Chapter 1: Birth of the National Hero 6.

Maria (1859-1945) (Biang) - Daniel

Birthday Faustino Cruz
• June 19, 1861 7. Jose (1861-1896) (Pepe)
• Wednesday 8. Concepcion (1862-1865) (Concha) - died
• Between 11:00pm - 12:am (3) years old)
• 7th child 9. Josefa (1865-1945) (Panggoy) - old maid
• Calamba, Laguna (80) years old)
10. Trinidad (1868-1951) (Trining) - old maid
Baptism (83 years old) 11. Soledad (1870-1929)
• June 22, 1861 - 3 days after birth (Choleng) - Pantaleon Quintero
• Parish priest - Fr. Rufino Collantes
• Godfather - Fr Pedro Casanas Family Tree
• Given name - Jose Father Side
• Domingo Lameo, Ines Dela Rosa ->
Rizal Family (parents and siblings) Francisco Mercado, Cirila Bernacha -> Juan
Father Mercado, Cirila Alejandra -> Francisco
• Francisco Mercado Rizal (1818-1898) Mercado
• Birth: Binan, Laguna - May 11, 1818 Mother side
• St Joseph College in Manila (Kolehiyo ng • Eugenio Ursua, Begina -> Renigna,
San Jose) Manuel de Quintos - > Brigida, Lorenzo
• Latin and Philosophy Alberto Alonso -> Teodora Alonso Realonda
• Mortality: Manila - January 5, 1898 (80 Family Tree
years old)

Mother
• Teodora Alonso Realonda
(1826-1911)
• Birth: November 8, 1826
• Santa Rosa College L
• Mortality: Manila - August 16, 1911
(85 years old)

Siblings
1. Saturnina (1850-1913) (Neneng) -
Manuel T Hidalgo
2. Paciano (1851-1930) - Severina Decena,
Joined the revolution
3. Narcisa (1852-1939) (Sisa) - Antonio
Lopez
4. Olimpia (1855-1887) (Ypia) - Silvestre
Ubaldo
5. Lucia (1857-1919) Mariano Herbosa,
refused Christian burial
Rizal Name
• Mercado - Palengke (Market)
• Rizal - Ricial rice field (green field)
• Spanish Alcalde Mayor (Provincial
Governor)

Rizal Home
• Calamba, Laguna
• 2 storey house
• Stone made
• Garden

Rizal Family
• Principalia
• Land renting from Dominican order
• Farming (rice, corn, sugar cane)
• Domesticated animals (Pigs, Chicken,
Turkey)
• Religious Family
Chapter 2
CALAMBA UNANG DRAMA NI RIZAL:
• CALAMBA-BANGA • 8 YRS OLD
• RULED BY DOMINICAN ORDER • TAGALOG COMEDY
• SOUTH - MT MAKILING - BATANGAS • PISTA SA CALAMBA
• EAST - LAGUNA LAKE • GOBERNADORCILLO NG PAETE
• NORTH - ANTIPOLO • 2 PESOS
• 15 YRS OLD - ATENEO - UN
RECUERDO A MI PUEBLO (ISANG SALAMANGKERO:
ALAALA SA AKING BAYAN) • PAGMUMUNI-MUNI SA TABING-LAWA
• USMAN
ALAALA NG KABATAAN:
• SAKITIN MGA IMPLUWENSIYA SA KABATAA NG
• BAHAY KUBO BAYANI:
• YAYA • NAMAMANA
• PAGDARASAL • TSINO
- SERYOSO
FIRST SORROW (UNANG - MASINOP
KALUNGKUTAN - PASENSIYOSO
• DEATH OF CONCHA - MAPAGMAHAL SA BATA
• ESPANYOL
DEBOTONG ANAK NG SIMBAHAN: - ELEGANTE
• KATOLIKO - MARAMDAMIN SA INSULTO
• 3 YEARS OLD - GALANTE SA KABABAIHAN
• 5 YRS OLD READING BIBLE IN
SPANISH • AMA
• MANONG JOSE - PAGPAPAHALAGA SA SARILI
• FR LEONCIO LOPEZ-PARISH PRIEST - PAGMAMAHAL SA GAWA
(KURA PAROKO) - PAGIGING MALAYA SA PAG-IISIP

PEREGRINATION TO ANTIPOLO: • INA

• JUNE 6, 1868 - RELIHIYOSO
• MANILA - DIWA NG PAG-MAMALASAKIT
• SATURNINA-LA CONCORDIA SA SANTA - PAGMAMAHAL SA SINING AT
ANA LITERATURE

STORY OF THE MOTH KAPALIGIRAN

• PACIANO
TALINONG PANSINING: - PAGMAMAHAL SA KALAYAAN AT
• 5 YRS OLD KATARUNGAN
• WAX • KAPATID NA BABAE
- PAG-GALANG SA MGA KABABAIHAN
UNANG TULA NI RIZAL • JOSE ALBERTO
• SA AKING MGA KABABATA - SINING
• MANUEL
- PALAKASAN, PISIKAL NA EHERSISYO
• GREGORIO
- PAGBABASA NG MAGAGANDANG
AKLAT
• LEONCIO LOPEZ
- PAGMAMAHAL SA PAG-AARAL
• PAGKAMATAY NI CONCHA
• PAGKAKULONG NG INA
• PAG BITAY SA 3 PARI

