1.

INTRODUCTION

Laser cutting was first used in the 1970s. In modern industrial production, it is widely used
for cutting sheet metal, plastics, glass, ceramics, semiconductors, as well as materials such as
textiles, wood, and paper.

Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials. Laser cutting works by directing the
output of a high-power laser, by computer, at the material to be cut. The material then either melts,
burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface
finish. Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping
materials

Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to vaporize materials, resulting in a cut edge.
While typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, it is now used by schools,
small businesses, architecture, and hobbyists. Laser cutting works by directing the output of a
high-power laser most commonly through optics. The laser optics and CNC (computer
numerical control) are used to direct the laser beam to the material. A commercial laser for
cutting materials uses a motion control system to follow a CNC or G-code of the pattern to be
cut onto the material. The focused laser beam is directed at the material, which then either
melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, [1] leaving an edge with a high-
quality surface finish.
Laser cutting is a process of using a laser beam to cut and shape materials. It is a highly
accurate and precise method of cutting and is commonly used in manufacturing, automotive,
aerospace, and other industries. In this article, we will discuss what laser cutting is, how it
works, and its various applications.

Laser cutting is a manufacturing process that uses a high-powered laser beam to cut
materials. The laser beam is directed through a series of mirrors and lenses that focus it to a
small point on the surface of the material. As the laser beam heats the material, it melts,
burns, or vaporizes, creating a precise cut or shape.

Laser cutting is a highly accurate and precise method of cutting, making it ideal for intricate
designs and patterns. It can cut a wide range of materials, including metals, plastics,
ceramics, glass, and more.

Laser cutting of sheet metals has several advantages over conventional cutting methods.
Some of these advantages include high-speed and local processing, precision of operation,
low cutting waste, and net shaping. However, laser cutting faces problems when processing
difficult-to-cut materials. This is because of the fact that localized heating, due to the laser
irradiation at the surface, can be suppressed by the reflectivity of the substrates or heat
dissipation because of high thermal conductivity. In addition, laser cutting of ceramics is
challenging because of the thermally-induced cracking generated during the laser-cutting
process. In the laser-cutting process, the end product is highly-dependent on the proper
selection of the laser parameters and the workpiece material properties such that the high
quality of the desired end product is ensured. One of the high-thermal conductivity materials
of the metallic substrate is bronze, which is used in bearing applications due to its
low friction coefficient. Because laser cutting is involved with high-temperature processing,
temperature gradients developed in the cutting region result in high-thermal stresses.
Depending on the mechanical properties of the substrate material used, cracks can be formed
at the cut surfaces, limiting the practical application of the laser cut components.
Consequently, the investigation into laser cutting of difficult-to-cut materials becomes
essential. This, in turn, provides useful information on the machining capability lasers in
practical applications.