Rizal's Life;

Higher Education and Life Abroad

Reported by;
Dinver Baldos
Danica
Learning Objectives
At end of the chapter, the student should be able to;
1. Explain the life of Dr. Jose P. Rizal in Ateneo and in University of Santo Tomas (UST)
2. Differentiate the system of education during Riza'ls time and the present
educational system in the Philippines.
3. Imitate Rizal's diligence in studying towards excellence & ideals of nationalism.
4. Distinguish the inspiration of Rizal & the importance of his writings for a cause.
5. Trace the relevance of Dr. Jose P. Rizal's Higher education and accomplishment to
his desire for freedom .
6. Locate the places in the world map the places visited by Dr. Jose P. Rizal.
 Rizal's
Higher
Education
Formal Search for Knowledge at Ateneo Municipal
Rizal entered Ateneo Municipal when he was at 11 years old,
four months after the execution of GOMBURZA and Dona
Teodora still in prison.
His father decided not to send him at the Colegio de San
Jose because of the unhappy experience his brother
Paciano had in the said school.
His father wanted to send Rizal to Colegio de San Juan de
Letran but later decided to have him enrolled at Ateneo
Municipal, formerly know as Escuela Pia.
ATENEO
Rizal took the entrance examination at the
Colegio de San Juan de Letran on June 10,
1872.

After passing the qualifying examination,

Rizal sought admission at the Ateneo
Municipal.
Enrollment at Ateneo
Father Magin Fernando, the college registrar, was at first very firm in Denying Rizal
admission.
Rizal was refused to be admitted in this institution for two reasons:
-Late registrant
-Frail and undersized for this age.

Due to the intervention of Manuel Burgos, the college registrar finally admitted the
young Jose.
Jose addopted the surname Rizal at Ateneo because their family name Mercado had
come under suspicion of the Spanish authories. -
Ateneo was located in Intramuros, Manila. He boarded in a house on Caraballo
Street, 25mins. walk from the campus. The boarding house was owned by Titay,
who owed Rizal family P300. Jose boarded there to collect part of the debt.
The Atenean System of Education
Jesuits trained the character of every student through rigid discipline and religious
instruction. Students were required to hear masses in the morning before the start of
the classes. Classes were usually began and ended with prayers.
Atenean teachers enforced a program of dividing