TULONG NG MAYKAPAL
Chapter 3 PAGKAMARTIR NG GOM-BUR-ZA
MGA GURO • Cavite Mutiny
• Unang guro ni Rizal • Francisco La Madrid
• Ibang guro: • Rafael Izquierdo
- Maestro Celestino • Francisco Zaldua
- Lucas Padua • Feb 17, 1872
- Leon Monroy
PAGKAMARTIR NG GOM-BUR-ZA
NAGTUNGO SI RIZAL SA BINAN • Cavite Mutiny
UNANG ARAW SA PAARALAN NG • Francisco La Madrid
BINAN • Rafael Izquierdo
• Justiniano Aquino Cruz • Francisco Zaldua
• Pedro • Feb 17, 1872

UNANG PAKIKIPAG-AWAY SA KAWALANG KATARUNGAN SA INA NG

PAARALAN BAYANI
• Pedro • June 1872
• Andres Salandanan • Dona Teodora
• Jose Alberto
PAG-AARAL NG PANPINTA SA BINAN •Antonio Vivencio Del Rosario
• Juancho • Calamba to Sta. Cruz
• Jose Guevarra • 50 Km
• 2 ½ taon
ARAW-ARAW NA BUHAY NI RIZAL • Francisco de Marcaida
• 4 am • Manuel Marzan
• Hardin
• Agahan
• Paaralan 10am
• Leandro
• 2pm - 5pm
• Aral
• Hapunan (Ayungin)
• Laro

PINAKA MAHUSAY NA MAG-AARAL SA

PAARALAN
PAG TATAPOS NG PAG-AARAL SA
BINAN
• Talim
• Arturo Camps
CHAPTER 4: Pangalawang Taon sa Ateneo (1873-74)
• Ateneo Municipal - Spanish Jesuits - • Dona Pepay
Escuela Pia (paaralang Kawanggawa) • Emperador
• Kolehiyo ng San Juan de Letran - • Gold medal
Dominiko
Paghula sa Pagpapalaya sa Ina
Pumasok si Rizal sa Ateneo: • Pag dalaw sa ina
• Entrance exam - San Juan de Letran • 3 months
• Ateneo Municipal • Joseph
• Padre Magin Ferrando
• Manuel Xerez Burgos Hilig sa Pag babasa
• Pag gamit ng Rizal na apelyido • Favorite novel - The Count of Monte
• Titay Cristo - Alexander Dumas
• 300 pesos • Universal history - Cesar Cantu
• Travels in the Philippines - Dr. Feodor
Ang Sistemang Pang-edukasyon ng mga Jagor
Heswita:
• Imperyo Romano - Pula Imperyo Pangatlong Taon sa Ateneo (1874-75)
• Carthagena - Asul • Pag dalaw ng ina
• Emperador - Emperor • Isang medalya sa latin
• Tribuna - Tribune • hindi naging maganda ang pinakita sa
• Dekuryon Decurion pag-aaral
• Senturyon Centurion • bumalik sa Calamba para mag bakasyon
• Tagapagdala ng bandila (Flag
bearer/Standard bearer) Ikaapat na taon sa Ateneo (1875-76)
• interno
Competition • Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez
• Left side • Limang medalya
• Lower right side
• Left side - nakatagilid Huling Taon sa Ateneo (1876-77)
• Right side - baliktad • Pinakamahusay sa lahat ng subjects
• Donkey
Pagtatapos nang may Pinakamataas na
Unang taon ni Rizal sa Ateneo (1872-73) Karangalan
• Padre Jose Bech • 23 March 1877 - graduation
• 1 month emperador • 16 years old
• Religious picture • Bachelor of Arts
• Sta. Isabel - 3 pesos - Espanyol
• Pangalawang pwesto Iba pang Gawain sa Ateneo
• Kongregasion ni Maria - Secretary
Bakasyon sa Tag-araw Academy of Spanish Literature
• Calamba • Academy of Natural Sciences
• Saturnina - Tanawan • Painting - Agustin Saez
• Ina - Sta. Cruz • Sculpture - Romualdo de Jesus
• Gymnastics Mga gawaing panteatro ni Rizal
• Fencing • Dula - San Eustacio, Martir

Mga Istatwang ginawa sa Ateneo Unang Pag-ibig ni Rizal

• Birheng Maria - batikuling • Segunda Katigbak
• Padre Lleonart - Sacred Heart of Jesus • Batanguena
• 14 years old
• Trozo, Maynila
Anekdota tungkol kay Rizal • Mariano Katigbak
• Felix M. Roxas • Kolehiyo ng La Concordia - Olympia
- Pagiging mapag patawad • Love at first sight
- Manzano at Lesaca • Manuel Luz
• Manuel Xeres Burgos • Umuwi sa Calamba
- Matulungin • Eskrima (Fencing)
- Julio Meliza

