Dihedral Group

Suppose a square is repositioned by a rotation of 90 followed by a

rotation of 180 about the horizontal axis of symmetry. In
pictures,

Thus, we see that this pair of motions taken together is equal to the
single motion D. This observation motivates us to define an
algebraic operation "followed by" on the set of motions.
Definition. A followed by B
We say a motion A followed by a motion B (written BA)
is equal to the motion C if, upon performing the
motion A and then the motion B, the net effect is the
same as that produced by performing C alone.

With this definition, we may now write HR90 = D.

To facilitate future computations, we construct an operation
table or Cayley table (so named in honor of the prolific
English mathematician Arthur Cayley, who first introduced
them in 1854) below. The circled entry represents the fact that
D = HR90.
The eight motions R0, R90, R180, R270, H, V, D, and D',
together with the operation "followed by“, form a
mathematical system called the dihedral group of order
8 (the order of a group is the number of elements it
contains). It is denoted by D4.
 Tabel Cayley 𝐷3
𝑅0 𝑅𝟏𝟐0 𝑅𝟐𝟒0 𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑3

𝑅0 𝑅0 𝑅𝟏𝟐0 𝑅𝟐𝟒0 𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑3
𝑅120 𝑅120
𝑅240 𝑅240
𝑑1 𝑑1
𝑑2 𝑑2
𝑑3 𝑑3