OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 4 NO. BD, PAGES 191-15, FEBRUARY 10.1869 Decomposition of Magnetotelluric Impedance Tensors in the Presence of Local Three-Dimensional Galvanic Distortion Ross W. GROOM AND RICHARD C. BARLEY? Deparment of Pian, Onvri of Pra sfc oo ets Sn (Seng) sata mons ng fe iden ef ace se fr hich pein ecient (9.0) cent wae Prom tnagh einiat apelancettmr canbe anoa thar tender (8) ‘ivr, Conenigal procedure forcing the peda ta oem mining he heh une nea the Sag soni dot in roma rere nap ce nde Segeeal 1D 2D nducton ele ih ne Bey dept leat he {ibe ceri emer the pnp aul machen al ecptir sn aioe Inznopverion Interpretation of experimental mageetatelsc seule i cst fn tone cue wht the surveyed setae I oe imensional (23) ot 2 Rewer eperently tr ‘mind agastotali impedance tan Uhetden =D impedance eso, Tat tthe conedinte ser such that be dagoal lente the tensor ate both eae aero. Tie may ost tha (1) Bo ie of dla rere in tbe case of 1D or 2D incon, (@) ectae of ED induction, or @) haeaun of LD ox 2 Induction coupled withthe feof galvanic (gery {independent tluic ston on bse enon cov. ‘cied with Ue ee of eiaing inductive respons fx ED strscteres andthe cic of doing the sin for -D ‘trutuey thas been casomary to aunt st of the ‘Shore poles ln presenting data and to rotate the co dinate anes so ato make the mead tea av oe 1 pone foam ideal 2D tenor (one with tte diagonal fleents) in some sense (usa leat ez seae [0 ‘Sean, 987. Tmpzovement in data quay in zocent years hve made ‘ie obrogr thatthe Hird Pel (XD or 2 Indocton eupled with D aie dtrtia) le inportaat im pac Ser "The meiared impedance tener, ech dstaron Drvnt, net not be coe tra te'2D impedance ter for and rotation of decomposition mates Bed otis ‘Now a Gna Survey of Cada, Ottn, Ona pinta x Deprinent af ony, Univer ot Te Coprih 1860 the Asian Geophy el Uno, (746 91 /65yo8J8-9eH6505.00 sumption maken ene tia ferotie decomposition methods bae ben prope fe ‘Egger 183, Spite 100; LaTorcn ta 288, Yee ood ‘Pods 1907] which do ok sae ay singing com ‘ine about the hyseal mode and tae ot ny parame tect to repress the teas aa there are data ght ted parameter conta to th Sve kept by slaice to on [ealsed 2D tensor) In the eae of iedtction in a6 ot {wedinesion coupled with 2D tavane seta thet these gene decompestons may aot be pti! sac they flo take advantage a he sips te wdeing Recent work by Bahr 84] ha indicated ean di foctiog or arent channeling dw aot dtr most fhe Information eten bout an undying ince pr er sm "Thaefore the pyc apprach mete to the alton problem i te make tke epee eaxumptcn tise measured impedance eso i proQueed by ae a asic dation, by abitrary 2D erate of he snc (rents Induced onthe fare ale nv eponly 1D 120 strecare. Even whos fhe nodal abt tv fol = fuencis ofthe date bt tay al be tae over lied lrequney ranges nce the defsion of» "regjona™ mle fa be diferent for diferent eguesy range We pte ‘compesion appropiate toa pastiche! nod tie, altorgh tot the mort gnarl mail, br coma (ably wider appcaion than the sslly two-nenosl ‘Rodel which implicitly wade he Swit composes Ta sammary, the parpoe of ont decompontion te ape Intec ond ron parmeer ar mucha pole et the aourption that the segs stacace at mane 2D fn the local stractare causes only gave sing of {he cei Fels, and todo wo in the form of pedo, factoaton‘Tw Distorniow Mopet om review, (a more data, the Keane pipin roll which teduie the dacmpasiin, Acne i he sets bar's 2D veloalconduciy sacar and hat ‘ny sperinpwed =D nce a adactvely ema he pineal nae of the 2.Dstactur, the repel a " ()e Where and b age the npedance elements fr the sein Sllysveraged LD stactare The mesure fede aad hat {ny point may be perturbed by le vations fm ther feplonalvlun, The ec Slé can be ey mony perturbed by loa barges hat certo ondary {adiente or houndaie: The ageic fall ttt