Tulang Isinulat sa Ateneo

• Mi Primera Inspiracion (Aking unang
Inspirasyon)
• Felicitacion (pagbati)
• El Embarque: Himno a la Flota de
Magallanes (Ang paglisan: Himno para sa
Plot ani Magellan)
• Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el rímero en dar
la Vuelta al Mundo (At siya as Espanyol:
Elcano, ang Unang Nakaikot sa Mundo)
• El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo
(Ang Labanan: Urbiztondo, Kilabot ng Jolo)
• Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (Sa Alaala ng
aking Bayan)
• Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la
Buena Educacion (Malapit na Ugnayan ng
Relihiyon at Mabuting Edukasyon)
• Pol la Education Recibe Lustre la Patria
(Sa Edukasyon ay Magtatamo ng Liwanag
ng Bansa)
• Al Nino Jesus (Sa Sanggol na si Hesus)
• A La Virgen Maria (Para sa Birheng
Maria)
CHAPTER 5: Oposisyong ng Ina sa
Mataas na Pinag-aralan
Pumasok si Rizal sa University
► University of Sto. Tomas
► Philosophy and letters
► Fr Pablo Ramon (Rektor ng Ateneo)
► Medicine
Other Literary works
► Zarsuela - Junto Al Pasig (sa Tabi ng
Pasig)
► Presented during Feast of Immaculate
Concepcion in 8 Dec 1880
► Sonata - A Filipinas
► Poem-Abd-el-Aziz Y Mahoma
► Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon

Surveyor sa Ateneo Pagbisita ni Rizal sa Pakil at Pagsanjan

► Perito Agrimensor (expert surveyor) ► Saturnina, Maria, Trinidad
► Academy of Spanish Literature and ► Manuel Regalado
Natural Sciences ► Nicolas
► Vicenta Ybardolaza (Alpa Musical)
Mga Pag-ibig ni Rizal
► Binibining L Kampeon ng mga Estudyanteng Pilipino
► 2nd Year - Leonor Valenzuela - Orang ► Indio, chongo
► 3rd Year-Leonor Rivera - Taimis ► Kastlang bangus
► Dona Concha Leyba ► Companerismo
► Juan at Sanday Valenzuela ► Kasama ni Jehu
► Antonio Rivera ► Hebrew General who ruled Israel
► La Concordia Kingdom for 28 years
► Galicano Apacible
Biktima ng Kalupitan ng Opisyal na ► Escolta Maynila
Espanyol
► First year Malulungkot na araw sa UST
► Heneral Primo de Rivera ► Hindi maganda ang pagtinginn sa kanya
► Blumentritt ng mga Dominikong propesor
► Mababa ang pagtingin sa mga
Para sa Kabataang Pilipino Estudyanteng Pilipino
▶Liceo Artistico-Literario ► Sinauna at mapang-api ang Sistema ng
▶A La Juventud Filipina (Para sa Kabataang Pagtuturo
Pilipino)
▶ Silver pen Desisyong Makapag-aral sa Ibang Bansa
► Pacian
Ang Konseho ng mga Diyos ► Saturnina
► Liceo Artistico-Literario ► Lucia
► 4th Century Death Anniversary of Miguel ► Antonio Rivera
Cervantes ► Valenzuela
► El Consejo de los Dioses (Council of the
gods)
► Gold ring
► D.N. Del Puzo
CHAPTER 6: In Sunny Spain
Rizal's Secret Mission
• to observe keenly the life and culture,
languages and customs, industries and
commerce, and government and laws of the
European nations in order to prepare
himself in the mighty task of liberating his
oppressed people from Spanish tyranny
• Rizal's departure for Spain was kept secret
to avoid detection by the Spanish
Authorities and the friars
• Only his older brother, Paciano, his uncle
Antonio Rivera, his sisters Neneng and
Lucia, the Valenzuelas (Sanday, Juan and
Orang), Pedro A. Paterno, Mateo
Evangelista, the Ateneo Jesuit fathers, and
some intimate friends including Chengoy
(Jose M. Cecilio) knew his departure
• He used the name Jose Mercado, a
cousin from Biñan
• May 3, 1882 - Rizal departed on board the
Spanish steamer SALVADORA bound for
Singapore
Singapore
• There were sixteen passengers including
himself- five or six ladies, many children and
the rest gentlemen
• He was the only Filipino on board
• DONATO LECHA from ASTURIAS SPAIN
- the ship captain who befriended Rizal
- Described by Rizal as an affable man,
"much more refined than his other
countrymen and colleagues I have met"
• Rizal played chess with his fellow
passengers and he was able to defeat them
many times
• MAY 8, 1882 - Rizal saw a beautiful island
"Isla ng Talim na may Susong Dalaga"
• MAY 9, 1882 - Salvadora docked at
Singapore
- Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles - founder of
Singapore
From Singapore to Colombo
• Rizal transferred to another ship
DJEMNAH, a French steamer which left
Singapore for Europe on May 11
• There were Filipinos onboard - Mr. and
Mrs. Salazar, Mr. Vicente Pardo and Jose
Rizal
• MAY 17 - Djemnah reached POINT
GALLE a seacoast town in Southern Ceylon
(now Sri Lanka)
• MAY 18 - reached Colombo, capital of
Ceylon
- He described the city as more beautiful,
more smart and elegant than Singapore,
Point Galle and Manila
First trip through Suez Canal
• CAPE OF GUARDAFUI AFRICA/AFRICA
- inhospitable land but famous
• ADEN - he found the city hotter than
Manila but he was amazed with the camels
which he saw for the first time
• It took Djemnah 5 days to traverse the
Suez Canal
- Suez Canal was built by Ferdinand de
Lesseps
- Inaugurated on November 17, 1869
Naples and Marseilles
• JUNE 11 - Rizal reached Naples
• JUNE 12 - docked at the French harbor of
MARSEILLES
- Visited CHATEAU d'lf - where Dantes the
hero of Count of Monte cristo was
imprisoned
Travels
Barcelona
• In the afternoon of June 15 he left
Marseilles by train for the last lap of his trip
to Spain
• JUNE 16,1882 - reached Barcelona
• First impression of Barcelona, the greatest
city of Cataluña and Spain's largest city was
- ugly with dirty little inns and inhospitable
residents
• But later on he was impressed with its
atmosphere of freedom and liberalism
• LAS RAMBLAS - the most famous street
in Barcelona
Amor Patrio
• his first nationalistic essay written on
Spain's soil
• He wrote it under his pen name Laong
Laan (laging handa)
• Submitted to Basilio Teodoro Moran - his
friend in Manila and publisher of DIARIONG
TAGALOG the first Manila bilingual
newspaper
• Appeared on the said newspaper August
20, 1882
• The tagalong translation was made by M.H
Del Pilar
• Wrote a second article LOS VIAJES
• The third article - Revista de Madrid
(written Novembe 29, 1882) was returned
