TECHNICAL DATA OF

HVAC SYSTEM
FOR INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

1. AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC)

HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) refers to maintaining the temperature,
humidity, air flow and cleanliness in the air-conditioned space as design conditions and to
realizing the indoor environment where the occupants can enjoy pleasant and healthy
activities and the indoor facilities can be continuously operated in a stable state.

TEMPERATURE

AIR FLOW HVAC CLEANLINESS

HUMIDITY

In addition to satisfying the above four conditions, the industrial HVAC system filters
unpleasant odors, corrosive organic chemical gases, radiation pollutants and provides
sterilized air or pressurization according to the architectural use to the room. HI AIR
KOREA has provided the integrated solutions of the design, fabrication, construction and
service for air conditioning and refrigeration systems in various power plants, nuclear
power plant, petrochemical plant, desalination plant and shipbuilding.

Page 1 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

2. HVAC SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION

HVAC systems can be classified into four types such as all air system, all water system,
water-air system and refrigerant system by heat transfer medium.

In industrial HVAC system all air HVAC system is usually adopted because it is more
advantageous to meet the air change requirement prescribed by an architectural use. All
air system only utilizes air as heat transfer medium for air conditioned space. It is typical
that central air handling unit allocates or returns the required air into/from rooms by air
duct, and this type is also called to central air conditioning system.

CAV(constant air volume) system is a type of central air conditioning systems to supply
the air of constant air volume and variable air temperature coped with indoor heat load
variation. VAV(variable air volume) system is another type of central air conditioning
systems to supply the air of constant air temperature and variable air volume coped with
indoor heat load variation.

Although VAV system is profitable in point of view for energy saving, it is mainly adopted
in HVAC systems of mass building only because its initial cost is higher than CAV due to
more additional devices and more complex electrical configuration.

In addition, HVAC system could be classified to the water cooling type utilizing water or
the air cooling type utilizing air in condensing process.

DX(direct expansion) system is a type to transfer directly indoor heat by evaporating the
refrigerant.

As well as, HVAC systems can be diversely classified according to installation types, heat
sources and etc.

Page 2 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

3. HVAC SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

3.1 Air Handling Unit (AHU) Configuration

Return Air Exhaust Air Outside Air Supply Air

1 2 3 4 5 6
< Front View of AHU >

3.1.1 Return Fan Section: Return air from air-conditioned area comes into AHU and
a certain amount of the air is exhausted to outside.

3.1.2 Mixing Section: The return air is mixed with outside air intake from outdoor.
Outside air flow rate is determined by sum of the exhaust air flow rate and the
pressurization air flow rate.

3.1.3 Filter Section: The dusts and foreign substances in the outside air and return
air are filtered to meet indoor air cleanliness by air filters.

3.1.4 Cooling Coil Section: Cooling coils are usually made of copper tube and
aluminum fins. Cooling coil carries out the heat transfer between the mixed air
and refrigerant by using the characteristic of absorbing heat when liquid
refrigerant evaporates into gas refrigerant. During the process, condensate
water can be made because mixed air is dehumidified when mixed air is
cooled down below the dew point.

3.1.5 Heating Coil Section: Stainless steel fin type electric heaters are generally
adopted, and they make low temperature of mixed air to high temperature for
heating in winter.

3.1.6 Supply Fan Section: Double suction inlet centrifugal fan is usually installed,
and it provides the required amount of supply air into the rooms through air
ducts.

Page 3 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

3.2 Air Cooled Condensing Unit (ACCU) Configuration

1 3 5

<Front View of ACCU> <Side View of ACCU>

3.2.1 Compressor: Low temperature low pressure refrigerant gas evaporated from
evaporator is compressed to high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant
gas by compressor.

3.2.2 Air Cooled Condenser (condensing coil): Condensing coil transfers heat from
high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from
compressor to the outside air, so that it makes the refrigerant become
condensed and liquefied.

3.2.3 Oil Separator: Compressor discharges high-pressure refrigerant gas including

a small amount of lubricant. If the amount of discharged lubricant increases,
compressor encounters lower performance and lower lifetime due to
overheating, abrasion, leakage. To prevent this problem an oil separator is
located between compressor discharge part and air cooled condenser, so that
it gathers the discharged lubricant and gets back the lubricant to compressor.