pre {bed ealy as tongly, ate determine by 4 weighed spatial average ofthe ea curves deny Tw we ake Ue simplipngsmumptio that h= hs Fora recom ‘lt dacuion of thir ulin ad he stare and age laderf the crore inave, see Dis ond Behe [1979], Wonnamater et alt) and Groom 1965). On tie fer bande must be ltd oy by tortion tne {Chih nthe abence of galvanic dations reduces fo secue(SS)e Inductively weak al the sements sf Grcanbr moved ea ‘Thus fone vel parameter ae ele to cepeesent Alston. This pyseal mod conesponde ofan ‘oda It Brrdehvety and Dt for 2D oe flee inkomegesty, in wich eden ter station “ HO RP (5 #) ® Tie canine of rly of rch nly wee (pc eerie el a Wo'ation ce Boley tnd Dalen ie oe tha are a0 Dee ind Hen Sie He ee od eno ae IMs pote eh Amgen he wnat we etna Aca tke Wentnd Bote oe So, Shah ick he tr she ede ant ihe ex per nee ae nay bec Fe. tows fied eno i nena ls ‘pina “Aodslay exe ager o eta 55 (sa shorn oo sag Ch) ited xe canal ng fecha igh Classi cntcng snk vegen ees orasps (ied) Metres temic ct eatery ‘erjondtluleeeene neat ocncl eg cr fet Riecgniolbesvang alesis, Sil nc npr end pope te oe ea Ein deans ey a Pig A cote example denn. Senet dete wr) (3 &) “(Si Sh) (Sh a) @ ‘The matric pve the nial tet, Q and ie tan ye QF rotate to the pincpal iar of the satpy a8 Irpote the notropy cased bythe lngaton ted coe Asctiity contrat of herman. A an be ee, fone parame ff 2g and 2 te regaled, ‘Although this actrees (6) af Cis inate, i to afl in the representation af eal date Beans won o [ts four parameter can be recovered anly fm 1 eee fed impedance tsar. Ar Dob 08) han shows inthe teey to excl le for the semen of © in rds to ‘cower information shot the dering 2D impedance, Hower since we here ekg an expt deception (purametsiation) ofthe impedance tenon whi the de ‘Euinateand indeterminate pst ae clely tingid, Inv acesny fit ta dacs quantaiely the ext way in which i indeterminate, Bien tha o= Tah © whee Zm is the mensted impedance tensor Inthe [Gonal or penile eytem, we can expat ented [Spedancr tent anng G) and @) In = Cs o or nee mewsermen aoa, aZn = ROD RT oy where C isthe dtorton eso, again expreed in te fegional inductive pinpal ss ejtemy and eis 2 rote {sq mates which tater victor hough a age tothe ‘Although th ctosztion (6) othe ener impedance wa=(q s ee cws whet wy and oy ae abitey scoters mabe. The ew ftezaion Baa RO zy RT ay alin tha is. iy jst wel a (8) since ea nd 25 ll as the deat 2D fou a ti ‘now general farm of noniqenes tat ean be inte ‘Thus though (8) iv phys Baed decempontion of impedance tensor, (1) shows at Sent ye weal ‘As UseFuL Facrommzarion or tux Distommion TENSOR ‘The prevoas secon dicaned the. physical model sed rather geal decmpention ofthe coresponding, impedance teaborIn this ction we wil develop «fae teltaton of the distin tenor C which the tai fo our decompaion ofthe impedance tee. Tor reprcatation of matic I r coovesint at this pln to flow the example of Spt.) and Introd 1 node form of he Pal pa ates a 09 aay ca ow) Ahouh any rak ? tensor ME canbe reread asa sum of the son (19) 08 Maedltodi tastes (an) ‘menue that a ae faction of isa the rede, mT8A oy gio wecdar andthe emo facts T, Sand Ase dened & Tema+ey) Sam (4%) Ae iy(t403) (om ash 8) 1 shouldbe noted tha hin atszation i ot sags. fe dacompeitin (SVD). Pupil narrations ach SLT, 8 aol A willbe dacaed below, The norbalting Tacot are dad fo corveence in tach say shat S and. A individually pene power out sot etry) when applied to an uoepily polo’ tanlom dese meine maine maid Tractioacy at eee Soop ane tye wey 4) simply stetces the to el componente by diferet fs (er, geneatng an anotropy due fo the Sotrions which i iuply added to the asucteopy sendy ety ee reponl induction impedance tensor Zy see veloped tong the same ates Note that ny ant to dag! {eke and ths any aro apetar canbe expen this frm. This distortion tnzttopy In indguchte ‘experimentally om the adectve stony eer init fuintasas when th ateopy of Zy i owe indepen Sen. (Beiheoky and Dmitri [91] etree ‘ave elias thor forthe soto operator by ‘he ection of thr eatteest ato a he syn. ues ofthe inbomogeary.) Fig. shows the fects oA ma fami of unit sector fr ps Rete tat rice Sed ying along either of the pencil uae ae st chenged fn Seca ‘The “ate” tent (hee oo named by anlgy tothe theory of deformation) (ase) oa) ee) semoeenoen(!