berklianobis qristianul-platonuri wakiTxva

semiuel jonsoni

mokle biografiuli skeCi

“diაdi gamoRviZebis” talRiT mocul axal inglisSi daibada evropuli

ganmanaTleblobis ideebze dafuZnebuli originaluri filosofiuri swavleba, romelic
erTis mxriv puritanul TeologiiT sazrdoobda, magram meores mxriv-masze ar iyo
dayvanili. am swavlebis avtori iyo didi amerikeli puritani Teologi da filosofosi
semiuel jonsoni (Samuel Johnson 1696-1772).
jonsoni daibada koneqtikutis Statis qalaq gilforSi. misi winaprebi,- niu-
heivenis- (New Haven) pirvelmosaxleebi-, kongregacionaluri eklesiis winamZRolebi iyvnen. man
miiRo farTo speqtris ganaTleba ielis universitetSi da gaxda amave universitetis profesori. dasavluri
axali filosofiis, kerZod- bekonis, lokis, niutonisa da boilis ideebma, klasikur da dasavlur enebsa da
bibliur teqstebis zedmiwevniT Studirebam da orTodoqsiis ganaxlebis moZraobam jonsonis ideur
koordinatTa sistema imdenad Searyia, rom man Seicvala konfesia da anglikanuri eklesiis wevri
gaxda. am faqts jonsoni ori welis ganmavlobaSi malavda. 1772 wels igi iZulebiT gaemgzavra
inglisSi. aq igi oqsfordisa da kembrijis universitetebis magistri gaxda da sami wlis Semdeg
dabrunda samSobloSi, rogorc metropoliis oficiluri eklesiis warmomadgeneli. jonsoni sicocxlis bolo
aTi weli stratfordis anglikanuri eklesiis winamZRvari iyo. Aam wlebSi jonsoni aqtiurad qadagebda
anglikanobas, ikrebda mrevls, gadmoiyavda anglikanobaSi. gaweuli msaxurebisTvis mas oqsfordis
universitetis sapatio doqtoris xarisxi mieniWa. 1754 – 64 wlebSi jonsoni axlad daarsebuli niu-iorkis
samefo kolejis (kolumbiis universiteti) reqtoris Tanamdebobas ikavebda.
 semiuel jonsonis filosofiur-Teologiuri Semoqmedeba amzadebs
amerikul filosofiur azrs ganmanaTleblobisaTvis. misi ideuri memkvidreoba da SemoqmedebiTi
biografia mniSvnelovania upirvelesad imis gamo, rom masSi asaxulia epoqis udidesi istoriuli
movlenebis urTulesi koliziebi. kerZod, revoluciebis, damoukideblobisaTis warmoebuli samoqalaqo
omebis, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis, rogorc damoukidebeli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulis
Camoyalebebis mosamზadebeli periodis gamowvevebi. jonsoni im ganwyobaTa gamomxatvelia,
romelnic sirTuliTa da araerTmniSvnelovnebiT aRavsebdnen moaxlovebul movlenebs.
moRvaweobis dasawyisSi, ielis universitetSi swavlisas, jonsoni ecnoba orTodoqsuli
puritanuli ganaTlebis paradigmas, romelic `teqnologiaTa~ Sesaxeb swavlebaze iyo orientirebuli,
ramistul platonizmsa da ftolomeiseul astronomias. magram maleve, igi ifarToebs samecniero
Tvalsawiers, eziareba evropuli ganmanaTleblobis ideebs, niutonisa da lokis filosofias, volastonis
radikalur deizms, rac Tavis mxriv aryevs mis msoflmxedvelobriv pozicias. jonsonis britaneTSi
swavleba emTxveva dasavleTSi ganmanaTleblobis aRmavlobas. igi isrutavs filosofiasa da kulturaSi
mimdinare axal tendenciebs, iJRinTeba TeologiaSi racionalisturi mimarTulebis ideebiT-bibliis
istoriuli da filologiuri analizis aucileblobiT. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, adreuli amerikuli filosofiis
Camoyalibebasa da ganviTarebaze mTavari gavlena upirobod ekuTvnis jorj berklis filosofiur
ideebs. jonsonis filosofiuri koncefcia berklianuri stiliTaa ganmsWvaluli. kerZod, misi cnobili
naSromiT “traqtatma adamianuri codnis principebis Sesaxeb”. mogvianebiT, berklis amerikaSi
Camosvlam da maTma piradma nacnobobam da mimoweram gaaRrmava misi berklianeloba.
jonsoni zomieri berklianelia. igi cdilobs berklis filosofiis ZiriTadi debulebebis eklesiis
swavlebasTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanas. misi azriT, berklis idealizmis mTavari Rirebuleba
imaSia, rom mis mier religiisaTvis SemuSavebuli axali sayrdenebi lokisa da niutonisaze upiratesi,
myari da saimedoa. igi erTis mxriv skepticizmis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli iaraRia, meores mxriv-
uflis arsebobis Sesaxeb myari pozicias icavs. jonsoni did imeds amyarebs ganaTlebaze da evropul
filosofiur azrze. kerZod, Tanadrouli epoqis maxasiaTebel naturalistur deizmsa da empirizmze.
jonsonisaTvis `teqnologia~, `arqetipebi~ da puritanuli filosofiis amgebi sxva cnebebi warsulis
gadmonaSTia.