3.2.4 Accumulator: Accumulator is located between evaporator and compressor

suction part, and separates refrigerant gas and refrigerant liquid. It prevents
entering refrigerant liquid into compressor because refrigerant liquid can occur
serious troubles in compressor.

3.2.5 Receiver Tank: Receiver tank is a container to preserve temporarily the

condensed refrigerant, so that the fully condensed refrigerant liquid is
selectively sent to expansion valve. As well, it is also used as a refrigerant
preservation tank for pump down on maintenance time.

Page 4 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

3.3 HVAC System Flow Diagram

Page 5 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

4. AIR HANDLING UNIT SELECTION

Building HVAC Load Calculation Air Volume m3/h

· Horizontal · Combined
· Packaged · Underfloor
· Anti-vibration Type
· Accessories and Location
AHU Type / Installation · Maintenance Direction
· Cooling Load kcal/hr · Suction/Discharge Direction
· Entering Air Condition DB1, WB1
· Leaving Air Condition DB2, WB2
· Type: DX, Chilled Water
· Chilled Water In/Out Temp. ℃
· Refrigerant Evaporating
Pressure kg/cm2
Cooling Coil Calculation

· Heating Load kcal/hr

· Entering Air Condition DB1, WB1
· Leaving Air Condition DB2, WB2
Heating Coil Calculation · Type: Electric, Hot Water, Steam
· Hot Water In/Out Temp. ℃
· Safety Device and Accessories

Water Eliminator Calculation

· Humidifier Type
Humidifier Selection · Humidification Capacity kg/hr
· Operating Pressure kg/cm2

· Filter Efficiency (AFI/NBS/MERV)

Filter Selection · Media Material
· Type: Pleated / Bag / Roll / etc.

· Interior Static
Pressure mmAq · Type / Efficiency %
Fan Selection · Rotation Speed rpm
· Exterior Static · Motor Power kW
Pressure mmAq

· Housing Type / Insulation

Specification Determination · Material / Thickness
· Painting Specification / Color

Page 6 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

5. GENERAL HVAC MAINTENANCE

5.1 Preservation and Maintenance

5.1.1 Precautions for Maintenance

1) Do not approach or enter the equipment when the fan is running.

2) You should to enter the equipment after equipment are electrically and
mechanically shut down completely.

3) You should start up equipment after the surroundings are arranged and
unnecessary parts are removed.

5.1.2 Equipment Preservation

1) The filters should be cleaned with warm water or neutral detergent

dissolved water at least once a week. (Please make sure the filter cleaning
is available according to filter specification before filter cleaning)

2) The cooling coil and condensing coil should be cleaned with warm water
or neutral detergent dissolved water at least once a month.

3) Grease lubrication for fan bearings should be carried out once a month
after initial operation, and twice a year after that.

4) The tension of V-belt should frequently be checked and keep it tightened.

5.1.3 Precautions for Air Volume Increase/Decrease of System

1) When air volume increase is required;

a) If air volume needs to be increased without row number increase of

coils, please check the motor operating current has enough capacity
margin compared to the rated current.

b) Modify the motor or fan pulley for fan rotation speed (rpm) increase
within the maximum motor operating current.

c) If you modify the motor or fan pulley ignoring procedure a), the system
malfunction or fire can break out due to overload and overheating.

2) When air volume decrease is required;

a) Check amount of air volume for decrease.

b) Modify the motor or fan pulley for fan rotation speed (rpm) decrease.

Page 7 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

5.1.4 Precautions When Stopping the Fan

If fan power is suddenly or artificially cut off, shut off and check pumps and all
the electrical parts related to the coil (chilled water, hot water, steam) in order
to remove the reasons for fire and equipment damage.

5.1.5 Inspection and Design Review for Drain Trap

1) Check the drain trap is normally operated by pouring water onto drain pan.

2) If the drain is improper during the fan is running, compare the negative
pressure around drain pan and the trap seal depth of installed drain trap.

3) In case the trap seal depth cannot be sufficiently secured, install a drain
check valve.

