B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire

1. Initiating Condition: Engine failure after V1 and prior to V2

Threshold for alert Confusion Other Issues When alert is
How alert or cue is
Type Alert or cue or cue to be regarding with regard to inhibited/suppressed or
terminated
presented alert or cue alert or cue when cue is masked

ENG FAIL alert is

"ENG FAIL" on respective EGT indicator
N2 rpm less than removed when the
(forward panel upper display unit) or PFD
50% failed engine recovers
as installed
or has been secured
Blinking of amber alert
Low Oil Pressure light on forward panel
boxes is inhibited during
(may precede the ENG FAIL alert, be Loss of oil
takeoff from 80 knots to
simultaneous with it, or be seconds after pressure
400 RA. Alert still
it depending on cause of engine failure)
illuminates amber, though
Driven by
hydraulic and/or
Master caution light
source off
annunciations
Visual
Low oil pressure pointer turns amber/red
Alerts
and enters amber/red band (PFD/ND Loss of oil
installations, on lower DU, others on pressure
upper DU)
Alert terminated
Hydraulic annunciator with master Loss of engine
when/if fire switch is
caution (usually alerts seconds after ENG driven pump
pulled (disarms engine
FAIL as adequate hydraulic pressure is output pressure
driven hydraulic pump
maintained for a while by a wind milling due to reduced
low pressure
engine) N2 rpm
indication)
SOURCE OFF light and IDG DRIVE light on Engine driven
SOURCE OFF alert
overhead panel with ELEC annunciator generator (IDG)
terminated when
light with Master Caution (presented drops off line due
respective bus is
after but may be almost simultaneous to reduced N2
covered by APU
with ENG FAIL alert) rpm
Aural
None
Alerts

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
1. Initiating Condition: Engine failure after V1 and prior to V2 – Cont.
Threshold for Confusion Other Issues When alert is inhibited/
How alert or cue is
Type Alert or cue alert or cue to regarding alert or with regard to suppressed or when cue
terminated
be presented cue alert or cue is masked

Tactile
None
Alerts
Abnormal EGT, N1, N2, oil
temperature, and/or oil pressure
Visual Cues
gauge indications
Nose yawing off runway
centerline
These sounds may
Sounds of engine malfunction be similar to those
Aural Cues
may occur from engine surge
and tire failure
Lateral g
Tactile/
Rudder pressure required to stay
Somatic
on runway
Cues
Reduced longitudinal acceleration

Expected Pilot Response(s)

• Control the aircraft.
• Execute single engine takeoff/climb profile.
• Identify and execute appropriate non-normal checklist.

Possible sources of confusion with regard to pilot response(s)

• Stress, time pressure, startle.
• Confusion among engine surge, engine failure, tire blowout.
• Partial engine failure may present difficult diagnosis and decision as to whether to shut down.

Issues with regard to multiple concurrent non-normal conditions

• Engine failure presents concurrent electrical, hydraulic, and/or fuel system alerts, cues that may require additional action.
• Uncontained engine failure may present additional multiple alerts and failures.

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
2. Initiating Condition: Engine failure in cruise flight with autopilot engaged
Other Issues When alert is
Threshold for alert
Confusion regarding alert with regard inhibited/ How alert or cue is
Type Alert or cue or cue to be
or cue to alert or suppressed or when terminated
presented
cue cue is masked

"ENG FAIL" on respective ENG FAIL alert is removed

N2 rpm less than
EGT indicator (forward when the failed engine
50%
panel upper display unit) has been secured
Low Oil Pressure light on
forward panel, amber and
also three associated
boxes blink for first 10
seconds (may precede the Loss of oil pressure
ENG FAIL alert, be
simultaneous with it, or be
seconds after it depending
on cause of engine failure)
Visual Alerts Low oil pressure pointer
turns amber/red and
enters amber/red band
Loss of oil pressure
(PFD/ND installations, on
lower DU, others on upper
DU)
Hydraulic annunciator Alerts from secondary
with Hyd master caution system failures (hydraulic,
Loss of engine Alert terminated when/if
(usually alerts seconds electrical) may confuse
driven pump fire switch is pulled
after ENG FAIL as pilots about the nature of
output pressure (disarms engine driven
adequate hydraulic the event; e.g., they may
due to reduced N2 hydraulic pump low
pressure is maintained for be distracted by these
rpm pressure indication)
a while by a wind milling cues and not realize the
engine) engine has failed

