Introduction to Management

Assignment No 2:

M.Shakeeb-Khalid (BSE-193082)

Submitted to:
Mam Ayesha Tahreem

Department of Software Engineering

Capital University of Science & Technology, Islamabad
Q: Is there a difference between wrong decisions and bad decisions? Why do good managers
sometimes make wrong decisions? Bad decisions? How can managers improve their decision-
making skills?

Answer:
Yes, there is a difference between wrong decisions and bad decisions. Wrong decisions are those
that lead to unintended or undesired outcomes, often due to inaccurate information or
misjudgment. Bad decisions, on the other hand, result from poor reasoning, lack of analysis, or
disregard for ethics and long-term consequences.

Good managers sometimes make wrong decisions because they have to work with limited or
imperfect information, time constraints, or cognitive biases. They may make bad decisions due to
pressure, lack of experience, or overconfidence.

To improve decision-making skills, managers can:

1. Gather relevant information: Seek accurate, timely, and diverse data to make well-informed
decisions.
2. Analyze and evaluate: Critically examine the information, weigh pros and cons, and consider
alternatives.
3. Learn from experience: Reflect on past decisions, identify patterns, and apply lessons
learned to future decisions.
4. Develop emotional intelligence: Recognize and manage emotions, and empathize with others
to make better interpersonal decisions.
5. Foster a culture of open communication: Encourage diverse perspectives and constructive
feedback to challenge assumptions and minimize biases.
6. Think long-term: Consider the potential consequences and sustainability of decisions.
7. Practice ethical decision-making: Align decisions with organizational values and ethical
principles.
8. Delegate and collaborate: Involve team members in decision-making processes to leverage
their expertise and share responsibility.
9. Manage risk: Identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks associated with decisions.
10. Continuously learn and adapt: Stay updated on industry trends, best practices, and new
decision-making tools or techniques.