Name :- P.

ARAVINDA REDDY

Regno :- RA2211003011479

Section :- F2

1.What is constitutional assembly? who were its members and what were their
responsibilities?
A gathering of delegates who are either elected or appointed to design or update a country's
constitution is known as a constitutional assembly. Representatives from a variety of backgrounds,
including as political parties, civil society organisations, and occupational associations, frequently sit
in a constitutional assembly.

Members of a constitutional assembly have a variety of duties, but they typically create the
fundamental structure of government, specify the authority of the various departments of the
government, and determine the rights and freedoms of the populace. In some circumstances,
ratifying or adopting the new constitution may also fall under the purview of a constitutional
assembly.

Members of constitutional assembly

 Sheikh Abdullah
 Naziruddin Ahmad
 Raghib Ahsan
 Syed Amjad Ali
 B. R. Ambedkar
 Madhav Shrihari Aney
 Frank Anthony
 Asad Ullah Jan Khan
 Asaf Ali
 N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
 Maulana Azad
 Prithvi Singh Azad

2. Find out and write how many amendments, articles, parts and schedules currently
our constitution consists of ?

There are 448 articles in all, broken down into 25 divisions and 12 schedules, in the Indian
Constitution. The Constitution was adopted on November 26th, 1949, and has undergone 104
amendments since then.

The Indian government's organisational structure, the functions of the various branches of
government, and citizen rights are all outlined in the Constitution's provisions. The schedules give
supplementary information on specific subjects including the distribution of seats in the Indian
Parliament, the management of tribal territories, and the management of the nation's financial
resources, while the portions of the Constitution are used to arrange relevant articles together.

The Indian Constitution, which reflects the nation's varied cultural, linguistic, and religious
background as well as its dedication to democracy, secularism, and the defence of individual rights
and liberties, is one of the world's longest and most comprehensive constitutions.

3. Paste the preamble. Explain the key terms mentioned it.

"WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN
SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens:

JUSTICE, Social "WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a
SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its , economic and
political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT,
ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION."

Here are the explanations of key terms mentioned in the preamble:

Sovereign: India is an independent nation and has the power to govern itself without any
external control.

Socialist: India aims to create a society where wealth and resources are distributed equally
among all citizens, thus promoting the welfare of all.

Secular: India does not have a state religion, and all religions are equal and have the freedom to
practice their faith.

Democratic: India is a democratic country where the people have the power to elect their
representatives and make decisions through a democratic process.
Republic: India is a republic, which means that the head of the state is elected by the people and
not inherited.

Justice: India aims to provide justice to all its citizens, regardless of their social, economic, or
political status.

Liberty: India guarantees its citizens the freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, and
worship.

Equality: India aims to provide equal opportunities and status to all its citizens.

Fraternity: India strives to promote unity and integrity among its citizens while assuring the
dignity of every individual.

Constituent Assembly: The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly, which
was a body elected specifically for the purpose of drafting the Constitution.
4. What is the difference between Constitutional and fundamental rights

Constitutional rights and fundamental rights are related but distinct concepts.

On the other hand, fundamental rights are basic human rights that are thought to be crucial for
preserving an individual's dignity as well as a just society. They are regarded as universal and
unalienable, which means that neither the government nor any other organisation can take them
away. The freedom from torture and slavery, as well as the freedom of thought, conscience, and
religion, are a few examples of fundamental rights.

Rights that are specifically listed and safeguarded by a country's constitution are known as
constitutional rights. The written constitutions that serve as the supreme law of the land contain
these rights. The freedom of speech, religion, and the press, the right to keep and bear weapons, the
right to a fair trial, and equal protection are a few examples of constitutional rights under the law.

Despite the frequent confusion between the two categories, it's crucial to understand that not all
constitutional rights are also regarded as basic rights and vice versa. While some nations may grant
legal protection for fundamental rights by non-constitutional mechanisms, other nations may do so
by adding additional rights to their constitutions that are not considered essential.

5. What are the various acts pertaining to various kinds of freedom?

India has several laws that pertain to various kinds of freedom. Here are some of the major ones:

The Indian Constitution: The Indian Constitution guarantees a number of fundamental rights,
including as freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, and religion, as well as the
right to be free from discrimination on the basis of one's race, caste, gender, or place of birth.

The Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA), which was passed in 2002, was created to address issues
related to or incidental to the prevention of terrorism in India.

The UAPA, or Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act This law was passed in 1967 to address issues
related to the prevention of particular illegal conduct by people and organisations.

The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) was passed in 2005 to protect
women from domestic abuse and address issues related to or incidental to such protection.

Act to Prevent Atrocities Against Members of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes: This law was
passed in 1989 to stop crimes and atrocities against people who belong to the Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes.

The Right to Information Act (RTI): This act was enacted in 2005 to provide for setting out the
practical regime of right to information for citizens.

These are some of the major acts in India that pertain to various kinds of freedom.
6. Write a note on Human Rights Violation in your words. 

Any actions or conduct by people, groups, or governments that violate the fundamental liberties and
rights that each and every person is entitled to is referred to as a human rights violation. These
rights, which are outlined by numerous international laws and agreements, include the right to life,
freedom from discrimination, freedom of speech and expression, the right to work and receive an
education, the right to be free from torture and other inhumane treatment, and the right to form
and participate in political organisations, among others.

When these rights are infringed, it not only severely affects the victim but also has a negative effect
on society as a whole. Human rights violations frequently lead to widespread suffering, instability,
and conflict in addition to undermining the basic foundations of justice, equality, and fairness.

Governments are tasked with defending, advancing, and holding accountable those who transgress
fundamental rights. The international community must intervene to stop and remedy violations of
human rights when states refuse to. To safeguard and advance human rights all around the world,
this may entail using diplomatic pressure, economic sanctions, or other forms of action.

In conclusion, it is crucial that we cooperate to safeguard and advance these fundamental rights for
all people because human rights violations are a severe and ongoing issue in many regions of the
world.