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
2. Initiating Condition: Engine failure in cruise flight with autopilot engaged – Cont.
Other When alert is
Threshold for
Issues with inhibited/ How alert or cue is
Type Alert or cue alert or cue to Confusion regarding alert or cue
regard to suppressed or terminated
be presented
alert or cue when cue is masked

SOURCE OFF light and IDG Alerts from secondary system

Engine driven
DRIVE light on overhead failures (hydraulic, electrical) may Source Off alert
generator (IDG)
Visual Alerts panel with ELEC annunciator confuse pilots about the nature of terminated when
drops off line
light (presented after but may the event; e.g., they may be respective bus is
due to reduced
be almost simultaneous with distracted by these cues and not covered by APU
N2 rpm
ENG FAIL alert) realize the engine has failed
Aural Alerts None
Tactile Alerts None
Abnormal EGT, N1, N2, oil
Visual Cues temperature, and/or oil
pressure gauge indications
These sounds may be similar to
Sounds of engine malfunction
Aural Cues those from engine surge and tire
may occur
failure
Control wheel
displacement cues
Tactile/ Wheel may move opposite are
Somatic Cues the roll if autopilot is engaged reduced/eliminated
after trimming the
rudder

Expected Pilot Response(s)

• Control the aircraft.
• Identify and execute appropriate non-normal checklist.
• Perform single engine approach and landing.

Possible sources of confusion with regard to pilot response(s)

• Stress, time pressure, startle.
• Partial engine failure may present difficult diagnosis and decision as to whether to shut down.

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
2. Initiating Condition: Engine failure in cruise flight with autopilot engaged – Cont.

Issues with regard to multiple concurrent non-normal conditions

• Engine failure presents concurrent electrical, hydraulic, and/or fuel system alerts, cues that may require additional action.
• Uncontained engine failure may present additional multiple alerts and failures.

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
3. Initiating Condition: Engine fire after V1 and prior to V2
Other Issues When alert is How alert or
Threshold for alert or cue Confusion regarding
Type Alert or cue with regard to inhibited/suppressed or cue is
to be presented alert or cue
alert or cue when cue is masked terminated

Confusion between fire

Master fire warning light (red, Temperature sensed by
with and without
forward panel) engine fire loop
engine failure
Master caution light (amber, Temperature sensed by
forward panel) engine fire loop
Visual Alerts OVHT/DET annunciator light Temperature sensed by
amber, forward panel) engine fire loop
Fire switch light (red, center Temperature sensed by
console) engine fire loop
Engine overheat light (amber, Temperature sensed by
center console) engine fire loop
Temperature sensed by
Aural Alerts Fire bell
engine fire loop
Tactile Alerts None unless engine also fails

Visual Cues None unless engine also fails

Aural Cues None

Tactile/
None unless engine also fails
Somatic Cues

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
3. Initiating Condition: Engine fire after V1 and prior to V2 – Cont.

Expected Pilot Response(s)

• Control the aircraft.
• Execute V1 engine failure/fire flight profile.
• Execute engine fire procedure (begin procedure above 400 feet or immediately upon reaching single engine acceleration altitude, this is earlier than
for engine failure procedure).
• Perform single engine approach/landing procedures.

Possible sources of confusion with regard to pilot response(s)

• False fire warning cannot readily be distinguished from valid fire warning (see condition 4 below).

How does pilot know condition is resolved/recovered?

• Fire warning indication that fire is extinguished.

Issues with regard to multiple concurrent non-normal conditions

• Engine fire will devolve to an engine failure, either as a direct result of and simultaneous with the fire onset or as part of the engine fire procedure.
• Engine fire presents concurrent electrical, hydraulic, and/or fuel system alerts, cues that may require additional action.
• Engine fire may present cascading emergency (e.g., hydraulic failures, smoke in cabin, etc.).
• Uncontrollable fire may present additional, cascading conditions (e.g., structural failure, fuel loss, need to expedite landing, or even land off-airport).