berklianizmi jonsonis SemoqmedebaSi

erTis mxriv, jonsonisTvis berklis filosofiuri pozicia yvelaze axlobeli da misaRebia, magram
amavdroulad, igi cdilobs amerikuli puritanizmis tradiciebis farglebSi berklis filosofiis gadaxedvas
qristianuli Teologiis prizmidan. konkretulad, misi mcdeloba mimarTulia qristianul-platonur WrilSi
berklis reviziisaken.
jonsonis filosofiur-Teologiur paradigmaSi centraluri problemebia – substancia da arqetipuli
codnis Tema.
jonsonis mixedviT berkli uaryofs ara substancias, rogorc aseTs, aramed mis materialur
bunebas. berklis miaCnia, rom arseboben mxolod sulieri substanciebi. jonsonisTvis misaRebia
substanciis es ganmarteba. berklisTan erTad igi amtkicebs, rom terminiT “me” aRiniSneba igive,
rac igulisxmeba sulis, an sulieri substanciis cnebis qveS.
jonsonma unda gaarkvios, Tu rogoraa SesaZlebeli codnis sam saxeobrivi puritanuli Teoriis
gadasvla berklianizmSi. es misi filosofiis erTerTi mTavari sakiTxia.
puritaneli Teologebisa da kembrijeli neoplatonikosebis mier upirobod miRebuli ramusis
swavlebis mixedviT, arsebobs sami saxe, sami wyaro codnisa:
 arqetipi- RvTaebrivi saxe, Tauri saxe yvela arsebuli sagnisa,
 entipi- RvTaebrivi Semoqmedebis Sedegad am saxis miwieri ganxorcieleba,
 eqtipi -adamianis warmodgena Seqmnil samyaroze.
berkli iyenebs am terminologias puritanul TeologiaSi miRebuli midgomisagan
gansxvavebulad; igi, erTis mxriv, gaurbis aSkara platonizms, da ambobs, rom SeuZleblia arqetipTa
damoukidebeli arseboba. magram, meores mxriv, ismis SekiTxva: Tu ar arsebobs sagnis pirdapiri
aRqmis saSualeba, sad veZioT maTi arsebobis garantia? berklisTan es garantirebuli arseboba
RmerTisganaa.
jonsons sworad esmis berklis antisubstancionalizmi, romlisTvisac arqetipsa da eqtips Soris
ar unda arsebobdes materialuri bunebis mqone damoukidebeli da realurad arsebuli damakavSirebeli.
magram misTvis miuRebelia platoniseuli ideaTa samyaros damoukidebeli arseboba. amerikeli
filosofosi moiTxovs berklisagan arqetipTa metafizikuri statusis dazustebas. igi cdilobs ipovnos
ideaTaTvis navTsayudeli, monaxos gza, romliTac moxerxdeba maTi gamoiyvana cnobierebis
sferodan. berklis `ideebsa~ da puritanuli Teologiis `eqtipebs~ Soris tolobis niSanis dasmis
SemTxvevaSi, xom ar gamova, rom `ideaTa~ arseboba individualuri cnobierebis mier maT
aRqmaze iqneba damokidebuli? am SemTxvevaSi, isini subieqturni gamodian. SesaZloa meore
variantic: `ideaTa~ arseboba ganpirobebulia obieqturi sulis (RmerTis) mier maT aRqmaze. am
SemTxvevaSi arqetipTa samyaro moeqceva `ideebis~ zemoT, es ki platonur `eidosTa~ samyaroa
yvela misi Tanamdevi atributiT.
jonsonis mixedviT, adamianis cnobierebaSi “ideebi” arseboben cdis pawia agurebis saxiT,
rogorc Semecnebis daumuSavebeli masala, arqetipebi warmoadgenen kompleqsuri codnisa da
SegrZnebaTa kompleqsebis generatorebs.
jonsonis mixedviT, adamamde samyaroSi ar arsebobda gonieri arseba, romelic SesZlebda
gare samyaros damkvirvebeli yofiliyo; samyaro am Svidi dRis ganmavlobaSi arqetipis
mdgomareobaSi iyo. es iyo pirvelSobili, gauformebeli, qaoturi mdgomareoba. samyaro, Svidi dRis
ganmavlobaSi, iqmneboda `maradiuli~, `yovlisSemZle~ gonebiT, anu RmerTis mier. igi
“TandaTanobiT avlenda Tavs mSvenier qmnilebad”. winaswar dadgenili arqetipis Sesabamisad
RmerTi ganalagebs `ideebs~ adamianTa cnobierebaSi (sulSi). Tu arseboben Cveni ideebis
arqetipebi, maSasadame arsebobs maT gareT arsebuli sivrce, grZlivoba, forma da moZraoba, rogorc
Cveni ideebis prototipebi. jonsonis mixedviT, sivrce da dro cnobierebis SefardebiTi movlenebia,
obieqturad da absoluturad arseboben: usasruloba da maradiuloba, rogorc RmerTis ucvleli atributebi.
berklianizmis es versia agrZelebs berklis swavlebis `platonizacias~. am xazis gasaZliereblad jonsons
Semohyavs RmerTis absoluturi atributebi.