FAN STOPPED FAN RUNNING DRAIN DURING FAN RUNNING

Piping Dimensions ΔP mmAq 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 200

(Negative Pressure L mm 50 50 50 50 50 50 65 75 90 100 125
Drain Section) H mm 15 25 50 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250

5.2 Regular Maintenance

5.2.1 General Cautions

1) In order to keep the equipment in the optimum condition all the time, it is
necessary to make a regular maintenance plan and carry out maintenance
and inspection according to the plan.

Page 8 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

2) If maintenance is required, make sure that all the rotating machines are
mechanically and electrically stopped

3) All switches must be turned off.

4) Bear in mind that there is a risk of serious accident caused by rotating

object or electric shock if you do not comply the above.

5.2.2 Weekly Maintenance

1) Check the clogged condition of all filters. (If the clogged state is over the
recommended value, replace or clean the filters with warm water or
neutral-detergent-dissolved water.)

2) Remove the erosion, scale and fur caused by water (ex. humidifier and
water coils)

5.2.3 Quarterly or Semiannual Maintenance

1) Carry out the grease lubrication for all bearings, and check the coupled
state between bearing and seal.

2) Check the tension of V-belt, and keep it tightened or replace it if required.

3) Adjust again the tension of V-belt after 1~2 days from the initial fan
operation.

4) The loosened tension of V-belt adversely affects to the power transmission

and rotational motion.

5) Check the lubrication condition of motors, and carry out the grease
lubrication for motor bearings according to the inspection schedule
attached at the motor if necessary.

6) Check the condition of the coil and fan, and clean them using warm water
of 50 ℃ or less if necessary.

7) Check the condition of the refrigerant and lubricant through sight glass. If
any moisture or yellow color is observed in sight glass, replace the filter
drier or filter drier core.

8) The check items for the electrode humidifier should be limited to the
disassembly and cleaning for cylinder, the operation status of water supply
valve and drain pump and the general cleaning. If the humidifier normally
runs for a long time, the electrode will be burned or covered with abundant
scale. At that time, you can replace the cylinder, or disassemble and
inspect it. (Check and replace the O-ring if you disassemble the cylinder)

Page 9 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

5.2.4 Annual Maintenance

1) Inspect the painting condition on the equipment, and repair or touch up the
peeled or damaged surfaces.

2) Wipe off the contaminated parts of equipment housing and fan wheel, and
recoat on them with an equivalent quality paint product or a rust proofing
agent.

3) Check the leakage and rust of drain pan, and repair if necessary.

4) Check the damper and connection state, and tighten the bolts if necessary.

5) Flush out the interior of coil copper tube with a cleaning agent in case of
chilled water type.

6) Disassemble and flush out the valves and strainers thoroughly.

7) Check the condition of wiring connections.

8) Clean dust and impurities inside the air handling unit.

5.2.5 Preventive Measure of Freezing Burst in Winter

(For details, refer to our operation manual)

In winter, the cooing water coil and pipe of the air handling unit should be
thoroughly managed because they are prone to be frozen and burst.

1) Pull out thoroughly the water in the cooling water coil and pipe of the air
handling unit in winter.

2) Check whether there is the air leakage by installing the motorized damper
on the outside intake duct to prevent entering outside air when the air
handling unit stops.

3) Control valve for heating should not be fully closed in winter, and the
minimum opening angle of the valve should be secured for anti-freezing.

4) Install the total heat exchanger if necessary.

5) Do not over-design the cooling coil.

6) If the indoor or outdoor unit is located in a cold place, add antifreeze such
as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol into water and manage the
concentration of antifreeze according to the minimum ambient temperature.

Page 10 of 11
 29 DEC 2017
Rev. A

FOR DETAILS
If you need more information for us, please check the page online.
http://www.hiairkorea.co.kr/

Technical Supports and Quote Inquiries:

HI AIR KOREA Co., Ltd.

Project & Sales Dept. / Industry HVAC Sales Team
Manager Sunggyu Jung
Telephone: +82-51-319-7707
E-mail: sgjung@hiairkorea.co.kr

Page 11 of 11