Penugasan VTE Lecture 19

Name : Klarissa Salma Raesita

NIM : 19/444290/KU/21640

Group : 4

Class : International

1. List the risk factors for VTE

 General surgery on a large scale
 Major orthopedic surgery is required.
 Paralysis of the lower extremities as a result of a spinal cord injury
 Pelvic, hip, or long bone fractures
 Multiple adversity
 Cancer – all malignancies raise the risk, especially if they have spread widely and
if they are lung, brain, lymphoma, gynecologic (ovary or uterus), or
gastrointestinal (intestinal) cancers (like pancreas or stomach). Chemotherapy and
cancer surgery increase the danger much more in cancer patients.

Individually, the causes listed below are insufficient to support VTE prevention
actions. However, a combination of two or more of these factors may warrant action,
influencing the type and length of preventative treatment, such as:

 Patients who have had a previous episode of VTE have a greater risk of
recurrence.
 Patients above the age of 40 are at an increased risk, which increases with each
following decade.
 Obesity—- Obese people have a two-fold increased risk of VTE compared to
people of normal weight, and the higher the weight, the higher the risk.
 Long-term immobility, such as that seen during long travel, when paired with
other major risk factors raises the chance of VTE.
 For menopause symptoms, oral contraceptives or estrogen therapy may be used.
 VTE in the family, especially if it affects a first-degree relative (parent, sibling,
child)
 Inactivity on the physical level
 Clotting disorders caused by genetic mutations

2. Mention the signs of DVT

 The affected leg is swollen. Swelling in both legs occurs infrequently.

 The leg hurts. The discomfort usually begins in the calf and feels like cramping or
tightness.
 Leg skin that is red or discolored.
 A warm sensation in the affected limb.
 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can strike without warning.
REFERENCES

Mayo Clinic (2020). Deep vein thrombosis - Symptoms and causes. [online] Mayo Clinic.
Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-
thrombosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352557.
www.heart.org. (2017). Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). [online]
Available at: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/venous-thromboembolism/risk-
factors-for-venous-thromboembolism-vte.