Learner’s Activity Sheet

Science (Quarter III – Week 2)

Name: _____________________________________ Grade and Section: _______________
Teacher: ___________________________________ Date: _____________________________
School: _________________________________________________________________________
Dear Learner,

Good day!
In this week, you will learn to explain what happens when volcanoes
erupt. (S9ES-IIIb-28)

Specifically, you will learn the following to:

1. describe the effect of temperature, chemical composition and

amount of dissolved gasses to the viscosity of magma.

In this lesson, preparedness at all times is being integrated.

Your Teacher

When Volcanoes Erupt

Instructions: Supply the correct term (word) that

Activity 1
completes the sentences below. Find the hidden words
(horizontally, vertically, or diagonally) in the puzzle.
(7 points)
1. A ____________ is a mountain or hill with a vent through which lava erupted from
the Earth's crust.
2. ______________are large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed from alternate
solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits.
Volcanoes are classified as 3. _____________, 4. ___________, and 5. ___________based
on their activity.
6. ______________ is a stream-driven eruption when hot rocks come in contact with
water.
7. ______________ is an excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic.
A S U A D S D T J G W N Y C C
S Z T J C L U X R Q Z A M W O
R I J R E T M G R G K I D C M
X X G I O H I I A Y F N P J P
Z C H E E M V V H L R R I L O
K S O R C O B N E G K L R R S
L J K Y L S S O J H G P O W I
C B P C E Z I K I L I T L M T
F R A R G X X H T I M W G X E
E N C I N D E R J C A X N U P
O M G L G X B X L W N N T J W
J E S F M W Z S M S Z I B G B

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H Y D R O T H E R M A L T L S
R V Y A S F T N A M R O D X O
A G H O I M E H G Q E J F P E

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 Activity 2 Instructions: Answer the questions briefly. (5 points each)
1. Did you find all the words in activity 1? How are they related to each other?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do volcanic eruptions affect to you and to your society?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3 Instructions: Please practice your writing skills by copying this

lesson on your notebook.

There are primary factors affecting volcanoes’ eruptive style: the magmas’
temperature, its chemical composition, and the number of dissolved gasses it
contains. These factors can affect the magmas’ viscosity in different ways.

 Viscosity
 is defined as the property of the materials’ resistance to flow.
 important property in determining the eruptive behavior of magmas.
 described as the liquids’ thickness, stickiness and is semi-fluid, due
to internal friction.
 The more viscous and the thicker the material is, the greater is its
resistance to flow.
 For example, syrup is more viscous than water because syrup is less
liquid.
Primary factors affecting volcanoes’ eruptive style:
1. The magmas’ temperature
Temperature of magma affects its viscosity. The viscosity of magma
decreases with temperature.
The hotter the temperature of magma is, the lower its viscosity the
more rapidly it flows. As lava flows, it cools and begins to harden, its
ability to flow decreases and eventually stops.
2. It’s chemical composition
Chemical composition of magma affects its viscosity. Magma’s resistance
to flow is a function of its “internal friction” derived from the generation of chemical
bonds within the liquid. Chemical bonds are created between negatively charged
and positively charged ions. Oxygen is anion while Silicon is an abundant cation.
Thus, the silicon-oxygen (Si-O) bond is the single most important factor in
determining the degree of magmas’ viscosity. Floating radicals formed when these
two elements bond together in the magma, while it is in a liquid state.

Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low
silica content. The magma that contains less silica is relatively fluid
and travels far before solidifying.

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3. The number of dissolved gasses it contains
The amount of gasses contained in the magma affects its viscosity but in
a more mysterious way than temperature and silica content. Nearly all magmas
contain gasses that give their explosive character the gas will increase as pressure
reduces. When gasses begin to escape from the magma, the effect of gas bubbles on
the bulk viscosity is unpredictable. The viscosity of the residual liquid will increase
as gas escapes. The overall bulk viscosity of the bubble-liquid mixture depends on
both size and distribution of the bubbles. Therefore, in near-surface environments,
the loss of gasses makes magma more viscous, forming a dome or a columnar.

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 Volcanoes slope

Volcanic eruption undergoes a natural geological process each form

depends on the types of materials made of prior to the eruptive behavior of the
volcano. Let us relate the volcano’s slope to its materials emitted.

1. Shield Volcanoes

 is characterized by gentle upper

slopes (about 5o) and somewhat
steeper lower slopes (about 10o).
 composed almost entirely of
relatively thin lava flows built
up over a central vent.
 Most shields were formed by low
viscosity basaltic magma that
flows smoothly downslope away
from the summit vent.
 The low viscosity of magma
allows the lava to travel
downslope as it cools it’s
viscosity increases, its thickness builds upon the lower slopes give a
somewhat steeper slope. Very little pyroclastic material is found within shield
volcano, except near the eruptive vents, where small amounts of pyroclastic
material accumulate as a result of fire fountaining events.

