Chapter Overview of

Heating, Ventilation, and

Air Conditioning(HVAC)
Presented By
Jubair Bin Haider
Executive Engineer (E/M)
PWD EM division- 9

Topics Overview

 1.0 Heat Transfer

When an air-conditioning system cools, it is actually removing heat and transferring
its somewhere else.
There are two forms of heat energy:
i. Sensible heat
ii. Latent heat
 2.0 Air Conditioning
 3.0 Refrigeration system
 4.0 Vapor Compression cycle
 

Topics Overview
 5.0 General Provisions of HVAC system
HVAC system controls and optimizes the following factors in the building
a) Temperature b) Relative humidify
c) Air quality d) Air movement
e) Noise and vibration f) Energy efficiency and Fire safety.
 6.0 General Design Aspect of Air-Conditioning System
 Select internal conditions required, temperature and humidity, whether for comfort or for process
or for equipment/ storage area.
 Calculate cooling load required, floor wise/zone wise based on Design-criteria given in ASHRAE
Hand Book/ Carrier’s Hand Book/ Trane’s Hand Book.
 Select the system of Air-conditioning depending on the type of Building and its use-All-Air, All-
Water and Air/ Water mixed.
 Once the system is selected, the duct/ pipe layout must be carefully designed to have required
air flow/ water flow in conditioned area and return air/ water system.

Topics Overview
 6.0 Inside Design Condition 7.0 Outside Design Condition
Acceptable values of inside design conditions for summer is Acceptable values of inside design conditions for
provided in Table-A summer is provided in Table-A
 

Topics Overview
 8.0 Ventilation Air

 9.0 Design Considerations for cooling load calculation

To Calculate the space cooling load; detailed building information,
location, site and weather data, internal design information and operating
schedules are required.

Information regarding the outdoor the outdoor design conditions and

desired indoor condition are the standing point for the load calculation.

Topics Overview
 10.0 NOISE AND VIBRATION
Selection and installation of equipment for HVAC system shall be such that noise and vibration
transmitted to the space served by the system shall not exceed the recommended value for the
space served.
Equipment room: Equipment room for installation of air handling units, refrigeration machinery,
pumps, boilers, blowers and other equipment, which produce noise and vibration, shall not
preferably be located adjacent to any acoustically sensitive area
Air Ducts: Air ducts shall be so designed and installed to avoid any transmission of noise and
vibration which may be picked up by the duct system from equipment room or adjoining rooms.
Vibration Control: Appropriately designed vibration isolators shall be installed under the machinery
to restrict vibration transmission to structures.
 

Topics Overview
 11.0 Types of Air Conditioning system
11.1 Window (Unitary) Air Conditioner
A window air conditioner is a packaged unit controlling of a compressor, condenser, evaporator, expansion valve, fan, filter appropriate
control and a housing.
Application
Window (unitary) air conditioner should be mounted preferably at the window sill level on an external wall, where hot air from air-
cooled condenser can be discharged without causing nuisance

11.2 Split Air Conditioner

A split system is an air conditioning system that has separate cabinets for the evaporator and the condenser. The cabinets are connected
by refrigerant lines, plumbing and electrical conductors. The evaporator of a split system is located inside a building, called indoor unit
and the condenser in located outdoor, caller outdoor unit..
Installation
Wall mounted unit and similar exposed indoor unit are provided with installation plate for ease in installation. Care shall be taken to
ensure that enough clearance space is available below the ceiling in order to have free intake of return air. Outdoor unit is mounted on an
epoxy-coated steel frame in an open area so that the fan of the air cooled condenser can discharge hot air to the atmosphere,
without any obstruction.
Application
Split air conditioner is suitable for wide range of applications including residences, small office, club, restaurant, showroom,
departmental store, and others.

Topics Overview
 11.0 Types of Air Conditioning system
11.3 Packaged Air Conditioner
It is a self-contained unit suitable for floor mounting, designed to provide conditioned air to
moderate rise conditioned spaces.
Application
Packaged unit is suitable for wide range of applications including office, club, community hall, banquet hall,
showroom, departmental store other
11.4 Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF)
Variable Refrigerant flow (VRF) is an air-conditioning system where There is a one outdoor condensing unit and
multiple indoor units. VRF can be explained as a multiple Split Air-conditioning system wing Principle of control
of flow/quality of Refrigerant through the indoor unit to control cooling and heating medium.
Application
It is suitable for the existing building, requiring central AC but the space for providing AC plant, height of
ceiling for during, water supply for skilled water lines is unavailable.
 

Topics Overview
 11.0 Types of Air Conditioning system
11.5 Central Air Conditioning system
Central Air Conditioning System are generally deviated into three basic types, classified by the methods by which
final spaces cooling in affined.
These are as follows:
i) All Air System
ii) All Water System
iii) Air Water System
Chillers
Chiller are the heart of the chilled-water central air conditioning system. They serve the pivotal faction of
creating the cooling effect required to maintain comfort conditions. Chillers utilize the vapor compression
(mechanical) or absorption refrigeration cycle to produce chilled water. There are generally two different types
of chillers in central air conditioning system:
i) Air Cooled
ii) Water Cooled