a class into two competing
empires:
- The Romans
- The Carthaginians
Roman Empire were the boarding students at Ateneo and the Carthaginian Empire
were non-boarding students.
The Atenean System of Education
Both empires had their ranks and dignities, namely : emperor, tribune,
decurion, certurion and standard bearer.
Rizal understood the seriousness and
severity of this studies. In order to
excel he made himself follow a daily timetable, which he rigidly observed.
Rizal lagged behind his classmates. But in a month's time. He emerged as the
emperor in his class.
 Academic Performance at Ateneo
Rizal's First Year -He was an Externo(
Carthagianian), occupying the
-Rizal's first professor in end of the line. But at the end of
Ateneo was Fr. Jose the month, he become emperor
Bech. of his Empire.
-He was the brightest student
in the whole class, and
-Rizal was placed at the awarded a prize, a religioushe was
bottom of the class
prize.
since he was a
newcomer and knows -Rizal took private lessons in
little Spanish. Santa Isabel College during
noon recess to improve his
Spanish language, paying three
pesos for those extra lessons.
-Rizal didn't enjoy his summer
vacation because his mother
was in prison so Neneng(
Saturnina) brought him to
Tanauan.
-But without telling his father,
he went to Santa Cruz to visit
her mother in prison. He told
her of his brilliant grades.
-After summer, he returned
to Manila and now boarded
in Intramuros at No. 6
Magallanes Street.
 Academic Performance at Ateneo
Rizal's Second Year
-At the end of the -The Count of -Universal History by
school year, Rizal Monte Cristo by Cesar Cantu: Rizal
received excellent Alexander Dumans : persuaded his father
grades in all the first favorite to but this set of
subjects and a gold novel of Rizal which historical work that
medal. made a deep was a great aid in his
impression on him. studies.
 Academic Performance at Ateneo
Rizal's Third -June 16, 1875 - Rizal -Padre Francisco de
/Fourth Year became an interno in Paula Sanchez- a great
Ateneo educator and scholar,
-Rizal grades one of Rizal's professors
remained excellent in -At the end of the who inspired him to study
all subjects but he school year, Rizal harder to write poetry.
won only one medal-- returned to Calamba
- in Latin. for the summer -Rizal topped all his
vacation. He himself classmates in all subjects
was not impressed and won five medals at
by this scholastic the end of the school
work term.
 Academic Performance at Ateneo
Rizal's Last Year
-Rizal- the most -Graduated With
brilliant Atenean Highest Honor
of his time, and
was truly the pride
of the Jesuits.
-March 23, 1877- Rizal
received from his Alma
mater, Ateneo
Municipal, the degree
of Bachelor of Arts,
with highest honors.
 Academic Performance at Ateneo
Rizal's academic triumph at Ateneo can be attributed to those factors,
namely: racial pride, monastic discipline and seclusion of boarding school
life.
He was exerted extraordinary efforts to prove to this Spanish classmates
that the Filipino students can compete with them academically.
The monastic discipline of competition insides the classroom triggered in
him the motivation to outdo his classmates.
Owing to the seclusion of his boarding school life, he was able to devote
more time to his studies.
Extra-curricular Activities at Ateneo
He became a member of and eventually an officer in the religious confraternities at
Ateneo "Sodality of Our Lady; and Apostleship of Player.
He also joined the Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural
Sciences.
Rizal took painting lessons under Agustin Saez, and sculpture lessons under
Romualdo de Jesus.
As a result of the talent he had in fine arts, Rizal was able to carve the image of the
Virgin Mary and the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
He also sustained the physical fitness training he started under his Tio Manuel.
 Literary Work at Ateneo
The first poem he wrote as a student was entitled Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration). This
poem was dedicated by Rizal to his mother on the occasion of the latter's natal day.
Un Cuerdo de Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town). This poem was his way of paying homage to his
birthplace, Calamba.
Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) Written by Rizal during his student days, when he was 14 years old.
This poem was his expression of his devotion to Catholicism.
Through Education The Country Receives Light- Rizal compared education to a lighthouse, considering
that it can guide people in their behaviors and actions.
The Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education- Rizal stressed the importance of religion
to education. For Rizal, Education not centered on God Cannot be considered true education.
 UST
Rizal's completion of the Bachiller en Artes
at Ateneo Municipal entitled him for
admission to higher studies at a university.
Although Doña Teodora was opposed to
Rizal's pursuit of higher education for fear
of what might happen to him due to the
martyrdom of Gomburza, Don Francisco
decided to send him to UST.
Enrollment at the University of Santo Tomas
•At first, Rizal was not certain of what course to pursue after graduating with
honors at Ateneo. His former Jesuits mentors were suggesting that Rizal
should take either priesthood or farming.
•Rizal considered going into literature,law or medicine.
•His brother Paciano discouraged him to pursue law, owing to his belief that
Rizal will not be able to practice the profession later due to the political
conditions in the country during those times.
•Uncertain of what to take up, the sixteen-year-old Rizal enrolled the course
Philosophy and Letters, during his freshman year at UST.
•
 Enrollment at the University of Santo Tomas
-In the first place, the said course was what his father wanted him to
pursue. Secondly, his decision to enroll in the said academic program
could also be attributed to his failure to solicit the advice of Father Ramon
Pablo.
•After his freshman year, Rizal shifted his course from philosophy and
letters to medicine. This was brought about by two factors.
•He was advised by Father Ramon to pursue the course. Owing to his
mother's failing eyesight, Rizal felt that he should finish medicine so that
he could cure his mother's physical ailment.
•
 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UST
••Rizal's academic.performance at UST was not comparable with how
he fared in Ateneo.
•His unhappiness at UST can be traced to three factors, namely: the
hostility of Dominican professors to Rizal; racial discrimination
against Filipino students: and obsolete and repressive method of
instruction at UST.
•From Rizal's scholastic records, it was obvious that he was not a good
material for a medical course. His grades in most of his medical
subjects were generally average, indicating that medicine was not his
real vocation but in the arts.
 ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AT UST
••Rizal's unsatisfactory performance can also be attributed to the
exciting distractions of youth he experienced as a student in Manila.
Rizal became fascinated with women during his student days at UST.
•At first, he became infatuated with Segundina Katigbak of Batangas,
whom he visited often in her boarding house frequently.
•In fact, there is a time that he was courting Leonor "Orang" Valenzuela
and Leonor Rivera. After hearing that Orang was already engaged with
another man, Rizal concentrate to Leonor Rivera.
 Liberalism and Filipino Students at UST
The influx of liberal ideas can be attributed to the opening of the Suez
Canal, and the opening of the Philippines to world trade.
To encourage the production of literary works in Manila, the Liceo
Artistico Literario de Manila, an organization of art lovers in the city,
conducted regular competition in literary writing.
Rizal joined the contests. His entries, A La Juventud Filipina (To the
Filipino Youth) and El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the
Gods) were adjudged as the best entry in the said competition.
 Important Literary Work as a University
Student
A La Juventud Filipina. A La Juventud Filipina was a classic in
Philippine literature for two reasons. First, it was the first great poem
in Spanish written by a Filipino, recognized by the Spanish
authorities. Second, it was the first expression of the nationalistic
concept that the Filipinos were the fair hope of the motherland.
Another important point that Rizal stressed in the poem relates to
the role of the youth in nation building. From the poem, he called the
youth, The Fair Hope of the Motherland.
 Important Literary Work as a University
Student
Rizal challenged the youth of his day to do three things: to cultivate
their talents in the arts; to develop their knowledge of the sciences;
and to look forward and break their chain of bondage

