Assignment No 1

Submitted To: Sir Adnan Khan

Submitted By: M. Talha

Subject: Principle of Management

Arid No: 22-ARID-403

Date: 26-12-2022
History of Spain

BCE

1800 - The Bronze Age begins in the Iberian Peninsula. The El Argar civilization begins to form.

1100 - The Phoenicians begin to settle in the region. They introduce iron and the potter's wheel.

900 - The Celtics arrive and settle northern Spain.

218 - The Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome is fought. Part of Spain becomes a
Roman province called Hispania.

19 - All of Spain comes under the rule of the Roman Empire.

CE

500 - The Visigoths take over much of Spain.

711 - The Moors invade Spain and name it Al-Andalus.

718 - The Reconquista begins by the Christians to retake Spain.

1094 - El Cid conquers the city of Valencia from the Moors.

1137 - The Kingdom of Aragon is formed.

1139 - The Kingdom of Portugal is first established on the west coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

1469 - Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon are married.

1478 - The Spanish Inquisitions begins.

1479 - The Kingdom of Spain is formed when Isabella and Ferdinand are made King and Queen
uniting Aragon and Castile.

1492 - The Reconquista ends with the conquest of Grenada. The Jews are expelled from Spain.

1492 - Queen Isabella sponsors the expedition of explorer Christopher Columbus. He discovers
the New World.

1520 - Spanish explorer Hernan Cortes conquers the Aztecs Empire in Mexico.
1532 - Explorer Francisco Pizarro conquers the Incan Empire and establishes the city of Lima.

1556 - Philip II becomes King of Spain.

1588 - The English fleet led by Sir Francis Drake defeat the Spanish Armada.

1605 - Miguel de Cervantes publishes the first part of this epic novel Don Quixote.

1618 - The Thirty Years' War begins.

1701 - The War of the Spanish Succession begins.

1761 - Spain joins the Seven Years' War against Great Britain.

1808 - The Peninsular War is fought against the French Empire led by Napoleon.

1808 - The Spanish American wars of independence begin. By 1833, the majority of the Spanish
territories in America have gained their independence.

1814 - The Allies win the Peninsular War and Spain is free of French rule.

1881 - Artist Pablo Picasso is born in Malaga, Spain.

1883 - Architect Antoni Gaudi begins work on the Sagrada Familia Roman Catholic church in
Barcelona.

1898 - The Spanish-American War is fought. Spain gives up Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico,
and Guam to the United States.

1914 - Spain remains neutral as World War I begins.

1931 - Spain becomes a republic.

1936 - The Spanish Civil War begins between the Republicans and the Nationalists led by
Francisco Franco. Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy support the Nationalists.

1939 - The Nationalists win the civil war and Francisco Franco becomes dictator of Spain. He
will remain dictator for 36 years.

1939 - World War II begins. Spain remains neutral in battle, but supports the Axis Powers and
Germany.
1959 - The "Spanish miracle", a period of economic growth and prosperity in the country,
begins.

1975 - Dictator Francisco Franco dies. Juan Carlos I becomes king.

1976 - Spain begins a transition to a democracy.

1978 - The Spanish Constitution is issued granting freedom of speech, press, religion, and
association.

1982 - Spain joins NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization).

1986 - Spain joins the European Union.

1992 - The Summer Olympics is held in Barcelona.

1996 - Jose Maria Aznar becomes Prime Minister of Spain.

2004 - Terrorists bomb trains in Madrid killing 199 people and injuring thousands.

2009 - Spain enters economic crisis. Unemployment will rise to over 27% by 2013.

2010 - Spain wins the FIFA World Cup in soccer.

Spain GDP

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Spain was worth 1427.38 billion US dollars in 2021,
according to official data from the World Bank. The GDP value of Spain represents 0.64 percent
of the world economy.

Products

The top exports of Spain are:

 Cars ($32B)
 Packaged Medicaments ($11.6B) 
 Motor vehicles; parts and accessories ($9.14B)
 Refined Petroleum ($7.77B)
 Pig Meat ($6.46B)

5 Big Organizations

1. Inditex:
Inditex is a Spanish multinational clothing company headquartered in Arteixo, Galicia,
in Spain. Inditex, the biggest fast fashion group in the world, operates over 7,200 stores
in 93 markets worldwide.
Founded A Coruña, Galicia, Spain (12 June 1985; 37 years ago)
Founder Amancio Ortega, Rosalía Mera
Products Clothing & Fashion retailer
Revenue €20.4 billion (2020)
Net income €1.1 billion (2020)
Total assets €19.621 billion (2020)
 Number of employees 162,450 (2020)

2. Iberdrola
Iberdrola is a Spanish multinational electric utility company based in Bilbao, Spain.
Iberdrola has a workforce of around 34,000 employees serving around 31.67 million
customers.
CEO: José Ignacio Sánchez Galán (May 21, 2001–)
Headquarters: Bilbao, Spain
Revenue: 33.44 billion EUR (2020)
Founded: November 1, 1992, Bilbao, Spain
Number of employees: 45,000 (2019)
3. Santander
Santander  is a Spanish multinational financial services company based
in Madrid and Santander in Spain. Additionally, Santander maintains a presence in
all global financial centers as the 16th-largest banking institution in the world. Although
known for its European banking operations, it has extended operations
across North and South America, and more recently in continental Asia. It is considered
a systemically important bank by Financial Stability Board.
Industry Financial services
Founded 15 May 1857; 165 years ago
HeadquartersSantander (legal headquarters) and Boadilla del Monte, Madrid (operating
headquarters), Spain
Area served Worldwide
Key people Ana Patricia Botín (Group Executive Chairman), José Antonio Alvarez
(Vice Chairman and CEO)
Products Retail, corporate, investment and private banking, insurance, asset
management, private equity
Net income (€2.534 billion) (2021)
Total assets €1.666 trillion (2021)
Number of employees 198,204 (2021)
4. Naturgy
Naturgy Energy Group S.A., formerly Gas Natural Fenosa, is a Spanish multinational
natural gas and electrical energy utilities company, which operates primarily in Spain.
The company's administrative headquarters are in Barcelona, while its legal headquarters
are in Madrid.

CEO: Francisco Miguel Reynes Massanet (Feb 6, 2018–)

Revenue: 23.31 billion EUR (2017)

Headquarters: Madrid, Spain

Founded: 1843, Barcelona, Spain

Number of employees: 18,780 (end 2010)

Net income: 1.36 billion EUR (2017)

5. Repsol

Repsol S.A. is a Spanish multinational energy and petrochemical company based in Madrid.
It is engaged in worldwide upstream and downstream activities. In the 2021 Forbes Global
2000, Repsol was ranked as the 683rd-largest public company in the world. As of 2021, it
has more than 24,000 employees worldwide.

Headquarters: Madrid, Spain

Revenue: 52.13 billion EUR (2021)

Founded: October 1986

Number of employees: 24,134 (2021)

Net income: 2.499 billion EUR (2021)