$) as velop aitatony on as wich tc th ein indve tive principal axes, The fect of Son amy walt we tore own in Fig. 9 fr postive senses Note that te4 @) @) i, 2A fy of wat ctr (4) bread (9) afer the ‘lenel te teing tne hte Sone oye tio smasimar angular changes aca for vector aligned with the peincpal ane. A vector om the © pie the Agee ie alerted ochre by an angle tae, and 8 eet slong the palo counterclockwise bythe sme sage Itt ‘Derefre weal io characteze the ster «by asbut angle masonem(! 3) on lo simply torte the dette el vector though clock Sanden the i wy rtd eit aap 6, = tae nal y peta a veal scaling ofthe ci ls ‘Tiss ancestry beaut“ nd hae been somal: [ned in suc a nay tha thee prodac wil afer om the Aetermised spate om Zp since 2 7 A Zy lok ‘ie am eqaly wld Mee bo-dimesiona peace tex or (ie, bat sco digonal laments). We terete adost ‘he convention of yng only to determine 2, testa Za, hnowig tat the fo fen impedancer we deter inne in Zp wl have bon tparately aed by walaens Sut tegen independent factor A cles adratage of the above factrnton ofthe dinerns tenant © i hat the deermaedinpedence tensor witht dessa the ‘al 2D form of tat tenons Nahe Lersce (073] set Berdcheay end Dmitrew 179) regres ths aborts of foalaniseioy ito the roma aotopy nice they Seed the eponal stctae fo be oneeninal (2-3), fn wiles case Al anlotopy isd tothe loa distortions ‘hd ean bev atebeted. The decomposition peste ee an be sey adapted i he -D xe. the tlre dstoren is aly oquency independent, {he absorption fy A nto. Za wilt change the pica ‘Sternine the correc exept for "wate te” "The Js hot the ease wih the conventional method, ae wil be ‘hstated late "In addon to pilyabotig y A 4 @ (o) i, 34,4 fay fat vege) ble ad (0) ate he hiten ef Gta 87e ober entslato Za, the conventional method ale imply asesba ‘Tand'S ino. Zy aswell the ail doing i om nla 2. tee, ‘Tha the factanation of C wing veal wer of, « sand sects and ania I ot obvon or aurasy For example, the casi egemalaeaigenectr decompo Alon ofa square matix wal aot ld sea ica cad titenvecor unio the sue at evan proper ine lat there eno pin guarantee at the pode ac. leiston propor fn (04) een sete 1.00 a9 io equal to ber “Toe remainder of the vction i devoted to proving that forall esnable datron tensors» anus ode fo Aetzaton (1) existe Ie tbe faction mld et lily then a ere eat) O-alen9 Hood AISTS) eo or the cas of “at” ditions ead # wach es than ity), the fctortaton can euly be done spony. sida dommes ep cn en(% &)a0(2t1 ir). an From this, he actornation parameter cn nl be dened pn 8G $ amy Be ey) pee Bee omy ‘Tis the frm ofthe operat tad by Larsen (3) {this station of wee distor, he segue region ‘ode wee -D one col (ar Larson 75,1977 has te ‘ith somewhat difeendy deboad prsneten) wey sing (alelte it sear asatopy and pony sed FD Impedance, bt not the ate gun Pox more genera iste, the ext qzains (20) mast. be sted. Tt wll be town that tet en ever, ‘90 seuios to thee equations at only one hye ‘mean ‘Recl tcm (20) p (M4900) Gaye ; en9 (GNSS GENTS) here now ines the normalising factor, We eae Movie hae Cie seot the form o-(8 3) (@ 2) or thse pei and physical ate Ascompositon existe Ifthe sel cae ne acu, (20) inp og Tea lot (a) snd HC) #0, es) ‘Toe api cate whee C= 004 G4 = 0 which hve two seltions ar stralghforward ad te tot doensed bv it ‘Y= then there ext ony one sles saree 92 286 ow Aan fy -8 