Name: Zainab Bibi

Roll #: 077
Deppt: Business Administration
Section: BBA-VI-(B)
Subject: Business and Corporate Law
Assignment #: 01
Submitted to: Mr. Saqib Jaleel
Question no 1:
What is the process of Legislation in Pakistan?
Legislation:
The word “legislation” means “making laws”.
Legislation is defined as set of laws that are set by the government. It is so called legislation
because they contain categories of rules that are approved and enforced by the government.

Law
Law can be a custom, order, ordinance rules or regulation.

Legislative in Pakistan
Legislation in Pakistan is made by the Supreme body Parliament
Parliament consists of:
o National -Assembly (lower house
o Senate (Upper house)
o President
 Parliament gives right to autonomous authority to make law like in Pakistan PEMRA,
CDA, NEPRA are autonomous authorities which makes laws.
 The law which is made by president is specifically called ordinance.

PROCESS:
 When there is need to make law its Legislative proposal in the form of bill is
presented in Parliament. Bill can be introduced by Parliament members or
government
 When bill introduces in Parliament lower hoses if it passes and then it sent to
upper house and then it sends to president if president get ascend on it gets
become act. If the bill passes in Parliament, it gets implemented it becomes law.
Bill can be of four types
These include:
1. Government / Official bill:
Minister introduces bill and from simple majority it became act.
2. Private bill:
Member of Parliament introduce it and from simple majority it became act
3. Constitutional Amending bill:
From 2/3 majority it became act.
4. Financial bill:
 Deal with expenditure and revenues. It is first presents to lower house if it approved sent
to upper house and this procedure is carried out in 7 days.

Following is the legislative Procedure which makes bill an act:

i. Introducing a Bill:
Firstly 3 copies of bill are present in front of lower house secretary.
ii. Order of the day:
iii. Government bill can be introduced at any time but no that day when private member bill
is going to introduce.
iv. Repugnant to Islam:
If the bill presented is against Islam, it is sent towards Council of Islamic Ideology for
advice and consultant either it is violating or not.
v. First Reading:
Main points of the bill i.e.; headings are discussed
vi. Motion of Consideration by member in charge:
In this step bill is organized in the form of document then pass it forward
vii. Reference Committee:
In this step bill is sent to suitable committee according to type of bill
i.e.; financial bill to financial committee.
viii. Recommendation of Committee:
In this step committee look forward that amendments and provision should be made or
not or either it need to review again.
ix. 2ndReading- Amendments:
In this step each of word is read and discussed then speaker decide it the need any
amendments.
x. 3rd Reading- Debate:
Now after the 2nd reading in this step debate on bill happen either to accept the bill or
reject it.
xi. Voting:
First lower house voting is conducted if it gets accepted sent to upper house if reject by
voting then will be cancelled.
xii. Transmission to other Houses:
The bill which is passed by the lower house sent to upper house all the previous 1o steps
procedure implements on it, if it gets pass will sent to president or if get reject then there
will be Joint Session on the bill in which decision would be made either to pass the bill or
not.
xiii. President Assent:
Now the bill which passes from the both houses will be sent to president, President have
10 days to approve or sent it for amendment or recommendations, if it sends for
amendments the above same procedure will be implemented again and then sent to
 president. Otherwise, if it doesn’t take any action at the eleven-day bill would be made an
act. Mostly president don’t resend it and approve it so it became an act
xiv. Publication in the final Gazette:
In this step the act is published legally by the government for public awareness to make it
law government enforces public to obey it

Question no 2:
Write 10 fundamental human right.
Followings are the 10 fundamental humans right
i. Right of life and liberty
ii. Right of health and well being
iii. The right to work and education
iv. Freedom from slavery and torture.
v. Freedom of opinion and expression
vi. Right to have equality before law
vii. Right to have private property
viii. Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
ix. Marriage equality and protection of family
x. Domestic and international freedom of movements.