12 RATIO RATIO ents a relation ich repres ha For ‘example, 80. orcomparison of two: umber, OF Rao anothe tity of in whit < quantity bears 0 another quantity of the sam, relation in which oe pean is made by considering Ratio ie tre to thelr Mgnitudes, (he or rte second. oh pind with tne gantity 18 : mute or PD aed ach girls and 36 boys im 8 class, then the rato y fr example 36 or 9. . mber of girls. poys to girls is“ = The num the ratio of girls por of boys is 9 times of the nu to boys is 2 ofthe umber of boys. er number is that third numb ber with an oth ber iret number. For example, <> The number of girls is the ratio ofa num: rds, 6 Inother wor the rag number Bi which multiplied by The ratio of 36 to 4is “yy he 9 Sin 9x4=36. Here 36 is first number, 4 is second numb In symbols, the ratio 5 is ‘written as a: b (read as a to b). Here a is called the antecedent and b the consequent and each is called a term of the ratio. a is knownas fast term and b is known as second term of the ratio 5. Remark : If three or more quantities are to be compared by as: er and 9 is third umber. division, then itis written ay $y $52 For example, @) Ifthe income of three workers are % 300, ¢ 500, ¢ 700 respectively, thet "the ratio oftheir incomes is 800 : 600 : 700 or 3:5:7. Gi) The rato of the ‘racks obtained by a student in five subjects may be # on . PROPERTIES OR RULES OF RATIO” In the ratio $ which is written asa:b (read asa tob), the is ea since 1:9 and 9: 1 are not same. tio represents the relati c iti : . sel ion betwee a4 seein maa ea me eatin owe to write @ 1 = 100 Paise or 1 Pa” (b) We can not find a rati ; ~ benatipeahione Usenet . is an abst i i fs i nasal aa ine mtbr Le espe cf OT oe i ‘The relationshiy @ ip between tw i quantities of the same kind can be expressed in two wav® € 808% 8 mo an we than ® 72, This Gi) & 80 is 10 ti . This is called dif 80 is 10 times of ¢ 8. This is ca eee fi base » be, = 10, 3710. order of the term Scanned with CamScanner249 £80 _ . . rk 4yAratio remains unalteregy®, Bed by the same number, For gatumerator and denominator are multiplied axe _a/d bxe” bd ‘4 athomatical operating AND RACTION , their meanings are ae, and fraction are written in the same manner jon simply dene with egret With rai, there a’ eoneopt of ngs tho ato of boys and girls in a cnas int then tag ration but if we say “patio is written in the form of miniimae, one eat ati composite eee Mibimum fractions If needed it can be writen example, the least form ‘ . ehea by 28 (their Teer ‘conte ratio 928: 196 is 1:7 where both quantities ae TYPES OF RATIO. G)If the ratio is less than 1, then itis said to be lese in equality. For example, = etc. 29 a (i) Ifthe ratio is equal to unit, then itis said to be equality ratio. For example, a ‘he oo Sreater than 1, then it is said to be greater in equality. For a etc. v) The ratio of the squares of first term and second term ofa ratio,is called Ratio. For example, 2 : 3, the ratio of their squares is 2" : 3° or 4: 9. iy the ratio 2° : 3° is called Triplicate Ratio and the ratio \2 : V3 is called iuplicate Ratio of the ratio 2:3. “(v) The ratio of the products of first terms and the produet of second terms of por more ratios is called their Compound Ratio, For example, (a) the compound 2,8,9 is 2x5 x9:8%7 x 17 or 90:357 oF 30: 119, “QIfA : B = 11:12,B :C =13:14,C : D =15:16thentofindA: D, we ALA BOC 1 38 15 _ 115 D-B™C™D™ 1214" 16 896 | }: 9? :8is also a compound ratio of and 2 where § is compounded with tele. TO FIND RATIO WHEN NUMBERS ARE KNOWN tration 1 i sts % 5, what one kil f apples costs ¢ 8 and one kilogram of oranges cos Tato of he cost of the ‘apples to the cost of the oranges. ati i ce of an orange ratio of the price ofan apple to price a ea Be gi = Price of oranges porkg <5 5 2 is the ratio of 8 em to 3m? 1 metre = 100 centimetre => 3 metre = 8 x 100 centimetre oils (0 kilometre per hour. Here speed. goes 40 kilometre in 4 hours, then his speed ="4 : echcnslladd we . 5a diffrent, The quotient of fue oa irr The units of distance and time pete abl Thus rate of speed is 10 kem/honF Scanned with CamScannergem and 3m= The ratio of Mlustration 3 ¢ two numbers is 40 and difference is 4. What is the rakig ‘The sum of i the numbers? Solute” so two numbers box and y where x>y) E+y= Sum of the numbers, * i ce of the numbers, x Rikling equations (and (2), 2e 4 4 7 722 be : 2 i + . 