Elementa philosophica

jonsonma YmTavari naSromi-filosofiuri kompendiumi- dawera inglisur enaze, magram

saTauri- „filosofiis safuZvlebi“ (Elementa philosophica)- laTinur enaze daarqva. es iyo im periodis
Teologiur-filosofiuri tradiciisaTvis xarkis gadaxdis niSani. naSromi gamoica 1752 wels da Sedgeba
ori nawilisagan: pirveli-noeTika- eZRvneba gnoseologiur problemebs; meore-eTika- warmoadgens
moralis Teoriis gadmocemas. naSromi eZRvneba jorj berklis; amiT avtori xazs usvavs berklis
filosofiur ideebis erTgulebas.
 am fundamenturi kvlevis zeamocanas warmoadgenda berklianuri da platonuri idealizmis
gaerTianeba. traqtati warmodgenilia jonsonis droindeli filosofiisaTvis tradiciuli zogadi sqemiT.
amerikeli filosofosi iwyebs adamianuri gonebis ganixilvas, axasiaTebs mis unarebs da im wesebsa
da kanonebs, romelTac misdeven es unarebi WeSmaritebis Ziebis gzaze. Semdeg jonsoni
ganmartavs logikas, romlis amocanaa am unarebis Seswavla. logikas jonsoni xan azrovnebis
xelovnebas, xanac msjelobis xelovnebas uwodebs. jonsonis azriT logikis safuZvelSi aris
“philosophia prima”- `pirveli filosofia~. igi Tavis mxriv Sesdgeba metafizikisa da ontologiisagan.
jonsoni uwodebs maT `swavlebas zogadi arsebobis Sesaxeb~. emyareba ra WeSmaritebisa da
zneobrivi sikeTis erTianobis ideas, jonsoni traqtatis meore nawils uZRvnis eTikas. rogorc eTikosi,
jonsoni evdemonistia. misi mtkicebiT eTikis sagani aris `umaRlesi bednierebis~ (highest happiness)
kvleva. igi ganmartavs, rom moralis filosofia aris `siqveleTa sayovelTao gavrcelebis gziT umaRlesi
bednierebisaken adamianis swrafvis xelovneba~. jonsonis es formulireba win uswrebs bednierebis,
rogorc adamianis bunebiTi uflebebis Sesaxeb ideas. es mogvianebiT, 1776 wlis damoukideblobis
deklaraciaSi aisaxa.
mokled ganvixiloT `Elementa philosophica”-s mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi.
gonebis (mind) ganmartebisas jonsoni ekleqturad aerTianebs platonur absolutizms, avgustianur
intuitivizmsa da dekartes cogito-s princips. misi Zalisxmeva mimarTulia erTi miznisaken:
daafuZnos msgavsi goniTi formebis ierarqiuloba `RmerTidan~ adamianisaken, RvTaebrivi
gonebidan adamianurisken imgvarad, rom SenarCunebul iqnes adamianis individualuri me-s
aqtivoba da avtonomiuroba.
sxeulisa da sulis erTianobis maradiuli problemis ganxilvisas, jonsoni am erTianobas miawers
bunebriv movlenaTa sferos, romelic Tavis mxriv RvTaebriv kanons emorCileba. codviT dacemis
Semdeg, adamianis goneba ganuyofladaa dakavSirebuli sxeulTan, sxeulebrivTan; sxeuls SeuZlia
moqmedeba da SegrZneba mxolod gonebis saSualebiT, xolo goneba aRiqvams da moqmedebs
mxolod sxeuliT, misi organoebiT. suli da sxeuli RmerTma SeaerTa, magram maTi momavali
urTierTmoqmedeba da urTierTkavSiri bunebis saqmea.
amerikeli filosofosisaTvis termini `idea~ `grZnobadi cdisa da warmosaxvis uSualo
obieqtia~; amasTan `cneba~ (conception) unda aRniSnavdes gonebis, an wminda inteleqtis sagans.
jonsonisaTvis mkveTrad gansxvavebulia `idea~ da `cneba~. maT aRrevas moyveba da adrec