to him because the Diariong Tagalog had
ceased publication due to lack of fund
Rizal Moves To Madrid
• The people of Calamba are dying of
cholera and they were praying to San
Roque and had nocturnal processions and
prayers so that God may stop the dreadful
epidemic (as per Paciano's letter
September 15, 1882)
• Leonora is growing thinner because of the
absence of a loved one (as per Chengoy in
his letter to Jose)
Life in Madrid
• November 3, 1882 - Rizal enrolled in
Universidad Central de Madrid in two
courses Medicine and Philosophy and
Letters
• Studied painting and sculpture in the
Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando
• Took lessons in French, German English
under private tutors and
• Practiced fencing and shooting in the Hall
of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell
• Led a Spartan life in Madrid
• Lived frugally and his only extravagance
was investing a few pesetas for a lottery
ticket in every draw of the Madrid Lottery
• On Saturdays he visited the home of Don
Pablo Ortiga y Rey who lived with his son
Rafael and daughter Consuelo
- He was a former city mayor of Manila
- Later promoted to vice president of the
Council of the Philippines in the Ministry of
Colonies
Romance with Consuelo Ortiga Y Perez
• Composed a lovely poem for her entitled
"A LA SEñorita C.O. y P. that expressed
his admiration for her
• He backed out for 2 reasons:
- He is still engaged to Leonor Rivera
- Eduardo de Lete his friend and co worker
in the Propaganda movement was madly in
love with her.
They Asked me for Verses
• Rizal joined Circulo Hispano-Filipino where
he wrote a poem Me Piden Versos (They
asked me for Verses)
• He declaimed this December 31, 1882
• A sad poem
Rizal as Lover of Books
• To satisfy his craving for books he buy
from a second hand store owned by a
certain Señor Roces
• His collection included
- The bible
- Hebrew Grammar
- Lives of the President of the United States
of America from Washington to Johnson
• Complete works of Voltaire (9 volumes)
• Complete works of Horace (3 volumes)
Complete works of C. Bernard (16 volumes)
• History of the French revolution
• The wandering Jew (Eugene Sue)
• Ancient poetry "Works of Thucydides
• The Byzantine empire
• The Characters
• The Work of Alexander Dumas
• Louis XIV and his Court
• The Renaissance
• Uncle Tom's Cabin
• He was deeply affected by Uncle Tom's
Cabin and Wandering Jew that aroused his
sympathy for the oppressed and unfortunate
people
Rizal's First Visit to Paris
• Rizal went to Paris from June 17 to
August 20, 1883
• He first moved to Hotel de Paris on 37 Rue
de Maubange
• he later on moved to a cheaper hotel on
124 Rue de Rennes in the Latin quarter
• Paris is the costliest capital in Europe
Rizal as a Mason
• In March 1883 - he joined the Mason
lodge Acacia
- To secure Freemasonry's aid in his fight
against the Friars in the Philippines
• Later he transferred to LODGE
SOLIDARIDAD where he became a Master
Mason on November 15, 1890
• February 15, 1892 - he was awarded the
diploma as Master Mason by the Le Grand
Orient de France in Paris
• His only Masonic writing was Science,
Virtue and Labor which he delivered in 1889
at Lodge Solidaridad in Madrid
Financial Worries
• The harvest of rice and sugarcane failed
on account of drought and locusts.
• The hacienda manager raised the rent of
the land
- Because there came a time when a
dreadful pest killed most of the turkeys and
what was left was used for breeding
purposes only. The manager, who used to
asked turkey from Don Francisco was
denied one because of this.
• June 24, 1884 - a touching story
happened. Because of lack of funds Rizal
skipped his meals and went to class on an
empty stomach. He participated in the
Greek language contest and won the gold
medal. And later that day he had a free
meal because he was the guest speaker in
the Banquet held in honor of Luna and
Hidalgo
Rizal's Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
• Double victory celebration for JUAN LUNA
(Spoliarium) and FELIX RESURRECCION
HIDALGO (Christian Virgins exposed to the
populace) (Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas
Al Populacho) in the National Exposition of
Fine Arts in Madrid
Rizal Involved in Student
Demonstrations
• November 20-22, 1884 - bloody riots by
the Students of the Central University
- Dr. Miguel Morayta's speech was
condemned by the Catholic bishops of
Spain who promptly excommunicated him
and those who applauded him
- Because of this the students rose in violent
demonstration to condemn the decision of
the Church
• The Rector who took the students side had
to resign and was replaced by Doctor Creus
which intensified the fury further