heal sln «= 0 ed wt eS 4G oy However, 7 #8 andy # ~9, then tor (2) ican be siown tate ed tay gute tone CAME Hd —(4—0 (8) = MP -2E =~ M20) hich Nae tains eid: Wns VA oy, WEVA ay, ee ‘We gente the solatos fort with the pattie spate rot se wile ¢ denotes th erate wton, nel wal) See ete “ and he te apation ate awe oust) =e) (ead = 0), Ti feng 10 show shat whan 98 =3, =) and when = 1. Byeep fer thse sie, the ene a fe letins. In oe slate fl» 1 ain the ee, [e1<1. Sint, one soot hs poh then ee ad In the tbe, thas mageede le tha oo. be mare in bechowe thf te) a "yale slain fatotavogs be died ato “smal? (Joel <1} and atge (fo > 2) Borers nif esiv#lst tel lal ied athe ea small stortion tation dnc em nee AUstorion Sletten. Howes [yp] >I thes the sonsse of ined tron” type. Tha i thee exes one Slton which ha aml shear and large titan nce ith smal twist and lage sear However, one can eh Zonaty requ tat [el ¢1, aac inline consideration the ee ofthe bear opernar (18) woul imply at ‘hear snee of egatade eter than 4" ie aot meaning ‘Comtieton of the engeenss prof now ely rast last nha and Sie aly Ee uniguely determined om ‘Snron tenes To obs the anotony fara for 2 ‘own dori tenon, (2) ilar wae ete and Oe #0 (The special case where @ (Cu =o ne ely obsanaiey Bunion (7) Ya he ‘shine pe (GeGdtAW+e) — ay P"eeyranic=a) z (os Finally, odlermine he sang parameter, premalily Coy SEEN The inven a amape eit snc ering Land tine The inverse of S exit EL (Ths cae i conierel seperately) The ruling Slut Ai dngon an theme dgon cemen pay Cafes 4) +O [Cus x) ~ Goer 4) He) nama hee ae tosis 20) etheSotompsitios of any pysilly plane ton: ‘he tes, only one af wich see be conizeredpyclly easigielAlthooghinvetigations of chanvalng lect ‘rik thi fctoriation mo pov wel an explict wathod iteration of the C tensor per «was no ae peimary (gal bore, The sbove dcuadon was nceary fo atblk ER paametere wed (osetia al wel deed In the propane factorization 4 (comets degener Deconposrioy oF rite IMPEDANCE TeNson the above decompeston (14) ofthe dtrtion tensor laaubettted iat (1) the reves Im =sRTSAT BE () Hg Ala adored into Za to give, th can be win Zn = RT SZ RT consy: Bgation (31) consitate the deste decomposition Cds sven sel poms which te (land 2) the ral sd imagloty pai of ‘Suvi the afar major ping impedance «(ee ent restity aad pas), Se) ea ad nay pa ote ie para ‘hd pas), (5) tbe ath 9 ofthe ty, (6) the ear angle ¢, = ane, snd 7) the it een a Ge diate sn, ot wna i ; i" Inst ey ty a ext due riety repented by He emery decompostion es (an) (a9) (39 the product decomposition in (1) i magi ont it elds afer some algebra slat seem of gpa aostetes ie orm Gmetalee 6 (Ween 2?) opened (ate) opm n(td reels 8 ~ (6 eto}in 28 (04d) tb oand beens 6 {or thezum ofthe principal impedance and ee difecence fase ben ae. The 30" ambi in ean be reed by ‘patente > sit he ‘Se ceate fide mote ih yor thatthe aia het "Thee in fat a anigoe decomposes (3) for ies inpedane tenor if he Pye! model cortet for Snmpedance enor and there wo ae prs ate aie {ly forreponal simath convention ated td he low ‘seria s mae for th slton ofthe toisation (f°C, seaplane inthe previons veticn),In practi, ‘esos dte ith sis or denne om the pain ‘Boda wil sever excl fi the pope deeampetion I {cars a saat of there ght ral onus (00) for ‘Sane Scomynion frets ma esr! By (ot date the conesinal math in Sting ony foe pe ‘nt i more able it epet fo dae Swit (1967) bas dese 8 5D indicator stew, a2 im 9)Foc the din thee model developed hee, on ‘Ben when the Indaction Se Dts cle tom (27) that {hehe cas be ginny diferent som eo tad one Un of fequeny Hf datrtons ate prostate as to the ipedance tensor Zy severed ly Wit ne decomporin ironic (Ger the at eft ofthe diatnon suctiopy aed the os Heth aoe of Za xtreme 0a > Band ene 40) sng the formu fr the tangent fncsion of smo ane ‘This prompts uta dene sew