THORACIC AORTOGRAPHY

➔ Study of ascending aorta, arch, descending

portion of thoracic aorta, and major branches.

● To rule out aortic aneurysm

● Evaluate congenital or post-surgical
conditions
● patients with aortic dissection

PROJECTIONS:
(Biplane Imaging)
● AP, PA, Lateral
● If biplane is unavailable, use 45° RPO/LAO

CR: ⟂ to level of T7 (chest)

Clinical Indications:
● Aneurysm
● Congenital abnormalities
● Vessel stenosis (narrowing)
● Embolus (blocked artery)
● Trauma

THORACIC AORTOGRAM
➔ 45° LAO preferred:
◆ Prevent superimposing structures to
visualize any anomalies

PULMONARY ARTERIOGRAM
➔ Demo. arterial phase of pulmonary angiogram

PULMONARY ARTERIOGRAPHY

Also called “arteriogrpahy”. UPPER LIMB ARTERIOGRAM & VENOGRAM

➔ Used to see arteries
➔ Evaluate pulmonary embolic disease ARTERIOGRAPHY
● evaluate traumatic injury
Clinical Indications: ● Atherosclerotic disease
● Hemodynamic instability ● Vascular lesions
● Right heart strain/failure
● Severe hypoxemia PROJECTIONS:
● Patent femoral ovale (PFO) ● AP Projection
● Failed systemic thrombolysis
CLINICAL INDICATION:
ARM ● Pain in limbs
peripheral vein - vena cava - right side heart - ● Discomfort
pulmonary arteries ● Cold sensitivity
GROIN ● Tingling sensation
femoral artery - abdominal aorta - descending aorta -
aortic arch - ascending aorta PREPARATION:
● NPO (6-8hrs)
● Injection 3-4mL/sec distally to 10mL/sec
proximally positioned catheter
● Insertion site: femoral artery/ subclavian or
axillary artery

VENOGRAM
● Detect blood clots
● Thrombus or occlusions
 ● Locate vein for bypass or dialysis CLINICAL INDICATION:
● Evaluate varicose vein prior to surgery ● Stable angina symptoms
PREPARATION: ● acute STEMI
● NPO (4hrs) ● non-ST elevation myocardial infarction
● CM: 50-100mL (NSTEMI) or unstable angina
● Insertion: femoral (preferred), radial
PROCEDURE:
radial radial: ● NPO (6-8hrs)
axillary artery - brachial artery - radial artery- deep ● Avoid NSAIDs or ACEIs (worsening renal
palmar arch - superficial arch insufficiency)

LOWER LIMB ARTERIOGRAM & VENOGRAM

ARTERIOGRAM (“angiogram”)
➔ Visualize inside blood vessels, arteries
➔ Helps view arteries of heart, kidneys, brain,
lungs, abdomen, legs
PROJECTION:
● AP, Lateral
CLINICAL INDICATION:
● Night cramps, pain
● Sensitivity to cold
● Tingling sensation
● Weak or absent pulse

PROCEDURE:
● NPO (6-8hrs)
● Injection site: femoral artery

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY

➔ Examine blood vessels in brain for

abnormalities
➔ Investigate intracranial vascular lesions
➔ Identify blood vessels for bypass
◆ CABG - coronary artery bypass graft

CLINICAL INDICATION:
● Vascular malformation
● Aneurysm
● Narrowing of arteries
● Vasculitis (inflammation of vessels)

PROCEDURE:
● Medication: metformin (24hrs before & after
procedure)

VENA CAVOGRAPHY

PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL
CORONARY
ANGIOPLASTY (PTCA)

Also known as “Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

(PCI)”

● allows unrestricted blood flow to the

myocardium by opening blocked or stenosed
coronary arteries.