Studies Completed in Spain

• June 21, 1884 - conferred the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad
Central de Madrid on June 1884
• The next year he finished and passed all
subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine
• But since he did not pass his thesis or paid
the necessary fee he was not awarded his
Doctor's diploma
• June 19,1885 - he was awarded the
degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and
Letters by the Universidad Central de
Madrid with the rating of Excellent
• By receiving his degree of Licentiate in
Medicine he became a full pledge physician
• He did not bother to get his post graduate
degree for he knows that with his race no
friar owned school would accept him in its
faculty staff
Chapter 7: Paris to Berlin
• After completing his studies in Madrid,
Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to
specialize in ophthalmology
- He wanted to cure his mother's failing
eyesight
- He wanted to continue his observation of
the European nations in Berlin, Paris,
Heidelberg and Leipzig
In Gay Paris
• He stopped at Barcelona to visit Maximo
Viola, his friend, who is a medical student
and a member of a rich family in San Miguel
Bulacan
• He met and befriended Senor Eusebio
Corominas, the editor of the news paper La
Publicidad
• Miguel Morayta - owner of La Publicidad
and a statesman
• He submitted an article on the Carolines
controversy to Editor Corominas
• In NOVEMBER 1885 - lived in Paris for 4
months
- Worked as an assistant for Dr. Loius de
Weckert, a leading French ophthalmologist
• Outside working hours he relaxed by
visiting his friends, such as the Pardo de
Taveras, Juan Luna and Felix
Resurreccion Hidalgo
• He posed as a model for Luna in some of
Luna's work
- The Egyptian Priest in The Death of
Cleopatra
- Sikatuna in The Blood compact with
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as Legazpi
Rizal as a Musician
• Rizal had no natural aptitude for music but
he studied music because almost all of his
classmates in Ateneo does
• He eventually learned to play the
solfeggio, flute and Piano
• He composed a few songs particularly
"Alin Mang Lahi" a patriotic song, and a sad
danza La Deportacion which he composed
in Dapitan while he was in exile
In Historic Heildelberg
• He left Paris on February 1, 1886 for
Germany
- He visited Strasbourg (capital of Alsace
Lorraine)
and other German towns
• February 3, 1886 - he arrived in
Heidelberg and for a short time lived with
some German law students
• After a few days he moved to another
boarding house which was near the
University of Heidelberg
- He worked at the University Eye Hospital
under the direction of Dr. Otto Becker
- He attended lectures of Dr. Becker and
Prof Wilhelm Kuehne at the university
To the Flowers of Heidelberg (A Las
Flores de Heidelberg) (Forget me not)
• He grew fascinated of the flowers
blooming along the cool banks of the
Neckar river
• His favorite flower is the light blue forget
me not
• The flowers reminded him of the blooming
flowers of Calamba
• On August 22, 1886 he wrote a fine poem
entitled "A Las Flores Heilderberg" - he did
so in a mood of homesickness
With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhelmsfeld
• He stayed at the vicarage of a kind
Protestant pastor, Dr. Karl Ullmer
• His pleasant personality and talents in
languages and sketching endeared him to
the pastor's wife, who was a good cook, and
the two children Etta and Fritz
• He ended his sojourn on June 25, 1886
First Letter to Blumentritt
• July 31, 1886 - Rizal wrote his first letter in
German to Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt,
Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria
• He sent a book which he mentioned in his
letter "aritmetica" - written in Spanish and
Tagalog by the University of Sto. Tomas
Press in 1868. The author was Rufino
Baltazar Hernandez, a native of Sta. Cruz
Laguna
Fifth Centenary of Heildelberg University
• August 6, 1886 - the fifth centenary of the
University
In Leipzig and Dresden
• August 9, 1886 - Rizal left the city of
Heildelberg
• August 14, 1886 - arrived in Leipzig
- He befriended Professor Friedrich Ratzel,
a famous German historian and Dr. Hans
Meyer, a German anthropologist
• He translated Frederick Schiller's William
Tell from German into Tagalog so that the
Filipinos might know the story of the
champion of Swiss independence
• He translated in Tagalog for his nephews
and nieces Hans Christian Andersen's Fairy
tales
• October 29 1886 - he left Leipzig for
Dresden
- He met Adolph B. Meyer, director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
• He left Dresden on November 1, 1886
and reached Berlin that night
Rizal welcomed in Berlin's scientific
Circles
• He met for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor,
celebrated German scientist-traveler and
author of Travels in the Philippines
• He was introduced by Jagor to Dr. Rudolf
Virchow, famous German anthropologist
and the latter's son, Dr. Hans Virchow,
professor of Descriptive Anatomy
• He also met Dr. W. Joest, noted German
geographer
• He worked in the clinic of Dr. Karl Ernest
Schweigger
• He became a member of the
Anthropological and Geographical society of
Berlin upon recommendation of Dr. Jagor
and Dr. Meyer
• He was invited to give a lecture before the
Ethnographic Society of Berlin
- He wrote a scholarly paper Tagalische
Verkunst which he read before the society in
April 1887
Rizal's life in Berlin
• He went to Berlin not as a student or a
curious tourist. He lived in this famous city
for 5 reasons
- To gain further knowledge of
ophthalmology
- To further his studies of sciences and
languages
- To observe the economic and political
conditions of the German nations
- To associate with famous German scientist
and scholars
- To publish his novel Noli Me Tangere
• By day he worked as an assistant in the
clinic of Dr. Schweigger
• At night he attends lectures in the
University of Berlin
• He took private lessons under a professor
of French, Madame Lucie Cerdole in order
to master the idiomatic intricacies of the
French Language
• He also enjoyed promenading in the Unter
Den Linden, the most popular boulevard of
Berlin
Rizal on German women
• Rizal expressed his high regard and
admiration for German womanhood in a
letter addressed to his sister Trinidad on
March 11, 1886
• He described the German women as
serious, diligent, educated and friendly. She
is not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome
like Spanish women. She is not particular
about beautiful dresses and expensive
jewelry although she can dress nicely like
any other woman in the world
• Rizal starved in Berlin and shivered in
wintry cold
• He began to cough and he feared that he
was
going to be sick with tuberculosis
• Never had he suffered such physical blows
of penury, so that his soul cried out in
despair

