Ac.

2 RELATIVE CLAUSE Practice: Class # 2

RELATIVE PRONOUNS:
Who,Whom,That,Which,Where,Whose
Who/That + V / Whom/That + S + V = for people/a person
Preposition + whom/that = people/a person
That /Which = for things, animals, places = cities, countries,
towns, villages, ports, etc.
“THAT” = NEVER uses COMMAS in a Non-Defining
Which = USES COMMAS
Whose = Possession/Ownership + singular, plural, countable or
uncountable nouns.
Where = place When = time
Relative clause: replace the Noun it refers to. Relative clauses
are used to connect two sentences.
*The Relative Pronoun goes after the Noun referred to.
Relative Clauses as Subject: Omit the Subj. of the 2nd sent.
SV C=N S=These people = Omit/Take out/Replace
1-I like people. These people are fun.
- I like people who are fun.
2-I love pizza. It is scrumptious. It = omit Subj.
- I love pizza that/which is scrumptious.
S= N. Ph. (Adj. Clause) ---------------goes at the end.
3-The pizza (is scrumptious). I love it. It = omit Obj.
- The pizza which I love is scrumptious.
4-The Dr. is good. She operates hearts.
- The Dr. who operates hearts is good.
5-The dog are trained. They are smart.
- The dog which are smart are trained.
6-The guitar plays well. I love playing it.
-The guitar which I love plays well
7-The guitar sounds amazing. It is green
-The guitar which is green sounds amazing
Relative clauses as Object: Omit Obj.
sv n s v ph. prep. Obj.
8-I like people. I (like to go out) with them./these people.
- I like people whom I like to go out with.
- I like people with whom I like to go out. = Formal
9-The guitar plays well. I love playing it.
-The guitar which/that I love playing plays well.
10-She loves her car. She loves driving it fast.
- She loves her car which she loves driving fast.
11-I like math subjects. I like to study math subjects./them.
-I like math subjects which I like to study.
12-Did you hear my birds? I hear them every morning.
-Did you hear my birds which I hear every morning.
13-I love people. I can give books to them.
-I love people whom I can give books to.
-I love people to whom I can give books =Formal
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Whose: possession/ownership. Whose replaces the Poss. Adj.=
my, his, her, its, our, their, your, Judy’s + NOUNS
Whose shoes are these? / Whose pen is this one?
S=N. Ph. (Goes at the end) Poss. Adj. + noun
1*The man went to Canada. His papers are in the mail.
- The man whose papers are in the mail went to Canada.
2*The lady has a lot of them. Her cats are all different.
- The lady whose cats are all different has lots of them.
3*That show is about a woman. Her husband leaves her.
-That show is about a woman whose husband leaves her.
4*I read a novel about a Dr. His patients turned into spiders.
-I read a novel about a Dr. whose patients turned into spiders.
5*She apologized to the boy. His glasses got broken.
-She apologized to the boy whose glasses got broken.
6*The garden has an unsightly view. Its owner is on vacation.
-The garden whose owner is on vacation has an unsightly view.
7- She is famous. I love her music.
-She whose music I love is famous.
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Defining = all the information is necessary to understand the
Noun referred to. NO commas.
a-The professor is absent today. He teaches math.
- The Prof. who teaches math is absent today.
b- I like the Prof. I learn a lot from him.
- I like the Prof. whom I learn a lot from.
Non-Defining = has extra Infor. that goes between commas. The
Extra Information is NOT necessary to understand the Noun
referred to///The noun we are talking about.
a-Proper Nouns: names of people, cities, countries, landmarks,
of statues, the Grand Canyon, etc.
b-Possessive Adjectives: my, your, his, her, our, their, Judy´s
c-Demonstrative Adj.: that, this, those these
d-Numbers: one, two, the first, the second, etc.
e-Googleable information = Well-known Information
1- Prof. Smith is absent today. He teaches French.
Ac2-Prof. Smith, who teaches French, is absent today.
Ac1-Prof. Smith is absent today, who teaches French.
2- Quito needs fixing. It was founded in 1534.
a-Quito, which was founded in 1534, needs fixing.
b-Quito needs fixing, which was founded in 1534.
3- Nikola Tesla was an inventor. He was a theorist.
a- Nikola Tesla, who was a theorist, was an inventor.
b-Nikola Tesla was an inventor, who was a theorist.
4- Guillermo Lasso is President. He has a wife and five kids.
a- Guillermo Lasso is President, who has a wife and five kids.
b- Guillermo Lasso, who has a wife and five kids, is President.
5- I talked to my cousin. Her cat is lost.
a-
b-
6- Thalia is a singer. She got married 20 yrs. ago.
a-
b-
7- The London metro is the oldest in the world. It was built in
1879. (Also called the Tube.)
a-

8- The Basilica “Del Votto Nacional” is very famous. It was

built in 1887.
a-
b-
9- Elon Musk is a millionaire. He was the owner of Pay Pall.
a-
b-
10- Chris Evans is a handsome actor. He acted in the Avengers
saga from Marvel.
a-
b-
11- Charles Chaplin was a famous actor. He started acting when
he was five years old.
a-

12- My school is old. It was founded in 1797.

a-

13- The Historic Center of Quito has many interesting places.

Tourists love to visit it.
a-

14- The Middle of the world Monument is in Ecuador. It is zero

degrees longitude, latitude.
a-
15- Sidney is famous for its opera house. It is famous for a
well-known bridge.
a-

16-Saint Petersburg was Russia´s first capital for many years.

The Heritage is located.
a-

17- New Yorkers love hot dogs and baseball. They have two
pro teams.
a-
18- Shakira is a singer. I like her music.
a-Shakira, whose music I like, is a singer.
b-Shakira is a singer, whose music I like.
-------------REDUCE THE RELATIVE CLAUSE----------------
Reduction=when we reduce the sentence OMITTING the
relative pronoun and verb “be” in Continuous, Passive Voice,
Adjectives, and N. /N. Ph. sentences.
In a simple present or Simple Past sentence, Omit the relative
pronoun and change the verb to GERUND.
In a Simple Present change has/have to “WITH”
In a Perfect Tenses change the Auxiliary has/have/had to
“HAVING” + past participle.