01 Signal Processing Introduction

Measurement
&
Signal Processing
Chapter 1. Introduction
21‐Feb‐23
1 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

Learning Objectives
1. To know what signal is.
2. To know what signal processing is and why signal processing is important.
3. To know some applications of signal processing.
4. To know various relations between experiments and signal processing.
5. To learn fundamental analysis skills for signal processing.

Learning Objectives
 Humans are born with highly sophisticated data acquisition
system (DAQ) and computing systems ready to experience the
world around them.
 How many DAQ systems do you have?
 What is the main computing system for human beings?

Learning Objectives
 Five Senses
 Vision(視覺)
 Hearing(聽覺)
 Smell(嗅覺) Human’s DAQs
 Gustation(味覺)
 Tactile Sense(觸覺)
 The sixth sense(第六感) : Extra Sensory Perception(ESP)
Ghost
第六感生死戀

Learning Objectives
A What is signal?
B What is signal processing?
C Why it is important?

What is signal processing & Why it is important
 In electronics, a signal is an electric current or electromagnetic
field used to convey data from one place to another.
 http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/signal
Time

 In electronics, a signal is an electric current or electromagnetic
field used to convey data from one place to another.
 http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/signal

 A signal as referred to in communication systems, signal
processing, and electrical engineering is a function that
conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some
phenomenon.
 Roland Priemer (1991). Introductory Signal Processing
Transimitter
Receiver

 In stock field, 'Buy Signal‘ is an event or condition that informs
investors to purchase a particular investment.
Sell Signal
downtrend
uptrend
What are the main

factors that affect the
Buy Signal trend of the stock?
 In computer vision, a signal is able to deliver meaningful or
useful information that hidden in an image.
 Human emotion, which is often expressed by face expression, could be
recognized using computer vision.
 For example, given a face image, the signal is able to show us the mood
of the person in the image.
Ref : D. Duncan, G. Shine and C. English, "facial emotion recognition in real time," 2016.
 In biomedical fields, signals such as heart rate, blood pressure,
oxygen saturation levels, blood glucose(葡萄糖), nerve
conduction, brain activity and so forth, are constantly
generated by our bodies.
 Ex. Big data analytics for Health care monitoring system
heart rate
Health Status
blood pressure Evaluation
Mathematical
Statistics Model
oxygen
blood glucose

 In control field, we usually consider input/output signals for
system modeling and feedback control.
Analog Digital(usually)

 Here is a practical servo control system configuration
Digital Twin Online Monitoring position velocity
 From the control point of view, the servo‐drive motor control
system can be represented as follows
R L

 TL

Mechanical
Electrical Dynamics vs K e
Dynamics
 Bm

13 by Prof. Chao-Chung Peng
 In advanced motion control field, a signal may contain physical
behavior of a flexible structure.
 By analyzing the vibration signal, an advanced anti‐vibration
control algorithm can be realized.

Image Planning
Processing & Control

Helmet + Gimbal
IMU Fusion
AI Detection

 Vision Based Master & Slave Following Control
Image Perception
Image Recognition
Decision Making
Control Execution
Dynamic
2D-Plane Leader-Follower Control
Equations of Motions
 Autonomous Car Level‐2 Control : lane detection and following

 In sensing & perception field, a signal is able to detect the
object (or human) motions.
Sensor Fusion
Kalman Filter
Roll‐Pitch‐Yaw
Complementary Filter
GPS
Barometer
3‐axis Gyro Sonar Detector
3‐axis Accelerometer
3‐axis Magnetometer

 In the UAVs application field, a
signal is able to provide flight
information of the machine and
can be used for controller design.
 Example: UAV flight control.
3-axis Mag.
3-axis Gyro
3-axis Acc.

 When the function depends on two or more variables, the
signal is said to be multidimensional.
 Daily pressure, temperature, humidity ,annual rainfall at a place and
a speech signal are all examples of a one dimensional signal.
 An image contains two dimensional signals including vertical and
horizontal coordinates
 Our physical world is four dimensional(three spatial and one
temporal). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension

 From acoustics engineering application point of view
 To generate signals, we need a data generator.
 To get signals, we need a data acquisition system.
DAQ Computer
Analog to Digital (ADC)
Signal generator
Analog & Digital Signal Modulation Digital to Analog (DAC)
DAQ
 By processing, we mean manipulating in certain way on a
signal to extract some useful information.