German Customs
• The Christmas custom of the Germans
delighted him the most
- On Christmas eve, they take a pine tree
that has somewhat small needles for leaves
and decorate it with fruits, lanterns, toys,
dolls, papers etc and show it to the kids
(who had not seen it being prepared)at
night.
• He is also interested in how Germans
introduces themselves to strangers in a
social gathering
• According to German code of etiquette it
is bad manners for a guest to remain aloof
and wait for his host to make the proper
introduction

Rizal's Darkest Winter

• The winter of 1886 was by far the darkest
winter for Rizal.
- He lived in poverty because no money
arrived from Calamba and he was flat broke
- The diamond ring given to him by his sister
Saturnina is in the pawnshop
- He could not pay his landlord
- He had to scrimp eating only one meal a
day - consisted of bread and water or some
cheap vegetable soup
• His clothes were old and threadbare -
he washed them himself for he cannot
afford to pay the laundry
Chapter 8: Noli Me Tangere
• The bleak winter of 1886 was memorable
in the life of Jose Rizal for two reasons
- It was painful for he was hungry, sick and
despondent in a strange city
- It brought him great joy because his first
novel NOLI ME TANGERE came off the
press in March, 1887
• Like Santa Claus, Dr. Maximo Viola, his
friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the
height of his despondency and loaned him
the needed funds to publish the novel
IDEA OF WRITING A NOVEL ON THE
PHILIPPINES
• His reading of Harriet Beecher Stowe's
Uncle Tom's Cabin inspired Dr. Rizal to
prepare a novel that would depict the
miseries of his people under the lash of
Spanish tyrants
• January 2,1884 - he opened the idea of
writing a novel about the Philippines in a
reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence
in Madrid
- All voted to do so, among whom were
Pedro, Maximino and Antonio Paterno,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Evaristo Aguirre,
Eduardo de Lete, Julio Llorente, Melecio
Figueroa and Valentin Ventura
• The project did not materialize because
those compatriots who were expected to
collaborate on the novel did not write
anything.
• They wanted to write on women,
something that disgusted Rizal. Thus he
decided to write the novel alone
THE WRITING OF THE NOLI
• Towards the end of 1884 he began writing
Noli Me Tangere in Madrid and finished
about one half of it
• He wrote one half of the second half of it
in Paris in 1885
• He finished the last fourth of the novel in
Germany
• He wrote the last few chapters of Noli in
Wilhemsfeld in April - June 1886
• He made the final revisions in Berlin in
1886
• But in a momentary fit of desperation, he
almost threw the manuscript into the flames
- he was hungry and sick this time
VIOLA,THE SAVIOR OF NOLI
• In the midst of his despondency and
misery, Rizal received a telegram from Dr.
Maximo Viola who was coming to Berlin
• He came a few days before Christmas and
was shocked to see Rizal in such situation
• Having ample funds Viola gladly agreed to
finance the printing cost of Noll
•To save printing expenses, Rizal deleted
certain passages in the manuscript,
including one whole chapter- Salome and
Elias
• February 21, 1887 - the Noll was finally
finished and ready for printing
• Together with Viola he went to different
printing shops in Berlin to survey the cost of
printing
• They decided to print it in Berliner
Buchdruckrei - Action - Gesselschaft -
they charged Rizal the lowest prize -
300pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel
RIZAL SUSPECTED AS FRENCH SPY
• One morning the chief of police of Berlin
paid a visit to Jose and asked him for a
passport.
• During those days travelling outside the
country without a passport is possible
• Jose was given 4 days to produce a
passport or else he will be deported
• With Maximo Viola, they went to the
Spanish embassy to seek the help of the
Spanish ambassador, the Count of
Benomar. Unfortunately, although the count
promise he would help, it turns out he has
no power to produce a passport for Rizal.
• Being unable to provide a passport after 4
days, he went to the office of the German
police chief and apologized for not being
able to produce a passport and asked why
he was to be deported when he did not
commit a crime
• Apparently, his traveling to the towns and
rural areas arouse German government's
suspicion that he is a French spy
• Back then the relation between France
and Germany is strained on account of
Alsace-Lorraine
• He was able to prove to them that he is not
a spy but a Filipino doctor and scientist
particularly an ethnologist, thus it is
imperative for him to observe the customs
and lifestyle of their simple inhabitants
PRINTING OF THE NOLI FINISHED
• March 21, 1887 - the Noli Me Tangere
came off the press.
• He gave copies of it to his close friends,
including Blumentritt, Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor, Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano
Ponce and Felix R. Hidalgo
• March 29, 1887 - he gave Viola the galley
proofs of the Noli carefully rolled around the
pen that he used in writing it and a
complimentary copy
THE TITLE OF THE NOVEL
• The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase
which means "Touch me not" - he took it
from the Bible
- Taken from the book of St.Luke according
to Rizal
- But in reality this is from the book of St.
John Chapter 20 Verse 13-17
THE AUTHOR'S DEDICATION
• Dedicated the book to the Philippines
"To my Fatherland"
SYNOPSIS OF THE NOLI
• The novel contains 63 chapters and an
epilogue
• It began with the reception given by
Capitan Tiago (Santiago de Los Santos) at
his house in Calle Anloague (now Juan
Luna St) for Crisostomo Ibarra, who came
back to the Philippines after seven years of
study in Europe. Crisostomo Ibarra is the
son of Don Rafael Ibarra, the friend of
Capitan Tiago and the flance of Maria Clara,
capitan Tiago's supposed daughter.
• It has an epilogue which recounted what
happens to the other characters
• The novel ends with Maria Clara, an
unhappy nun in Sta Clara nunnery, forever
lost to the world
SOME CHARACTERS OF NOLI ME
TANGERE
• Don Tiburcio de Espadana - the bogus
Spanish physician and husband of Dona
Victorina
• Padre Salvi - the new Franciscan Spanish
priest of San Diego
• Tasio - the wise old man
• The progressive school teacher
• The spineless gobernadorcillo, who
catered to the wishes of the Spanish parish
friar
• Don Filipo Lino - the teniente mayor and
leader of the liberal faction in the town
• Don Melchor - the captain of the
cudrilleros
• Don Basilio and Don Valentin - the
former gobernadorcillos who were
prominent citizens
• Sisa - a formerly rich girl who became
poor because she married a gambler and a
wastrel at that. She became insane
• Basilio and Crispin - her two sons
• Aunt Isabel - Capitan Tiago's sister who
took care of Maria Clara when her mother
died
• The merry Sinang, the grave Victoria, the
beautiful Iday, and the thoughtful Neneng -
Maria Clara's friends
• Capitana Tika - Sinang's mother
• Andeng - Maria Clara's foster sister
• Albino - the theological student who was
inlove with Sinang
• Elias - the strong and silent peasant
youth; the
• Don Alfonso Linares de Espadana -
cousin and godson of Padre Damaso's
brother

