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File no. 18173

DRILLING DESIGN CALCULATION
REPORT
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6.3 Combined Stresses

For locations in the drilled path profile that is suspected of being a critical stress location,
Combined Stress (SA) shall meet the following criteria as per ASME B31.4/ ASME B31.8:

|𝑆𝐴 | ≤ 𝐹𝐴 × 𝑆𝑀𝑌𝑆

Where,
SMYS = Specified Minimum Yield Strength of Pipe material
FA = Allowable percentage of SMYS for combined stress
(FH or FO depending upon combined stress is being calculated for
hydrotest or operating condition)

The combined biaxial stress state of the pipeline in operating and hydrotest mode is calculated
using following equation:
1⁄
𝑆𝐴 = [𝑆𝐻2 − 𝑆𝐻 𝑆𝐿 + 𝑆𝐿2 ] 2

Where,
SH = Hoop’s Stress
SL = Longitudinal Stress

TABLE 6.3.1. COMBINED STRESSES – Hydrotest Case

Hoop’s Stress Longitudinal Stresses Combined Stress Max. Combined
Location
(SH) (SL) (SA) Stress as % of
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] SMYS
Section AB 175.71 52.71 156.18 43.50 %
Section BC 177.18 148.75/ -42.44 164.82/ 201.78 56.21 %
Section CD 178.63 53.59 158.77 44.22 %
Section DE 177.30 148.79/ -42.41 164.90/ 201.87 56.23 %
Section EF 175.63 52.69 156.10 43.48 %
Maximum Combined Stress [Hydrotest] 201.87 56.23 %

Combined Stress Check: For hydrotest case, does the condition

Maximum Combined Stress [56.23%] ≤ Allowable Combined Stress [90%] True

TABLE 6.3.2. COMBINED STRESSES – Operation Case

Hoop’s Stress Longitudinal Stresses Combined Stress Max. Combined
Location
(SH) (SL) (SA) Stress as % of
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] SMYS

Pipeline 125.21 55.12/ -136.07 108.69/ 226.34 63.05 %

Combined Stress Check: For Operation case, does the condition

Maximum Combined Stress [63.05%] ≤ Allowable Combined Stress [90%] True

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File no. 18173
DRILLING DESIGN CALCULATION
REPORT
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MINIMUM ELASTIC BEND RADIUS CALCULATION

7.1 General
7.1.1 Minimum (allowable) Elastic Bend Radius (MEBR) for the pipeline profile across the
crossing location is determined from the allowable longitudinal stress for following cases:

• Installation
• Hydrotest
• Operation

7.1.2 Minimum (allowable) Elastic Bend Radius (MEBR) for the pipeline profile across the
crossing location is determined from the allowable combined stress for following cases:

• Hydrotest
• Operation

7.1.3 The minimum (allowable) radius of curvature for the pipeline at the crossing location shall be
the product of highest value of the minimum pipeline elastic bends radii as computed from the
considerations outlined as above and the multiplication factor of 1.85 times to compensate for
drilling inaccuracies.

The minimum allowable radius of curvature for pipeline profile = 485 m

Notes:
1. Total pull force is utilized to calculated longitudinal stress due to axial force under installation condition.
2. Maximum hydrostatic test pressure for the lowest point in the pipeline profile shall be considered for the
calculation of longitudinal stress due to internal pressure under hydrotest case.

7.2 MEBR based on Longitudinal Stress Criterion

7.2.1 Minimum Elastic Bend Radii determined from the allowable longitudinal stress criteria is
indicated as Table 7.2.1.1 as below:

TABLE 7.2.1.1 MINIMUM ELASTIC BEND RADIUS – Longitudinal Stress

Longitudinal Longitudinal Longitudinal

Stress due to stress due to stress due to Bending Longitudinal MEBR
Internal Thermal Axial Stress Stresses with
Case
Pressure Expansion Loading safety
factor
(SP) (ST) (SX) (SB) (SL)
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [m]

Installation 0.0 0.0 17.61 268.26 285.86 363

Hydrotest 53.59 0.0 0.0 232.65 286.23 418
Operation 37.56 -78.04 0.0 245.69 286.17 396

Maximum Elastic Bend Radius from allowable longitudinal stress criteria 418

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7.2.2 The minimum allowable radius of overbend for the pipe string before entry pit on rollers is
equal to the value of the minimum pipeline elastic bend radius as determined from the
allowable longitudinal stress for installation condition and multiplication by the factor of 1.85
times.