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
4. Initiating Condition: False fire warning from engine bleed leak, during takeoff after V1 and before V2
Other Issues When alert is How alert or
Threshold for alert or cue
Type Alert or cue Confusion regarding alert or cue with regard to inhibited/suppressed or cue is
to be presented
alert or cue when cue is masked terminated

False fire Burn through of fire

Warning is false, there is no fire. Lower
warning can detection can suppress
Master fire There are no salient cues to the temperature
Temperature sensed by lead to valid warnings, leading
warning light (red, fact that there is no fire; absence sensed by
engine fire loop unneeded to false indication that
forward panel) of engine failure is not, in itself, engine fire
RTO, engine fire has been
diagnostic of a false fire warning. loop
shutdown, etc. extinguished
False fire Burn through of fire
Warning is false, there is no fire. Lower
warning can detection can suppress
Master caution There are no salient cues to the temperature
Temperature sensed by lead to valid warnings, leading
light (amber, fact that there is no fire; absence sensed by
engine fire loop unneeded to false indication that
forward panel) of engine failure is not, in itself, engine fire
RTO, engine fire has been
diagnostic of a false fire warning. loop
shutdown, etc. extinguished
False fire Burn through of fire
Warning is false, there is no fire. Lower
OVHT/DET warning can detection can suppress
There are no salient cues to the temperature
Visual Alerts annunciator light Temperature sensed by lead to valid warnings, leading
fact that there is no fire; absence sensed by
amber, forward engine fire loop unneeded to false indication that
of engine failure is not, in itself, engine fire
panel) RTO, engine fire has been
diagnostic of a false fire warning. loop
shutdown, etc. extinguished
False fire Burn through of fire
Warning is false, there is no fire. Lower
warning can detection can suppress
Fire switch light There are no salient cues to the temperature
Temperature sensed by lead to valid warnings, leading
(red, center fact that there is no fire; absence sensed by
engine fire loop unneeded to false indication that
console) of engine failure is not, in itself, engine fire
RTO, engine fire has been
diagnostic of a false fire warning. loop
shutdown, etc. extinguished
False fire Burn through of fire
Warning is false, there is no fire. Lower
warning can detection can suppress
Engine overheat There are no salient cues to the temperature
Temperature sensed by lead to valid warnings, leading
light (amber, fact that there is no fire; absence sensed by
engine fire loop unneeded to false indication that
center console) of engine failure is not, in itself, engine fire
RTO, engine fire has been
diagnostic of a false fire warning. loop
shutdown, etc. extinguished

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B737NG Alerting Issues – Single engine failure/fire
4. Initiating Condition: False fire warning from engine bleed leak, during takeoff after V1 and before V2 – Cont.
Other Issues When alert is How alert or
Threshold for alert or cue
Type Alert or cue Confusion regarding alert or cue with regard to inhibited/suppressed or cue is
to be presented
alert or cue when cue is masked terminated

False fire Burn through of fire

Warning is false, there is no fire.
warning can detection can suppress Bell canceled
There are no salient cues to the
Temperature sensed by lead to valid warnings, leading by the pilots
Aural Alerts Fire bell fact that there is no fire; absence
engine fire loop unneeded to false indication that as part of
of engine failure is not, in itself,
RTO, engine fire has been procedure
diagnostic of a false fire warning.
shutdown, etc. extinguished
Tactile Alerts None
Visual Cues None
Aural Cues None
Tactile/
None
Somatic Cues

Expected Pilot Response(s)

• Control the aircraft.
• Execute V1 engine failure/fire flight profile.
• Execute engine fire procedure (begin procedure above 400 feet or immediately upon reaching single engine acceleration altitude, this is earlier than for
engine failure procedure).
• Perform single engine approach/landing procedures.
• If fire cannot be extinguished, expedite landing.

Possible sources of confusion with regard to pilot response(s)

• False fire warning cannot readily be distinguished from valid fire warning.

Issues with regard to multiple concurrent non-normal conditions

• False indication of engine fire will likely devolve to an engine failure as part of the engine fire procedure.
• If false indication of fire continues after engine fire NNPs are performed, pilot concerns about inextinguishable fire may prompt risky alternative actions
(e.g., rushing, off-airport landing, etc.).

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