THE NOLI BASED ON TRUTH

• The Noli was a true story based on the
conditions of the Philippines during the last
decades of Spanish rule.
• Ibarra and Elias is Rizal himself
• Maria Clara - Leonor Rivera
• Tasio - Paciano
• Padre Salvi - Padre Antonio Piernavieja,
the hated Augustinian friar in Cavite
• Capitan Tiago - Capitan Hilario Sunico of
San Nicolas
• Dona Victorina - Dona Agustina Medel
• Basilio and Crispin - the Crisostomo
brothers of Hagonoy
• Padre Damaso - represented all the friars
of Spanish time

MISSING CHAPTER OF NOLI

• Economic was the reason why the chapter
about Elias and Salome was deleted, the
lesser the pages the cheaper the print cost
• It is about the short story of Salome and
Elias
Chapter 9: Rizal's Grand Tour of Europe
with Viola (1887)
• Dr. Rizal planned to visit the important
places in Europe with Maximo Viola
• He already received the remittance of
1000 from Paciano which was forwarded by
Juan Luna from Paris
• He was already able to pay the 300 he
owe Viola for printing the book
The Tour Begins
• May 11, 1887 - Rizal and Viola left Berlin
by Train
• According to Viola, the luggage of Rizal
included all the letter he had received from
his family and friends.
• Their destination was Dresden
Dresden
• their visit coincided with the regional floral
exposition in Dresden
• There they met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer who
was overjoyed to see them.
• Rizal was deeply impressed by a painting
of "Prometheus Bound" and recalled
seeing a representation of the same idea in
an art Gallery in Paris
• They also met Dr. Jagor who upon
hearing of their plan to visit Leitmeritz to
finally meet Blumentritt advised them to wire
the doctor in advance since the old man has
a nervous disposition and might suffer a
shock at their sudden visit.
• they dropped by Teschen before meeting
Blumentritt
First meeting with Blumentritt
• May 13, 1887 - Rizal and Viola arrived at
the railroad station of Leimeritz, Bohemia
• Blumentritt met them in the train station
carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal wham Rizal
sent to him so that he could identify his
Filipino friend.
• They stayed in Leitmeritz from May 13 to
16 1887.
Beautiful Memories of Leitmeritz
• He enjoyed the memories of his visit to
Leitmeritz
• He enjoyed the warm hospitality of the
Blumentritt family especially the Austrian
dishes Rosa (the wife of Blumentritt) cooks
• Blumentritt's children were Dolores (Dora
or Dorita for Rizal), Conrad and Fritz
• On May 16, at 9:45 am Rizal and Viola left
Leitmeritz
• Rizal realized that he left his diamond
stickpin at his room in Hotel Krebs and this
he mentioned to Blumentritt
Prague
• They went to Prague carrying with them
letters of recommendation from Blumentritt
to Dr. willkomm, a professor of natural
history in the University of Prague.
• Rizal and Viola visited the tomb of
Copernicus, the museum of national
history, the bacteriological laboratories, the
famous cave where San Juan
Nepomuceno, the saint was, imprisoned
and the bridge from which this saint was
hurled into the river.
• After Prague they went to Brunn where
according to Rizal nothing of importance
happened.
Vienna
• On May 20 Rizal and Viola arrived in the
beautiful city of Vienna, capital of
Austria-Hungary
• Vienna - a.k.a. Queen of Danube
• They met Norfenfals, one of the greatest
novelist in Europe during his time
• In Vienna, he received his diamond
stickpin that the hotel maid found in Hotel
Krebs and was given to Blumentritt, who in
turn, forwarded it to Rizal in Vienna
• They stayed at Metropole Hotel.
From Lintz and Rheinfall
• They traveled overland to Salzburg, and
from there to Munich where they sojourned
for a short time to savor the famous Munich
beer, reputed to be the best beer in
Germany
• They went to Nuremberg - one of the
oldest cities of Germany
• They saw the horrible torture machines
used during the Inquisition
• They are also impressed by the
manufacture of dolls which was the biggest
industry of the city
• After Munich they visited Ulm where they
saw the largest and tallest church in
Germany
• They went to Stuttgart, Baden and then
Rheinfall.
Rizal in Italy
• he visited Turin, Milan, Venice and
Florence
• on June 27, 1887 he reached Rome, the
"Eternal City" and also called the "city of
Caesars"
• on June 29th the Feast day of St. Peter
and Paul Rizal visited for the first time the
Vatican, the "City of the Popes”
• after a wonderful week of wonderful
sojourn in Rome, he prepared to return to
the Philippines. He had already written to
his father that he was coming home.

Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland

• they stayed in the city from June 2 to 3
1887.

Geneva
• after sight seeing in Lausanne, Rizal and
Viola left on a little boat, crossing the foggy
Leman Lake to Geneva
• on June 19, 1887 Rizal treated Viola to a
blow-out. It was his 26th birthday
• on June 23 they parted ways: Viola went
back to Barcelona while Rizal continued his
tour of Italy

Rizal resents Exhibition of Igorots in

1887 Madrid Exposition
• he received news from his friends in
Madrid about the deplorable conditions of
the Primitive Igorots who were exhibited in
this exposition, some of whom died and
whose scanty clothing and crude weapons
were objects or mockery and laughter by
the Spanish people and press.