 Here is an example for the defect detection of a solenoid valve
using vibration signals:
System without Defect System with Defect
What does these signals tell you?

Learning Objectives
 How can I learn signal processing without these real
experimental data? How can I visualize it?

How to generate/visualize signal?
 For example, in electronics, a analog‐to‐digital
converter (ADC) is a device that converts a (continuous) analog
signal into an (discrete) digital signal.
Continuous Signal Discrete Signal

 An digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC) performs a reverse
function.
Discrete Signal Continuous Signal (signal holding)

 So, if we “closed” the ADC & DAC to be a loop, the procedure
will be (i.e., just generate what you read)
1 CS 2 DS
ADC
3 DS 4 CS
DAC

How to generate signals using MATLAB?
 Try this MATLAB Program
 Signal generation using different time resolutions to simulate
the ADC property.
close all close all close all
%%... used to simulate continuous signal %%... used to simulate discrete signal %%... used to simulate continuous signal
t= 0:0.01:2; t= 0:0.1:2; t= 0:0.001:2;
y=sin(2*pi*t); y=sin(2*pi*t); y=sin(2*pi*t);
figure
plot(t,y) figure figure
xlabel('Time(s)') stem(t,y,'r') plot(t,y)
ylabel('Analog Signal') xlabel('Time(s)') hold
ylabel('Digital Signal') %%... used to simulate discrete signal
figure t= 0:0.1:2;
plot(t,y) figure y=sin(2*pi*t);
hold stem(t,y,'r') plot(t,y,'ro')
%%... used to simulate sampled signal hold stairs(t,y,'b‐‐')
t= 0:0.1:2; stairs(t,y) xlabel('Time(s)')
y=sin(2*pi*t); xlabel('Time(s)') ylabel('Final Analog Output Signal')
stem(t,y,'r') ylabel('Analog Signal')
xlabel('Time(s)')
ylabel('Signal')

Application fields of signal processing
 Audio signal processing – for electrical signals representing sound, such as speech or music
 Speech signal processing – for processing and interpreting spoken words
 Image processing – in digital cameras, computers and various imaging systems
 Video processing – for interpreting moving pictures
 Wireless communication ‐ waveform generations, demodulation, filtering, equalization
 Control systems
 Array processing – for processing signals from arrays of sensors
 Seismology(地震學)
 Financial signal processing – analyzing financial data using signal processing techniques,
especially for prediction purposes.
 Feature extraction, such as image understanding and speech recognition.
 Quality improvement, such as noise reduction, image enhancement, and echo cancellation.
 (Source coding), including audio compression, image compression, and video compression.
Just go for WIKI!!

Internet of Things(IOT)
 Other applications…

Signal Analysis for Machining Learning
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zZe27JYi8Y

Signal Analysis for Autonomous Driving Car

Signal Analysis for Autonomous Driving Car
GPS module(reference)
VLP-16 +NUC

Signal Analysis for Autonomous UAV Localization

Signal processing makes everything possible!
Conclusion
 https://signalprocessingsociety.org/publications‐resources/blog/3‐reasons‐
why‐signal‐processing‐career‐future
Homework : Today’s First Homework!
 Please illustrate at least three examples that how signal
processing can be applied in your daily life.

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Measurement

1 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

2. To know what signal processing is and why signal processing is important.

2 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

3 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

4 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

B What is signal processing?

5 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

6 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

7 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

8 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

What are the main

11 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

12 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

Digital Twin Online Monitoring position velocity

14 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

15 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

16 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

18 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

19 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

20 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

21 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

Analog & Digital Signal Modulation Digital to Analog (DAC)

23 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

System without Defect System with Defect

What does these signals tell you?

25 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

Continuous Signal Discrete Signal

26 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

Discrete Signal Continuous Signal (signal holding)

27 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

28 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

29 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

Just go for WIKI!!

30 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

31 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

32 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

33 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

34 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

35 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

37 Dr. C. C. Peng (ccpeng@mail.ncku.edu.tw)

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