Minimum allowable radius of over-bend during installation = 363

m

7.3 MEBR based on Combined Stress Criterion

7.3.1 Minimum Elastic Bend Radii determined from the allowable combined stress criterion is
indicated as Table 7.3.1.1 as below:

TABLE 7.3.1.1 MINIMUM ELASTIC BEND RADIUS – Combined Stress

Hoop’s Stress Longitudinal Stresses Combined Stress MEBR with
Case
(SH) (SL) (SA) safety factor
[MPa] [MPa] [MPa] [m]
Hydrotest 178.63 -193.26 322.14 394

Operation 125.21 -241.16 322.53 485

Maximum Elastic Bend Radius from allowable combined stress criteria 485

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MISCELLANEOUS CALCULATIONS

8.1 Maximum Permissible Overburden on Pipe

The pipe string is checked for maximum permissible overburden on pipe to check that the
empty pipeline is safe from collapse at any point due to caving of the drilled hole. The
external pressure on pipe due to collapse of drilled hole is calculated as below:

𝑃𝑒 = (𝐻𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 ∙ 𝜌𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 + 𝐻𝑤𝑡𝑟 ∙ 𝜌𝑤𝑡𝑟 )

= 0.372 MPa

Where,
Pe = External pressure on pipe
Hsoil/ Hwtr = Height of soil/ water column above pipe
ρsoil/ ρwtr = Density of soil/ water column above pipe

The critical elastic buckling pressure of a theoretically perfect pipe (perfectly round with a
constant thickness) due to hydrostatic pressure loading only is given by the following
expression:
2
2𝐸𝑆 𝑡 𝑡
𝑃𝑐 = ( )
1 − 𝜐 2 𝐷𝑠 𝐷𝑠 − 𝑡

= 7.478 MPa

Where,
Pc = Elastic buckling pressure of pipe
E = Elastic modulus of pipe
Ds = Steel diameter of pipe
t = ts – CA (Corroded wall thickness of pipe)

Is the pipeline safe from buckling due to external overpressure on pipe due to caving in of
drilled hole i.e.

Pc ≥ Pe True

8.2 Distance between rollers (during pre-hydrotesting)

Maximum distance between supports for pipe string is determined for bending due to self-
weight while placed on rollers during pre-hydrostatic of the pipe string. Design formula for
calculating bending stress and deflection between supports are derived from the usual beam
formula i.e.:

39 ∙ 𝑤𝐷𝐿2
𝑆𝑏 =
625 ∙ 𝐼

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Where,

w = Water filled weight of unit length pipe

L = Calculated maximum span length between supports
I = Moment of Inertia of steel pipe
Note:
Maximum bending stress of the pipe shall not be more than 30% of pipe strength i.e. Sb = 0.3× SMYS.

Thus, distance between rollers (L) is calculated as below:

625 ∙ 𝐼 ∙ (0.3 × 𝑆𝑀𝑌𝑆)

L = √
39 ∙ 𝑤𝐷

25 m
Where,
𝜋(𝐷𝑠4 − 𝐷𝑖4 )
Moment of Inertia [I] =
64
0.000606 m4

Water filled weight of unit pipe [w] = (𝑊𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 + 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑡1 + 𝑊𝑐𝑜𝑎𝑡2 ) + 𝑊𝑤𝑡𝑟
(refer clause 3.1 of this report)
3357.22 N/m

Is the calculated maximum span length between supports greater than the distance between
the rollers support i.e.

Lroller (12 m) ≤ L (25 m) True

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