moyveboda areuloba enobriv gamonaTqvamebSi. jonsoni inarCunebs berklianur terminologias,
magram mis argumentaciaSi berklis Teoriis kanonikuri variantidan aSkara gadaxra SeimCneva. mis
modernizebul variantSi principuli gansxvavebaa SegrZnebaTa kompleqss (ideebi) da abstraqcias
Soris. aseve, Sinagani cdis warmoSobis sakiTxSi igi scildeba berklis da ixreba lokisken, romlis
avtoriteti XVIII saukunis Sua wlebisaTvis amerikel inteleqtualTa Soris mniSvnelovnad amaRlda.
deistur da lokianur stilSia Camoyalibebuli Tezisis pirveli nawili, romelSic jonsoni
asabuTebs, rom Cveni cnobiereba Seqmnilia rogorc sufTa dafa- tabula rasa, anu masze ar aris
sagnebis aranairi nakvalevi. magram miuxedavad amisa igi fiqrobs, rom yvela SesaZlo obieqtis
anabeWdi, romelic cnobierebaSi moipoveba, uSualodaa damokidebuli RmerTze, radganac yoveli
obieqtis arseboba RmerTidanaa. jonsoni aviTarebs mosazrebas, rom gonebas, unda vendoT rogorc
bunebrivsa da damoukidebels. goneba aRiqvams sagnebs uzenaes gonebasTan mudmivi kavSiris
wyalobiT. masTan mimarTebaSi adamianuri goneba mTlianad pasiuria, grZnobaTa aRqmidan
dawyebuli (perception of senses), imiT, risi meoxebiTac goneba moixelTebs wminda cnobierebis
sagnebs. jonsonis gnoseologiur sqemas ganagebs RmerTis neba, romelic agebs yvela cnebas.
grZnobadi cda jonsons berklianurad esmis. grZnobebi jonsonis gagebiT aris `ub extra”
(Cvens gareT arsebuli) obieqtebis aRqma, an, Cveni sxeulis sxvadasxva organoebiT miRebuli
aRqmebi. imas, rasac Cveni grZnobaTa organoebi calcalke mogvawvdian jonsoni `martiv ideebs~
uwodebs. martivi ideebis kombinacia warmoqmnis `rTul ideebs~. rTuli ideebi Seesabameba
konkretul sagnebs da bunebis movlenebs, magaliTad aseTia: adamiani, cxeni, xe, qva, vaSli da a.S.
am rTuli ideebis erToba qmnis bunebas, anu `sayovelTao zegrZnobad da bunebriv samyaros~. aq
jonsonis msjeloba lokis sqemebs imeorebs, magram erTi mniSvnelovani niuansis gaTvaliswinebiT.
loks mxedvelobaSi hqonda gare samyaros obieqturad arsebuli sagnebi. jonsoni saubrobs `grZnobaTa
obieqtebis ideebis aRqmaze (perception of ideas of objects of senses). amiT igi ideebis berklianur
pozicias gamoxatavs. jonsoni berklis msgavsad gulisxmobs aRqmis aRqmas, anu imas, rasac
SeiZleba vuwodoT meta aRqma. `aRqmis aRqma~ pasiuria, igi miuTiTebs uzenaesze, imaze vinc
gonivrulad moqmedebs, vinc yovelive arsebulis mizezi da pirvelwyroa. RmerTi unergavs Cvens
gonebas aRqmaTa saxeebs, an pirdapir warmoqmnis maT. obieqturi samyaros statusis, rogorc
mniSvnelobis armqones, gatana argumentaciis gareSe xdeba frCxilebs gareT,. gonebis uSualo
sagnebis, anu ideebis gageba jonsonTan atarebs ambivalentur xasiaTs. midis ra berklis platonizaciis
gziT amerikeli filosofosi adgens arqetipebis – yovelive arsebulis metafizikuri idealuri xatebis
statuss. jonsonis mixedviT arqetipi grZnobaSi mocemuli ideis xat-nimuSebia. igi Tvlis, rom
arsebobs zemoqmedebis pirdapiri xazi arqetipidan `ideisaken~, anu cnobierebis gareT arsebuli
SegrZnebaTa kompleqsisaken. es xazi gverds uvlis obieqtur da materialur realobas; masSi, berkli-