1 PRs Substitute this value of «in equation (1), . ‘ 0-22 =18 ; Saheratio of andy is x:y=22:18=11:9. = tration 4 cae ee age is half that of B's age. When B's age doubles, what will be thong Bis age to that of A’ age? 7 Solution Let age of B=y years age of A=5 years B’s age after y years=y +y =2y As age after y years=y +3 = 9 The ratio of the ages of B and A= a a aayx2s 3y/2 =X ay To Find the Numbers when Ratio is known* Mustration 1 =4:3 A ratio in its lowest terms is 3 : 7. If the difference between the ‘quantities 16, find the quantities. Solution Let the two quantities be 3a and 7a. Hence, the difference between the quantities, Ta -3a=16 = 4a =16 nan tBea Henee, first quantity = 3x4 =12 and ue second quantity = 7x 4= 28) Mustration 2 ‘The ages of Ram and Mohan are i ie 8: difference bev them is 12 years, Find the ages of Regn ara Aro 7 and the Solution e Let the age of Ram = 5x years and the age of Mohan = 7x peas * ‘The difference of their agos = 7x — 5x years rae the difference is 12 (given), i nce Tx ~ Bx = 12 : If the ratio of two numbers is a : b, th axe:b xe, wherec is en there may be tine nuninn sone dina ingen ets Bae a6 Soon coor none 98 Came Scanned with CamScanner251 | Compan pare t0 OF more rat ISON OF | qtheir denominators equal by necesa | ake Maparing their numerators, ‘ary mathematical operations, e., L.C.M. | fen Ome is equal to others and wig ecci%e which one is greater than the other, | ae ofmerator is larger, one is less than the other, The ratio with OF RATIOS 4 write the ratios in terms of fractions and } mn wesc js the greatest ratio? 35 19 9 sist’ LCM of 3, 7, 9 and 2= 7x9 x2 = 196, , Weee! 7X42 25 x18 35x14 19x63 126° 126°” 126 126 294, 450 490 1197 fa 126’ 126" 126” 126° is Glearly the numerator 1197 is the greatest, Hence, the greatest ratio is 19 : 2 ain aR o0NG AND SUBTRACTING IN THE TERMS OF ARATIO OR IN THE NUMBERS i a a 4 umabers are in the ratio of 5: 8. If9 be added to each they are in the rate a as Find the numbers. ‘Bilaspur, numbers are in the ratio 5 : 8. 9 aaah jnerire, ‘we ean assume that the numbers are Gx and &x. Adding 9 suber, we get new ratio 2 = : sates > Second numbe : ion? «ch term in the ratio 5 : 6 8 tat it Pecomes What should be subtracted from eat 11? ie) rm, then Let x be subtracted from each i 8 uuuy Scanned with CamScannerpusiness MATHEMATIC. __ of 9:4, Seven years hence, the x the rat tt iparoin the ratio vo A.and Bare in bee 3, Find their 18" way coauplt ofA and B be Ox and 4x. a a aren, the ratio of their ages ‘After 7 year came 447° 3 cad 8(Ox +7) = 5(4x + 7) = Qx + 21 = 20x + 35 = 27x - 20x = 85 - 21 ° e=14 ae A's present age = 9x2 bea BYs present age = 4x2 Mlustration 4 ‘The income of A and B is in the ratio 4 : 3 and their expenditure j 3:2, I'they both save € 600 at the end of a year, find the annual inents (ie., each saves 7 600 per year) Meme ot Solution ty Since the ratio of incomes of A and B is 4:3, 60 incomes are 4x and 3x respectively. ‘we can assume that gs and Expenditure of B = income ~ saving = Expenditure of A _ 4x -600_3 Expenditure of B ~ 8x - 600 2 = or 8x - 1,200 or oe x= 600 ‘Thus, income of A = 4 x 600 = 2,400 and income of B = 3 x 600 = 1,800 Ilustration 5 ‘Two brothers have their annual incomes in the ratio in the ratio 5: 3. If they save & 2,400 and @ 2,000 p.a., find their incomes. ~ Solution Since the ratio of incomes of two brothers is 8 : 5, so we can assume tht incomes are 8x and 5x respectively. Expenditure of one brother = 8 - 2,400 Expenditure of second brother = 5x - 2,000 Ratio of their expenditures Bx 2,400 _ 5 6x 2,000 3 = 8(8x - 2,400) = 5(6x ~ 2,000) = Ax ~ 7,200 = 25x = 10,000 = ‘24x — 26x = - 10,000 + 7,200 =x=-2,800 ie, x= 2,800 . Hence, the income of one brother= 8 x 2,800 =< 22,400 and’ the income of other brother= 5 x 2,800 = 14,000 Scanned with CamScannerRATIO EXERCISE A tho ratio of 5 : 6. 1f6 i ‘ sat fn tho rt bi nulded to both the figures, the new ratio bonnes nd rewo numbers is 2: nnd thetr sum is a5, 34a aaa ea Find the numbers. (Ans. 34 and 51} ‘the total popul . aa : 7 wa if the ratio between the literate and the illiterate of oe pitants of the +6. The numbers of illiterate exceeds the number of literates 500. tAns. 21,000) 1 age of two brothors aro in the ratio of 8 : 4. Five years back their ages were in the pee “Pind hele present ages 30 years and 40 years elder than Rajesh by 6 years, After 6 years their ages would be in the ratio of 5 : 4. Meir present ARS. (Ans, 20 years, 15 years] : 5 ape 1 ‘ ero numbers in the ratio of 57 to 6, such that when each is diminished by 12,, they shall 2 in the ratio of 33 to 3. ‘Ans. 40, 35] ‘ is thri f his gon. 6 years back his age was four times than nt father pat will ete mt ofthe tages after 6 years? (Raipur, 2010 (Ans. 5: a ofthe 0m. ries of two persons are in the ratio 3:5. Ifeach receives an increase of 20 roothly Salty, the ratio is altered to 18: 21. Find thei salaries. (Ans. F 40-5 00 : — Yt ana B are in the ratio of 7:5. Their expense ae in the ati 28 es of A ant iture by Z 100 and decrease of B's expenditure = 2 m0 aks seis ; 8 oath ‘Find their incomes. Scanned with CamScanner ]