 Biology - Canizales - 1(A) … Quizzes Lab: Albinism

Lab: Albinism
Due Mar 8 at 3pm Points 30 Ques!ons 17
Available a"er Mar 7 at 12am Time Limit None Allowed A"empts 3

Instruc!ons
HS.L3U1.25:

I can evaluate how mistakes during DNA replica!on can cause muta!ons.
I can explain the impacts of DNA muta!ons such as gene!c varia!on, adapta!ons, and gene!c
disorders.

Direc!ons: In this ac!vity, you will learn about transcrip!on and transla!on, the process
that makes proteins! As you work through this assignment, you will also explore the
different muta!ons that can occur that result in albinism.

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LATEST A#empt 1 67 minutes 17.73 out of 30 *

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Submi#ed Mar 7 at 9:39pm
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Ques!on 1 1 / 1 pts

Transcrip!on is the process by which DNA is "read" by

messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA obtains the message from DNA
for making proteins and carries the message to the ribosomes to
make proteins. In transcrip!on, mRNA copies the message in its
own unique language.

Normally when DNA is copied by DNA, the base adenine (A)

pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G); A-T
and C-G.

In RNA, there is no thymine, instead there is uracil (U)! In RNA,

the base pairs are as follows A-U and C-G.

When DNA is transcribed, A in DNA will transcribe into U in

RNA, but T in DNA will transcribe to A in RNA. C and G will
transcribe with each other.

See the example below: (keep this handy!)

DNA A T C G
mRNA U A G C

Check for understanding!

Transcribe the following: (do not include spaces!! Not case

sensi!ve)

DNA CAT
mRNA ???

GUA

Ques!on 2 1 / 1 pts

A"er the DNA has been transcribed (the message read and
copied) by mRNA, the message is then carried to the ribosomes
to be translated. Transla!on is the process by which proteins are
made following the message that was obtained by mRNA.
(Remember that the mRNA acts as a messenger for the DNA?) In
transla!on, ribosomes obtain the message from mRNA and
literally "translate" the message. If mRNA says "UAU", then that
message translates to the amino acid "tyrosine (tyr)".

The mRNA base pairs are read in codons, by groups of 3. If

mRNA has "UAUCGG", then the codons are read as "UAU-CGG".
This mRNA will result in the amino acids "tyr-arg". Amino acid
"tyr" for codon "uau" and "arg" for codon "cgg".

Many amino acids will eventually be put together to make a

protein that will result in your phenotype (physical appearance)!

Since we are not tRNA, we will use an amino acid diagram (see
below) to help us translate the mRNA.

DNA TAT ACG

AUA

mRNA (first base

pair is "A", UGC
(transcrip!on)
second is "U",
third is "A")

amino acid
ile cys
(transla!on)

Check for understanding!

Translate the following

DNA CAT
mRNA GUA
amino acid ???

val

Ques!on 3 1 / 1 pts

Muta!ons occur frequently during the replica!on or

transcrip!on of DNA. Some muta!ons can lead to different
proteins to be created because the "message" has been messed
up, coding for another amino acid. Such muta!ons that can mess
up a message are inser!ons and dele!ons. These type of
muta!ons create a shi" in the reading frame (frameshi"
muta!on), thus the original codon will be shi!ed crea!ng a
different codon, thus a new message.

mRNA codons amino acids

original mRNA AUA-UGC-CCA ile-cys-pro

AUA-AUG-
inser!on CCC-A (inserted ile-met-pro
A)

AUA-GCC-CA
dele!on ile-ala
(deleted U)

Check for understanding!

What kind of frameshi" muta!on occurred below?

original UUUAGCUAU
muta!on UUAGCUAU

dele!on

nice! the 3rd "U" was deleted

inser!on

Ques!on 4 1 / 1 pts

Another type of muta!on that can occur is a subs!tu!on. Some

subs!tu!ons will result in a different amino acid, and some
subs!tu!ons will remain coding for the same amino acid as the
regular. If the subs!tu!on does not change the amino acid, then
the muta!on is considered "silent".

mRNA amino
sequence acids
ile-
original AUAUGCCCA cys- original
pro
different
met-
muta!on codon,
AUGUGCCCA cys-
1 different
pro
amino acid
silent
muta!on/no
ile- change in
muta!on
AUUUGCCCA cys- amino
2
pro acid/same
amino acids
as original

Check for understanding!

Which muta!on has a more drama!c effect on a protein?

inser!on/dele!ons because they shi" reading frames, rearranging whole

codons

subs!tu!ons because they affect a small point of a codon

Ques!on 5 2 / 2 pts

Individual 1 has a muta!on in the TYR (OCA1) gene.

The following original DNA strand is for gene TYR (OCA1):

TACGAGGACCGACAAAACATGACGGACGACACCTCAAAGGTCTGGAGGCGACC

Transcribe and translate the following original DNA. The first

codon has been done for you.

original
TAC GAG GAC
DNA
CUC CUG
mRNA AUG

amino leu leu

met
acids

**no spaces!! spelling counts! le#ers only!! For amino acids, you
can write the 3 le#er word (i.e. "met" for methionine) or the
en!re word (i.e. "methionine")

Answer 1:

cuc

Answer 2:

cug

Answer 3:

leu

Answer 4:

leu

Incorrect Ques!on 6 0 / 3 pts

The following is for gene TYR (OCA1):

original DNA: ACGGACGACACC

mutated DNA: ACGACGACACC

Transcribe and translate the mutated DNA.

mutated ACG ACG CAC

mRNA
amino thr thr his
acid

**no spaces!! spelling counts! le#ers only!! For amino acids, you
can write the 3 le#er word (i.e. "val" for valine) or the en!re
word (i.e. "valine")

22-23 - Mountain Ridge High…

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Help Answer 1:

ACG

Answer 2:

ACG

Answer 3:

CAC

Answer 4:

thr

Answer 5:

thr

Answer 6:

his

Ques!on 7 1 / 1 pts

What kind of muta!on occurred in individual 1's OCA1? Select 2

answers

original DNA: ACGGACGACACC

mutated DNA: ACGACGACACC

inser!on

dele!on

silent

frameshi"

subs!tu!on

Ques!on 8 1 / 1 pts

What kind of muta!on occurred here?

original DNA: GTAAAG

mutated DNA: GTTAAG

dele!on

inser!on

subs!tu!on

Ques!on 9 1 / 1 pts

Study the 2 DNA strands below:

original DNA GAGGAC

mRNA CUCCUG
amino acid leu-leu

mutated DNA GAGAAC

mRNA CUCUUG
amino acid leu-leu

What kind of muta!on occurred? select all that apply

frameshi"

neither

dele!on

inser!on

subs!tu!on

silent

Ques!on 10 1 / 1 pts

Study the 2 DNA strands below:

original DNA GAGGAC

mRNA CUCCUG
amino acid leu-leu

mutated DNA GAGAAC

mRNA CUCUUG
amino acid leu-leu

Which codon in the original DNA was affected?

GAC

GGA

GAGGAC

AGG

GAG

Ques!on 11 1 / 1 pts

Study the 2 DNA strands below for the TYRP-1 (OCA3) gene:

original DNA CTGAATTC

mRNA GACUUAAG

mutated DNA CTGTAATTC

mRNA GACAUUAAG

What kind of muta!on did individual 3 have? select all that

apply