jonsonis azriT, aranairi aucilebloba ar aris.
adamianis cnobierebaSi arqetipebis Canergvas jonsoni inteleqtualur intuiciasTan miyavs.
inteleqtualuri intuicia myisierad atyobinebs cnobierebas, rom igi axali monacemebiT Seivso da isini
moiTxoven gacnobierebas. jonsoni intuicias `inteleqtualur Suqs~ uwodebs. aq Cndeba dekartes
gavlena. dekartesaTvis intuicia aris `gonebis bunebrivi Suqi~. jonsoni iRebs dekartesagan
universalur intuitivizms, magram misTvis miuRebelia pan-racionalizmi. jonsonis mixedviT
inteleqtualuri intuicia uzrunvelyofs rogorc racionaluri, ise grZnobadi cdis erTianobas. misi
wyalobiT adamianis goneba aRiqvams sagnebs mTeli mravalferovnebiT. aqedan gamodis, rom
goneba, rogorc aRmqmeli da moazrovne organo – pasiuria. ìintuiciuri inteleqtualuri Suqi, ambobs
jonsoni, RmerTis sayovelTao arsebobisa da aqtivobisagan momdinareobs, ufro zustad misi
maradiuli sityvisa da gonisagan, romelic Riaa adamianebisaTvis. amgvarad, jonsoni midis `esse est
percipi” principis aRiarebidan myari anglikanizmis poziciamde.
es tendencia grZeldeba jonsonis traqtatis “Elementa philosophica”-s meore nawilSi, romelic
moralis filosofias eZRvneba. naSromis es nawili-eTika- gacilebiT adre, 1746 wels, gamoica calke
wignad. es kvleva amerikul filosofiaSi pirveli filosofiuri teqstia, romelic eTikur problematikas
exeba. moralis filosofiis prioritetulobis tradicia amerikul filosofiaSi dRemde SenarCunebulia.
jonsonis moraluri filosofia hedonistur-evdemonisturi xasiaTis matarebelia. filosofiur –
Teologiuri gzis dasawyisSi jonsonis eTikuri pozicia ganicdida ingliseli filosofosisa da eTikosis
uiliam volastonis gavlenas. igi TandaTanobiT icvlis Tvalsazriss da Sotlandiuri ganmanaTleblobis
damfuZneblis, filosofos frensis haTCesonis (Francis Hutcheson) poziciis gamziarebeli xdeba.
jonsonis eTikis centraluri Temaa bedniereba. bedniereba, jonsonis azriT, individualuri
egoisturi qcevis saboloo mizania, magram amasTan erTad igi uflis nebiTaa madlmosili da esaa
mTavari am cnebis ganmartebisas. Amgvarad, jonsoni amerikul filosofiaSi hedonistur tradicias
amkvidrebs. ^Cveni siqvele da bedniereba aucileblad Tanxvdebian WeSmaritebas da saganTa
bunebas, ufro metic, isini momdinareoben TavisTavad arsebuli sagnebidan, afeqtebidan da
qcevebidan. aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom adamianis bedniereba aris ^”saganTa bunebis”,°
individualuri azrebisa da winaswarganzraxulobisagan Tavisufali RvTaebrivi kanonis gamovlena.
jonsonis mier eTikis evdemonistur-hedonisturi interpretacia apogeas aRwevs iq, sadac
mkvlevari acxadebs eTikisa da `bunebiTi religiis~ (natural religion) igiveobas. jonsonis mier
`bunebiTi religiis~ ganmarteba scildeba volastoniseuls, anu igi ar aris imgvarive doziT
racionaluristur – ganmanaTlebluri xasiaTis. traqtatis pirvel gverdebze jonsoni ambobs `is, risi
gacnobac gvsurs am naSromis furclebze TqvenTvis eTikisa da zneobis sistemis mokle
gadmocemaa... swored amas daerqva bunebiTi religia; me mesmis is, ara rogorc WeSmaritebaTa da