El Consejo de los Dioses. It was an allegory in praise of Cervantes as

a co-equal of Homer and Virgil. The entry was judged the best entry
in the competition that year. The jury, however, upon discovering
that its author was a Filipino decided to confer the grand prize to a
Spaniard.
 Important Literary Work as a University
Student
Junto al Pasig. It is a play written by Rizal at the request of the Jesuits
and was staged at Ateneo, in connection with the celebration of the
Feast Day of Immaculate Conception.

A Filipinas. This sonnet was written by Rizal in 1880 not only to praise
the Philippines for its beauty but to encourage Filipino artists to
glorify the country through their art works.
 Student Activism at UST
• In order to show their Spanish detractors
that Filipino students were united, Rizal

Companions of Jehu. Rizal naturally
organized a secret society of Filipino students. This society came to be called
Compañerismo. The members called themselves
became the president of this secret society, with Galicano Apacible as secretary.
•He criticized the humiliating treatment of brown Filipino students, who were often
insulted by their Dominican mentors.
•He also condemned the archaic/old method of instruction at UST.
•He described comically the teaching of Physics devoid of laboratory experiments.
Students could not even touch the different laboratory apparatus and equipment.
•Moreover, favoritism and skin color, not meritocracy and intellectual brilliance, were
the criteria for judging the actual academic performance of students
 First taste of Spanish Brutality
Rizal had his first taste of Spanish brutality during his first summer vacation at
Calamba after his freshman year at UST. While he was walking in the street, he
failed to see the man passing by owing to the darkness of the night. Because
he was not able to recognize the man, who happened to be lieutenant of the
Guardia Civil, Rizal did not bother to salute nor greet him Buenas noches.
Since, the lieutenant was expecting that he be treated with respect and
courtesy by everybody in the town, what he did was to whip out his sword and
slashed it at Rizal's back.
•Rizal was wounded. He sent a written complaint to Governor-General de
Rivera about the incident. Nothing positive came out from his complaint,
considering that he was an Indio. This incident left a deep impression on Rizal.
 Decision to go to Europe
. •After completing his fourth year in the medical course, Rizal decided
to leave the country for Europe. While obviously, Rizal was to leave the
country to complete his medical course in Barcelona, Spain, this was
not the real reason for his sudden departure.
•There were hidden purposes for his voyage to a new world. It can be
inferred from Paciano's letter to Rizal that the following were the real
purposes of Rizal's voyage to Europe: to make a name for himself in
the realm of journalism: to observe and study European society: and to
prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish
tyranny.
Rizal's
Life
Abroad
May 1, 1882 - Rizal began writing farewell letters to his friends and family.
✓✓Paciano gave him money for his allowance
Saturnina gave him a diamond ring
May 3, 1882 - Rizal left for the Philippines for the first time to Spain boarded
on the SS Salvadora bound for using a passport of Jose Mercado.
May 9, 1882 - SS Salvadora docked in Singapore and stayed in Hotel dela
Paz for two days.
No
In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French steamer,
which left Singapore for Europe on May 11, 1882.
Hotel De La Paz
 Punta de Gales
May 17, 1882 - Rizal arrived at
Paula de Gales to go to Colombo
and Rizal wrote on his travel
diary: "The general appearance
of Punta de Gales is picturesque
but lonely and quiet and at the
same time sad."
 Aden, Yemen
May 27, 1882 - He landed at Aden,
Yemen at about 8:30 am. He made
observation at the time.

