Lecture 5 Laplace acenaloe and its spectral econpas) Jon ‘ fet feC{H). rm foe pet, take oethogonal geodesics gf wih fl =plo =P. The Loplae open aloe : 2 (ple d £24) aeip- TH? | + 2)... Explicetey, He Laplace pote A gen 4 A=-fC 5a F) the uni le note Yat ZB igece. i by sealer mubtiple ) nh awe diferentiok opexator Yat commies wih St, (ip) - eten.Th paeticulae, for 2 hygpeelolle sueface /1= ptt, awe have &: Cc7(M)> cy) Let Map be a comnct ypeelolre surface. Thm Thm ( Specteal alecomposition ) LYM) has an cetvonoemal, Sisis B.. of Cow functions with eigenvalues O= ° hehe. S1,8. aiff Ineo, Pop.) & is agrmeeie: =, FhecM, 2) o Is positive. : Sot p20; a em Fa conik fe Consider te differential Free of oak ( aay he) AG BH) Note Mad: | 1) w Is P-imvariast ( check 8 on cule ia Z) 2) d= ~ (heh) ders + Lena dod, e js te Eucldem Lophcian, ashere N=- FeBy Stoke's Thm, {e-o, and, jaridy - = a aE dey Te peove @), we we, Stles Um to: w= P( By - Bede), This form is T-H¥ , al Yo ~ (/atf'el + fl Fat) deody Then farrag JG BE) & SO, ahi Hence, 20 sith "=" << Pact. The Specleal Tn is peated, & Sludirg : Heat eguation: For fe C°M), find ue CHR"), aut Bx oO hao ~ £) = tem eeatune al at time ot z, wet) ashen the initial tenperdtivee is fhY ARC) + SFO, 2) Rlaw)= ple, 3) tem 3 plan twdnly) = 42). Not tat uet)= Jplen) Plea lw) Gives a solution foo. te heat epuattion. CG solzition of He heat equation is Wiloue. [ Tp u,% ane sob.stions, thn VaU-% Is a Linn with F=O- We note that 47) = 2, #) =-2¢V,4V> <0. jv¥<0 For 420 => y=0 4 so Since Vhaom° 5Cr. 4) The heat he0enl is Unigue. 2g) 4 Pele) duly) = 1. FRook of Specteal aleuompesiti07; Cossuming exielance of, heat baal) We considlee Z Family of openatexs : RQ: 2M) Ld) £r—> Jplamtatw) MM opeetics: 6) OP in a solubion of tael eguotion ) & &, ~ Bat, this om Uli; ( ya ih CIEL ys ) 2) SB AD ~>O B, te Hilact- LO. In pactiewlee B= Le CR € CY) We note Wat pact is @n eigenfunction LF sith eigenvalue 1, @t vp be £ cont eigenfunction ef P 25th egempaluce Zz. Then ey Ry>- xe, Ro>=-2(ahp, BY> =-2 Koh p> <0, Hence, hep — fle decays, 5 Het 71. Finally, chin bal APrAp with 4 Of rdeed, 0- 808+ RRE-AL a4) 2(E%, = e¥(ap-ae),|Heat kernel on H. We are looking fer. Re HxH>R satisfylng Ye Propeeties of heat hernl. We eect: 4) Pela depends only on dian), nannely, pen) = Ridlen)) fe Rilo, 2) R)-o rapiclly as fe. oedinales : Then it is coneniout to use polar _coovdinates \ (9) 89 2 a Pa. A= Zab) tl) JN aR aR, an Then “TA wp) ES + “or = . 1 is sinphe in eesbecal cand elit ht However ,for a rapidly decaying f: Hak, we consialer, “howo spherical, teansform”: Hb ~ Jflrsds. Sine He depends ony on r, cot) coi) Sc) A 22 -22 4) y Or? Or on ere 4 ott) cx) xe Col) F inst, USE compute: Ql) = €* H[RG2l, ashied satisfies Ye epuation: SQ 2@ ~ art +o Ut oe =O Sine it is similae. ~8 Go het epuabson IR, se look foe sobstions of He faem G.lr)- ale) FH 2 and find Oz (r) = const z on ete ve )On He othee bend, Qulrm Ev | B( Ms sues Using Het cosh d= 1+ Joe, cosh d(s sviet) = 1+ SCD cosh afst E™ We make change of variables , adi vier) —carh“[ cabr +25* z") Then 6 ane" (cokp cor) sinbp b= sé dr. gt) =e SAQEES | CH) ep seb tamer: fe apidly cece pil) ke, C1pIL)= | AR = 2 Tred. 5=Ngelen Bq] $e T pape FT Cptst))! de _-2Jote sis de deol bn ~~ Sif pileray)dedy F roa and pe (ew) = R(dlew)). ‘We choose Ye constant- so Yok H § Ale) din(z) =f. (xxx)Len. plans) < const ee tntee (wvenrt) ue ce de dog Notre Ta is te heat” heenel. on HY. &y consteudtion , Pls) satisfies Ye heat equation, and chacly , paler) = Paley e) The propecty « Z plavspttipdnto) —~ Ha) is deduced from (**x) wd (oe) | Heat heanel on hypeetolle sentaces. dt M=p\H bo 2 compacB Aapee bolic savor, We sot Pal %0) = Fa Pel), Thm. p.len= aye € Lom. #tfel Mayu) =-J neon 40 | H po