uiliam volastoni (1659-1724) traqtatis ^`bunebrivi religiis konturebi~° avtoria. am traqtatiT man moipova Tavisi
droisaTvis gansakuTrebuli popularoba. wignSi avtori afuZnebs ^bunebrivi religiis° principebs; da Teziss, rom
WeSmariteba vlindeba maSin, rodesac mivdevT bunebas. igi cdilobs, rom universaluri religia bunebis harmoniulobaze
daamyaros.
miTiTebaTa nakrebi, aramed rogorc sruliad gansxvavebuli ram, igi gviCvenebs, Tu rogor gaxsna
bunebiTma religiam sakuTari TavisTvis wminda samyaro swavlebisa da gamocxadebis gareSe.
amis dasturia uzenaesis miTiTebebis gareSe STenili adamianis dRevandeli mdgomareoba, mxolod
sakuTar bunebriv unarebs mindobili, igi WeSmaritebisa da movaleobisa, RmerTisa da religiis
mxolod umcires nawils Caswvda.”
eTikis, anu bunebiTi religiis cnebis qveS jonsoni gulismobs WeSmaritebaTa da normebis
sistemas, romelic gamocxadebisa da uzenaesis miTiTebebis dauxmareblad susti gonebisaTvis ar aris
bolomde cxadi, magram mainc nawilobrivad moZiebulia RvTaebrivi gamonaTebis wyalobiT.
rogorc gnoseologiaSi, aseve eTikaSi jonsoni ZiriTadadAmisdevs aristoteles da aseve
zomierad platonur da puritanul sqemebs. bedniereba misTvis `WeSmaritebis~ da `saganTa bunebis~
Tanabarzomieria. amdenad, bednierebis wyaro jonsonisaTvis araa WeSmariteba, romelic miwieri
mowodebiT, amqveyniuri xvedriT imarTeba, igi RvTaebriv arqetipTan SesabamisobaSi vlindeba.
sikeTe Tavisufali arCevaniT WeSmaritebisa da saganTa bunebis Sesabamisad qcevaSi
vlindeba.
jonsonis mixedviT bednierebisa da misi arqetipis Semecneba SesaZlebelia uSualod ufalSi
gamocxadebis gziT. radganac ufali yovelmxrivi srulyofilebaa, keTilSobilebisa da bednierebis
arseboba SesaZlebelia mxolod masSi. uflis mier Seqmnili Bbuneba aris “SebRaluli” miwier-
sxeulebriviT. jonsoni, rogorc eTikosica da rogorc gnoseologi, mogviwodebs vikvlioT ara adamianis
buneba, aramed misi miznebi, daniSnuleba, anu RvTaebrivi “gegma”, romelsac cnobierad, Tu
intuitiurad misdevs adamiani. es “gegma” iqceva im kriteriumad, romliTac izomeba qcevis
WeSmariteba.
RmerTis mizani, jonsonis mixedviT imaSia, rom Sesaqmes aqtSi gaxsnas sakuTari
atributebi. Uuflis am swrafvaSi Cans misi keTili neba gaxados adamianebi bednierni, daajildovos
isini im TvisebebiT, romlebiTac isini arqetipebze gavlis gziT RvTaebriv atributebamde
amaRldebian. Ggamodis, rom uflis erTaderTi amocanaa bednierad aqcios adamianis.
jonsoni, rogorc WeSmariti berklianeli, uaryofs materialur keTildReobaSi bednierebis Ziebas.
Mmaterialuri substancia madlisa da bednierebis matarebeli ver iqneba. UumaRlesi tkboba miiRweva
ufalTan urTierTobasa da masTan erTobaSi, xolo bednierebis xarisxi uflis mimarT morCilebiT
isazRvreba. wminda werilSi axali eTikuri principis gaxsna mxolod gamocxadebiTaa SesaZlebeli,
misi gamoyeneba gonebasac SeuZlia.
Aamgvarad, eTikis racionalisturad dafuZnebis areali jonsonisaTvis trivialur swavlebaTa
sferoTi Semoifargla. Ees sfero TviTkmari xasiaTisa ar aris. EeTikaSi Teisturma ganwyobebma
gadasZala jonsoni filosofosi.
 amerikuli filosofiis mkvlevarebi (friSi, andersoni) miiCneven, rom jonsonis idealizmis
mTavari Rirebuleba vlindeba imaSi, rom man SeZlo gonebis farglebSi puritanuli TeologiisaTvis
woniani sayrdenebis moZieba. filosofiisa da Teologiis morigebis miseulma mcdelobam moamzada
amerikuli ganmanaTlebloba.