Aden is a city hotter than Manila.

Rizal was amused to see the
camels, for the first time.
Suez Canal
June 2, 1882 - He
arrived at the Suez
Canal en route to
Marseilles. Rizal was
impressed in the
beautiful moonlight
which reminded him of
Calamba and his family.
CITY OF MAPLES

June 11, 1882 - Rizal disembarked and accompanied by a guide, went

around the City of Naples for one hour. This was the first European ground
he set foot on.
Rizal was pleased on this Italian City because of its business activity, its
lively people and its panoramic beauty.

June 12, 1882 - At 10

Marseilles
o'clock in the evening, the
boat anchored at
Marseilles. He slept in
board.

Rizal visited the famous

Chateau d'If, where
Dantes, hero of the Count
of Monte Cristo was
imprisoned. Rizal stayed
two and a half days in
Marseilles. 8
Fonda De Espana
June 16, 1882 - At 12:00
noon, Rizal arrived at
Barcelona and boarded in
the Fonda De España.
Rizal's first impression of
Barcelona, the greatest
city of Cataluña and
Spain's second largest city
was unfavorable.

8
Life in Barcelona
•He wrote an essay entitled "Amor Patrio" (Love of Country)
•His next article was entitled "Los Viajes" (Travels) and followed
by "Revista de Madrid" (Review of Madrid) but the latter was
returned because the publication was ceased because of luck of
funds.
August 20, 1882 - His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the
Diariong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodora.
This was the first article hw wrote abroad.
Amor Patrio (Love of Country) -
nationalistic essay, Rizal's first article
written on Spain's soil. Under his pen-
name Laong Laan. It was published in
two texts - Spanish and. Tagalog. The
Spanish text was the one originally
written by Rizal in Barcelona, the
Tagalog text was a Tagalog
translation made by Marcelo H. del
Pilar.
September 2, 1882- Rizal
moved heading to Madrid
in order to Continue his
medical studies.

November 3, 1882- Rizal

enrolled at the Universided
Central de Madrid. In two
courses - Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters.
Life in Madrid
Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando - Rizal studied painting
and sculpture. He took lessons in French, German and English
under private instructors. He practiced fencing and shooting at
the Hall of Arms in Sanz y Carbonell.
Rizal joined the Circulo- Hispano
Filipino. It is an association formed by
Filipino students in Spain composed of
both Filipinos and Spaniards.
Mi Piden Versos (They Ask
Me for Verses) upon the
request of the members of
this society, Rizal wrote this
poem. Which he personally
declaimed during the New
Year's Eve reception held in
the evening of December 31,
1882.
March 1883 - He joined the
Masonic Lodge called Acacia.
His reason for was to secure
Freemasonry's aid in his fight
for the Philippine.

November 1883 - He
transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad, where he become
a Master Mason.
June 1884
Rizal finished his medical
education. He was conferred the
degree of Licentiate in Medicine.
The next year, he pass all the
subjects leading the Doctors of
Medicine but was only able to get
his Doctor's Diploma in 1887 for
he wasn't able to pay the
corresponding fees.
June 1885
Rizal was awarded the degree of
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
by the Universidad Central de
Madrid with the rating of excellent (
Sobresaliente).
Paris to Berlin
Rizal went to Paris and
Germany in order to specialize
in Opthalmology- Rizal chose
this branch of medicine
because he wanted to cure his
mother's eye ailment.
Dr. Louis De Wecker
He is the leading French
Ophthalmologist during his
period. He is leading
authority among the oculists
of France, who found Rizal
such a competent student and
make him as his clinical
assistant.
February 1, 1886
He left Paris for Germany and
arrived on February 3,1886 in
Heidelberg- a holistic city in
Germany, famous for its old
university and romantic
surrounding.
Dr. Otto Becker
Distinguished German
Ophthalmologist where Rizal
worked- University Eye
Hospital.
November 1886
Rizal arrived in Berlin. He was enchanted by
the scientific atmosphere and the absence of
racial prejudice in Berlin.
Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor, the great scientist
and author of " Travel in the Philippines" one
of the books Rizal admired during his student
days.
He also met Dr. Rudolf Virchow known to be
the Father of Modern Pathology.
Rizal's reason in staying in Berlin.

