16.

1-650 EFFECTIVE LENGTH METHOD [Comm. 7.2.

TABLE C-A-7.1
Approximate Values of Effective
Length Factor, K
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

Buckled shape of
column is shown by
dashed line

Theoretical K value 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0

Recommended
design value when
0.65 0.8 1.0 1.2 2.1 2.0
ideal conditions are
approximated

End condition code

Alignment Charts. The most common method for determining K is through use of
the alignment charts, which are shown in Figure C-A-7.1 for frames with sidesway
inhibited and Figure C-A-7.2 for frames with sidesway uninhibited (Kavanagh,
1962). These charts are based on assumptions of idealized conditions, which seldom
exist in real structures, as follows:
(a) Behavior is purely elastic.
(b) All members have a constant cross section.
(c) All joints are rigid.

Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, August 1, 2022

American Institute of Steel Construction

Part 16.1 Commentary App5-8 & Ref (628-710).indd 650 2023-01-23 10:30 PM