kiTxvebi da davalebebi:

1. SeadareT samuel jonsonis da jorj berklis Teoriebi. gamoyaviT msgavseba da

gansxvaveba.
2. daaxasiaTeT “Elementa Philosophica”- s mTavari ideebi.
3. moaxerxa Tu ara eTikis racionalisturi dafuZneba jonsonma?
4. ganmarteT cneba“inteleqtualuri intuicia”.
5. rogor ganmartavs jonsoni bednierebas?

uyureT films “𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐂𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞”- “mZime gansacdeli”. mecadineobaze vimsjeloT amerikel puritanTa
msoflmxedvelobaze. Tqveni azriT, ram gamoiwvia ZiriTad dogmatTa gadaxedvis saWiroeba.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCR4blZtjvc

literatura:

1. Anderson, Paul R. & Fisch, Max H. (1989), Philosophy in America. From the Puritans to
James. D. Appleton-Century Company press.
2. Ellis, Joseph J. (1973), The New England Mind in Transition: Samuel Johnson of
Connecticut 1696–1772, Yale University Press.
3. Flower, E. and Murphy, M.(1977), History of Philosophy in America. v. I. N.Y.
4. Gerlach, Don R. (2010), Samuel Johnson of Stratford in New England, 1696–
1772. Athens, GA: Anglican Parishes Association Publications.
5. Johnson, Samuel Elementa philosophica: containing chiefly, Noetica, or things relating
to the mind or understanding: and Ethica, or things relating to the moral behavior
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/evans/N05418.0001.001?view=toc. Ann Arbor, MI:: Text
Creation Partnership, 2011-05.