1. To gain further knowledge in Ophthalmology.

2. To improve further his studies of sciences and languages.

3. To observe the economic and political conditions of the german

nation.

4. To associate with famous German scientists and scholars.

5. To publish his novel, Noli Me Tangere

November 1886

One of Rizal's important letters written

while he was in Germany that addressed
to his sister, Trinidad.

In his letter, Rizal expressed his high

regard and admiration for German
womanhood

The German woman, said Rizal to his

sister, is serious, diligent, educated and
friendly. She is not gossipy, frivolous
and quarrelsome.
Noli Me Tangere (published in Berlin, 1887)
The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal's darkest winter
because no money arrived from Calamba and he was flat
broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him
was in the pawnshop. It was memorable in the life of Rizal for
two reasons:
1. It was a painful episode for he was hungry, sick and
despondent in a strange city:
2. it brought him great joy after enduring so much sufferings,
because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in
March, 1887.
.
Uncle Toms Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe

it inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a

novel that would depict the
miseries of his people under the
lash of Spanish tyrants.


Maximo Viola
Rizal's friend from Bulacan,
arrived in Berlin at the height of
Rizal despondency and loaned
him the needed funds to publish
the novel; savior of Noli.
February 21, 1887

The Noli was finally finished and

ready for printing

Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-
Gesellschaft - a printing shop which
charged the lowest rate, that is, 300
pesos for 2,000 copies of the novel.
March 21, 1887

The Noli Me Tangere came off the press

The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which

means "Touch Me Not. It is not originally conceived by
Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible.
Rizal's Grand Tour of
Europe with Viola
May 21, 1887

Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train

going to Dresden, one of the best
cities in Germany

Prometheus Bound - a painting

wherein Rizal was deeply
impressed

Teschen (now Decin,

Czechoslovakia)next stop over
after leaving Dresden
LEITMERITZ

At 1:30 pm pf May 13, 1887- the

train, with Rizal and Viola on
board, arrived at the railroad
station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia for
the first time. the two great
scholars - Rizal and Blumentritt -
met in person

Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt-

a kind- hearted, old Austrian
professor
VIENNA
May 20, 1887 - Rizal and Viola
arrived in the beautiful city of
Vienna, capital of Austria-
Hungary
Vienna was truly the "Queen of
Danube" because of its
beautiful building, religious
images, haunting waltzes and
majestic charm.
RHEINFALL
The Cathedral of Ulm the largest
and tallest Cathedral in
Germany. From Ulm, they went
to Stuttgart, Baden and then
Rheinfall
At Rheinfall, they saw the
waterfall, "the most beautiful
waterfall of Europe."
Crossing the frontier to Switzerland

June 2 to 3, 1887 - stayed at Schaffhausen,

Switzerland

Geneva
The Swiss City is one of the most beautiful
cities in Europe, visited by world tourists
every year

June 19, 1887- Rizal treated Viola to a

blow-out. It was his 26th birthday. Rizal
and Viola spent fifteen delightful days in
Geneva.
GENEVA

June 23, 1887 - Viola and Rizal

parted ways - Viola returned to
Barcelona while Rizal continued the
tour to Italy.

Exposition of the Philippines in

Madrid, Spain- Rizal was outraged
by this degradation of his fellow
countrymen, the igorots of Northern
Luzon.
Rizal in Italy

June 27, 1887 - Rizal reached Rome, the "Eternal City" and also
called the City of the Caesars". Rizal was trilled by the sights
and memories of the Eternal City.

Describing to Blumentritt, the "grandeur that was Rome" he

wrote on June 27, 1887.
COLLOSEUM
 June 29, 1887 - the Feast Day of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal
visited for the first time the Vatican, the city of the popes and
the capital of Christendom.
 Every night, after sightseeing the whole day, Rizal
returned to his hotel, very tired. " I am tired as dog," he
wrote to Blumentritt, "but I will sleep as a God".

After a week of wonderful sojourn in Rome, Rizal

prepared to return to the Philippines. He has already
written to his father that he was coming home.
Thank You for
listening!