 16, 17, 40, 40, 40, 85 + 94 + 83 + 94 + 87 + 79 + 80 602
Mean = = = 86
44,64,64, 80, 100 7 7
th Ascending order : 79, 80, 83, 85, 87, 94, 94
11 + 1
Median =   term = 6th term = 40 7 + 1
th
 2  Median =   = 4 th term = 85 ; Mode = 94
 2 
96 Mathematica-7
 For Fatima
100 + 88 + 95 + 75 + 95 + 92 + 85 630
Mean = = = 90
7 7

Mathematica-7 97
 Ascending order = 75, 85,88, 92, 95, 95, 100 2.
th scale : 1 cm = 1000 km
 7 + 1 th
Median =   term = 4 term = 92
 2 
Mode = 95 7000 6670
6280 6050
7. For Pathan 6000
24 + 104 + 5 + 54 + 99 + 54 + 17 357
Mean = = 5000
7 7

Length (km)
4000
Mean = 51 3040 2900
Ascending order : 5, 17, 24,54, 54, 99, 104 3000
th
 7 + 1 th 2000
Median =   term = 4 term = 54
 2  1000
Mode = 54

Hill
St. Lawer.
Amazon
Mississippi
Bramputra
For Dravid
101 + 29 + 84 + 90 + 42 + 84 + 74
Mean =
7
504 Rivers
Mean = = 72 3.
7
scale : 1 cm = 1%
Ascending order : 29, 42, 74, 84, 84, 90, 101
th 12.8
 7 + 1 th 13
Median =   term = 4 term = 84
 2  12 11.5
11.25
Mode = 84 11
For Dhoni 10 9.8
22 + 98 + 4 + 202 + 22 + 43 + 22
Mean = 9 8.5
7
413 8
Mean = = 59
Growth Rate

7 7 6.4
Ascending order : 4,22,22, 22, 43, 98, 202 6 5.8
th
 7 + 1 th 5
Median =   term = 4 term = 22
 2  4

Papua Guinea
Mode = 22 3

Paskistan
Malyasia
Thailand

E xercise-16. 2
Neapl

India
China

Countries
1.
4.
scale : 1 cm = 500 trees

2500 scale : 1 cm = 1000 lakhs

2500
800
2000
Covered Area (Km)

700
1800 700
1500 600 545
Population (lakhs)

500
1000
750 400 3.53 340
370

500 450 300

150 250
200 170
Bamboo

Aru

Others
Sal

Sandalwood
Teak

100 45 60
H.P.

Karnataka
Bihar

Rajasthan

West Bengal
J.K.
Punjab
A.P.

Types of Trees

States

Mathematica-7 97
 5.
7.

1800
1715 1715 scale : 1 cm = ` 1000
1700
1600 800
6850
1500 700 6550
6700

1400 600 5500

1330 5200

Tickets sold (` )
1300 500 4400
1225
1200 400
1120
1100 300

Endeavour
Freedom

Equality
1000 200

Felicity
Air distance (km)

Amity
Peace
900 100
800
Houses
700
600 8.
500
400
scale :: 11 cm
cm==10°C
10°C
300
Hydrabad
Bangolore

200
Mumbai
Calcutta

Chennai

50

Maximum temp. (0°C)

46.4
100 42.5
38.5
40

Cities 30
23
6. 20

8.5
10
scale : 1 cm = 1000 km 2
Delih

Chennai

Shimla

Leh

Jaisalmer
9980
10000
9000 8510

8000 7680
Cities
7000
6000
Area in (1000 km2)

5000
4000
3290
3000
2000
1220
1000
1000 370 300 315
Brazil

India
Egypt

Japan
Phillippines
Poland
S. Africa
Australia

Canada

Countries

98 Mathematica-7
 9. 11.
scale : 1 cm = 100 students scale : 1 cm = 100 lakhs
1100
1000
2500
2500 900
2400 800
700
2300 700

Population (lakhs)
2200 600
530
2100 500
2000 400 340
1900 300
1800
1800 200 170
130
1700 100
1600

A.P.
U.P.
Rajasthan
Punjab
Bihar
Haryana
1500
No. of Children

1400
1300 1250
States
1200
12.
1100
1000 scale : 1 cm = 10%
900 860
100 97
800
90
700
80
600 540 70
Population (lakhs)

500
60
52
Maria Montessory

400 50
300
50
Shishu Mandir

300
Little Pearls

40
Joh Conon

35
St. Mary's

200
30
D.A.V.

24
100
20
10 5
School

10.
Bangladesh
.Egypt
India
Italy
Rwanda
Somalia

scale : 1 cm = 1000 cars

Countries
10000 9600

9000 8800

8000
7000
7600
E xercise-16. 3
6000
No. of Cars

A. 1. All the above is an experiment.

5000
4400 2. Landing on red is an outcome
4000
3200 3. None of the above not have equally likely outcome.
3000 5
B. 1. P (vowel) =
2000 26
1000 800 Q Vowels are 5 out of 26 alphabets
6
2. P (odd number) =
Feb.

11
May
April

June
Jan.

March

Q Odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11

Month

Mathematica-7 99
 4 2
3. P (2, 4, 5 or 6) = =
6 3 M C Q
4 1
4. P (10) = =
52 13 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 + 19
1. Mean = = 10
Q there are 4 ten in 52 cards 10
12 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10 + 12 + 14 + 16 72
5. P (Picture cards) = 2. Mean = = =9
52 8 8
4 1 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 25
6. (a) P (Blue marble) = = 3. Mean = = =5
24 6 5 5
6 1 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 17
(b) P (Yellow marble) = = 4. Mean = = = 4.25
24 4 4 4
4 1 5 + 10 + 15 + 20 + 25 75
(c) P (Red marble) = = 5. Mean = = = 25
24 6 5 5
10 5 6. Ascending order
(d) P (White marble) = =
24 12 31, 35, 36,38, 40,44, 45,52,55,60
(e) P (Blue or yellow) =
4 + 6 10 5
= = 5th + 6th term 40 + 44
Median = = = 42
24 24 12 2 2
4 + 10 20 5 7. Mode of 2, 2, 6, 3, 0, 2,5, 6 is 2
(f) P (Red or white) = = =
24 24 6 8. Range is 43.2 – 23 = 20.3
(g) P (Red, blue, yellow or white) 4
9. P (blue ball) =
4 + 4 + 6 + 10 24 13
= = =1
24 24 1
10. P (N ) =
Probability of getting red or blue or yellow or white 4
marble is a certain event. 1
11. P (4 ) =
6
4
12. P (odd ) =
7
1
13. P( M ) =
9

100 Mathematica-7