2. Composite Volcanoes/Stratovolcanoes
 they have steeper slopes than shield
volcanoes of 6o to 10o low on the
flanks to 30o near the top.
 The steep slope near the summit is
due partly to thick, short viscous lava
flows that do not travel far downslope
from the vent.
 Stratovolcanoes show an inter-
layering of lava flows and pyroclastic
material.
 They are sometimes called composite volcanoes. Pyroclastic material can
make up over 50% of the volume of the stratovolcano.
 They are more explosive than shield volcanoes. Sometimes they have a crater
at the summit formed by the explosive ejection of material from a central
vent. The craters have been filled with lava flows or lava domes, sometimes
they are filled with glacial ice, and less commonly they are filled with water.

3. Cinder Cones
 Slopes of cinder cones are
controlled by the angle of repose
(angle of stable slope for loose
unconsolidated material) and are
usually between about 25o and
35o.

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  Cinder cones are small volume cones consisting mostly of ash and
scoria that result from mildly explosive eruptions.
 They usually consist of basaltic to andesitic material. They actually fall
deposits that are built surrounding the eruptive vent. They show an internal
layered structure due to varying intensities of the explosions that deposit
different sizes of pyroclastics.
 On young cones, a depression at the top of the cone, called a crater, is
evident and represents the area above the vent from which material was
explosively ejected. Craters are usually eroded away on older cones. If lava
flows are emitted from tephra cones, they are usually emitted from vents on
the flank or near the base of the cone during the later stages of eruption

Instructions: Perform the experiment. You can use any

Activity 4.1 available materials found in your home if the materials below
are unavailable. (10 points).

Viscosity Race!
Objectives:

• determine the viscosity of some liquids; and

• describe the flow of gas in different liquid.

Materials:

Tray or plate, timer, drop of water, syrup, ketchup, cooking oil, clear glass,
drinking straw
Procedure:

1. Before doing the activity, predict which liquid (drop of water, syrup,
ketchup and cooking oil) take the least amount of time to reach the line.
2. Lined up on a plate/tray all the liquids (drop of water, syrup, ketchup and
cooking oil). Slowly tilt the plate/tray and do a little vibration by tapping the
plate. Set the time.
3. Do the procedure three times and fill in the Table.

Table: Travel time of some liquids

Liquid Travel time (seconds)

1st 2nd 3rd Average

1. drop of water
2. syrup (honey,
or medicine,
vitamins)
3. ketchup
4. cooking oil
Guide Questions:
Q1. Is your prediction correct?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Q2. Which liquid is most viscous? How do you know?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Q3. Which liquid is the least viscous?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Compare how these liquids flow with how you think lava flows. Why
do some types of lava travel faster than others?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Put 100mL syrup in a clear glass.
5. Using a drinking straw, blow some air from the bottom of the liquid.
Observe.
6. Repeat procedure 5 by blowing harder on the liquid. Observe.

Question:
Q5. Compare the movement of the liquid as the bubbles move on the
surface.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Activity 4.2 Instructions: Perform the experiment below. (10 points)

Under Pressure!

Objective: Describe the effect of high temperature on the formation of gas.

Materials:

two 300 ml bottle of soft drinks (seal not broken before using)
two 300 ml bottle of cooking oil
two identical small basins hot water

Note: Please handle with care when handling hot water.

Procedure:
1. Hall-fill basin A with hot water and basin B with cold water.
2. Put the soda bottle in basin A and another bottle in basin B. Wait for three
minutes.
3. Slowly unscrew the caps from the bottle in each basin and observe.

Guide Questions:
Q1. What did you observe in each bottle? ________________________________________
Q2. Explain your observation.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is the role of hot water in the setup?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Replace the hot water in basin A.
5. Put one of the bottles of cooking oil in hot water and the other in cold water.
Wait for three minutes.

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6. Slowly unscrew the caps and observe.
Guide Questions:

Q4. Do you have the same observation as in the soda drinks?

_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
Q5. Explain your answer.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 5 Instructions: Perform the experiment. Follow the procedures

below and answer the questions. (6 points)

Pressure in Me!
Procedures:

1. Get and shake a sealed carbonated beverage (Coke, Sprite, Pepsi, Orange, Royal)
can (or bottle) for seconds.

Questions:
1. What happened when you opened the can quickly (in less than one
second)?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. What happened when you opened the can slowly (taking 30 seconds)?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. How does this relate to how an agitated volcano with lots of dissolved gasses
in its magma erupts?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

References:
1. K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies
2. Science – Grade 9 (SLM)
Quarter 3 – Module 2: When Volcanoes Erupt
First Edition, 2020 Department of Education – Region XI
3. Science – Grade 9
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Volcanic Activity
First Edition, 2021 Region IX – Dipolog City Schools Division
4. Alvarez, Angeles, Apurada et.al, 2014 Science Learner’s Material 9

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that my child has successfully done all the
activities included in this Learning Activity Sheet.

_________________________________ ____________________
Name and Signature of the Parent Date