Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lecture # 07
Marketing promotion is a part of marketing mix. An important „P‟ of four P‟s/marketing mix is
„promotion‟. It will change the buying behavior, negative attitude and create interest of the product.
2) To persuade
3) To remind
4) To face competition
9) To create goodwill
Evans and Berman- “Promotion planning is systematic decision making relating to all aspects of an organization‟s
and individual‟s communication efforts”.
Belch and Belch- “promotional plan, that provides the framework for developing, implementing, controlling the
organization‟s integrated marketing communications program and activities”.
C L Bovee- “Promotion mix is a combination of two or more elements of advertising, sales promotion, public
relations and personal selling”.
Philip Kotler- “Promotion mix consists of the specific blend of advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and
public relation tools that the company uses to persue its advertising and marketing objectives”.
Sales line
Profit line
Losses/Investment (Tk.)
Figure : Product life cycle / Sales and Profits over the Product’s life from Inception to Demise
Strategies are -
2) Introduction Stage
Philip Kotler- “Introduction is a period of slow sales growth as the product is introduced in the market”.
Strategies are -
Inform the target market
Persuade / convince to buy
Attract the intermediaries
3) Growth Stage
Philip Kotler- “Growth is a period of rapid market acceptance and increasing profits”.
Strategies are -
Continue to much promotional activities
Build an strong distribution system
Give some extra benefits to customers, distributors, retailers than competitors
Emphasis to personal selling and direct marketing
4) Maturity Stage
Philip Kotler- “Maturity is a period of slowdown in sales growth because the product has achieved
acceptance by most potential buyers”.
Strategies are-
5) Decline Stage
Philip Kotler- “Decline is the period when sales fall off and profits drop”.
Strategies are-
Limited sales promotion
No further investment (it may be bad investment)
Withdraw the product quickly / slowly
Aggressive promotion for repositioning
₪ Marketing Communication
Sherlekar – “Marketing communication involves sharing of meaning, information and concepts by the source and
receiver about products and services and about the firm selling them”.
Charles and Reuben – “Marketing communication is simply the transmission of information from the marketer to the
consumer; it thus creates a favorable climate for the product in the market place”.
McCarthy – “A whole communication process means, a source trying to reach a receiver with a message”.
Message
Sender Encoding Decoding Receiver
Channel
Noise
Feedback Response
1) Sender
Philip Kotler – “ Sender is the party sending the message to another party”.
Busch & Houston – “ Source is the sender of the message”.
2) Thoughts
Sender encodes the thoughts or information exists in the mind of the sender. This can be a concept, idea,
information or feelings.
In any kind of communication, the sender at first develop an idea which he / she wants to transmit.
3) Encoding
Philip Kotler – “ Encoding is the process of putting thought into symbolic form”.
Stanton E & W – “ In marketing, encoding means changing an idea into words, pictures or both”.
Russ & Kirkpatrick – “ Encoding is the process of formulating the points, thoughts and meaning, sender‟s
want receivers to grasp”.
4) Message
Philip Kotler – “ Message is the set of symbols that the sender transmits”.
Bovee – “Once the idea has been encoded into a form acceptable for transmission, it is considered a
message”.
Steven J Skinner – “Message is a idea or experience that a source wants to share in the communication
process”.
5) Media / Channel
Philip Kotler – “ Media is the communication channel through which the message moves from sender to
receiver”.
6) Decoding
Philip Kotler – “ Decoding is the process by which the receiver assigns meaning to the symbols encoded
by the sender”.
Evans & Barman – “ Decoding is the process by which the message sent by the source is interpreted by
the audience”.
7) Receiver
Philip Kotler – “ Receiver is the party receiving the message sent by another party”.
8) Response
Philip Kotler – “ Response is the reaction of the receiver after being exposed to the message”.
9) Feedback
Philip Kotler – “Feedback is the part of the receiver‟s response communicated back to the sender”.
10) Noise
Philip Kotler – “ Noise is the unplanned static or distortion during the communication process, which
results in the receiver‟s getting a different message than one the sender sent”.
Evans & Berman – “Noise is the interference at any stage along the channel of communication”.
11) Barriers
A barrier is something such as a rule, law or policy that makes it difficult or impossible for something to
happen or be achieved.