angle ya tat" (acts ‘hat this tobe disingssbed om shew Ustorrce of fH) and Egpeisht) "The ew age poroiateetimate ofthe magnus of tet sd tages ‘Thee MT date canbe tected tacoery nthe barr ofa lage ew evenf induction 2 Dine ‘The new dcompontion propor above wil esi fh ‘Staion and pemit the sve of uch din "The coaventonal method of recsreting the pindpal impedances aad the fds Yo misiae, ial ia a function of coordinate rotation ange # [eit 18; Sin and Bostick, 1960). ir euiaert to mining inst li 1085, Sims and Bonk 80), Reman tthe chnen cordon rtation tl all) = (0-4) cnt = (6 ete)en ale 0) « Tee cer that mining og a given by (40) with ‘pect to 6 wll at ld rhe tae ndactive she 9 lotion pret’ What renal wl be ebaned? Rather han ving the general eve we al ave he inp pe al cies Where 2 phy sine (Oe), ean ewes dun (15) neste +e os) ‘hart sod sith life fm hcp ink vests by hall the shew angie ‘The general penton this pec cae bat ath enor the conventional hale Going to the oer extzene, inthe otepe ce (@S,oa canbe made sre by choong reer) For the special cate of high aniotropy, hat pina pean wil be recovered The awe we wld atele can eof come acl maples of the tue 2-D impedances, fs) and We), where Mu) & fe) Us ofan impedance Testor ofthe form expoed by (51) i the eoeentina (Gey Swit) dcompenton proce shows afer ie ge Brae manipaltoe thatthe impedances «and W actaly ‘coed bythe conventonal method a Hoymayy[tamtieon sto: (ay = Vor~ [2epteenaiote ras) lan That the major principal impedance i eared corey czep fora vali factor wile wegen nuendo ‘he tmota i tre However, ie snor yin panne sot rcoreed corny all The aa oboe i fae pal fmpelancemlipled by some cling ae mpi, ok nn ch tcl fete fro ‘Avothrinstrsctive special ats ha of werk aaron (ecteasd sal much fe han eniy) ia tpnaly ap rotimately otopc Earth Ie hi xe, treo ead ed third order inet and ia ean be ego, evn at ‘ppocmations fr mqaton (288) to (28) cunts (ay nm en ain (a) aa (wo fy nero ~ bint es) Note tat if the saa esr, Ja)? i isis by 72 6 nd the convention athod wi tev the cor fect inductive sete mater waa the atin De onventinal meted in frt recovers the cect pina Impedoncen ae wel fn ths cae (ncept fr the val sae Bf) Nete i he ako ofa een iy om he ‘ic he conventional echod ier height awn even ‘ihe he stew inaazera. A colar of thn ta he cae ‘enticed method eu do Daly inthis ase with ter how (Gerdchesty and Ditvin, 1915; Ranganoyat, 184 sack Ashlee direc he fecogna mete Ze (the Besdichevoy ince impedance) athe near sot tthe Antcrninat of Ze month eeamising. Toe tw of thee {eer to fora which can bead foe medclng a which {ic thaght tote la sete by noe nd tle ar "ons Tn sltae cae thay ala have the desire prom ‘ety orfecting to ume extents hdeontlly serge teoe SL "Taps Hlsertt gel Manat poy? ghee Pian for io io i i to i i Big. Semerion af parm by dicen mathodn, Thm ef eh cnn rap of he pares icine, ppsen wane upapada econo Te 12 oeindependen ot bese Goma Inductive stractse. In the abence of serio, {he Bedicherhy impedance pte ce teeters of ‘timation are lower Wee ditertons ae pes howe ‘Stet the Berdichev npedasce xno longe map te Atineic mean of the two pipe impede, bat ‘sknown tnear combination of them, an at sch eotot be modeled. The determaastalimpedasce, ov the ther ind ib enalacted by distortion sa deserted bere excep for mltsiation bya frequency independent saa (Ce Aecnminant oC). ‘That woud appa toconaet, ‘ts of Bedichnsty ond Dats 100), They showed {hat the trae impedance was lend than the deve Iinantl impedance, mewred ouside seta eipealy ‘Sind! atomopeaity ‘The dtepancy however, 2 “ais he tame infaraton by th teagan when oe datas panne nen cee ned by theft at thee meneame’ cation yon as of aymmetry whee fe seas aed wit sould be Star ‘ale too many simplying seemptins to be set fr te Bhyial model wed ere (2,3 galtsiedatron et ‘EDinducton). Iisa iastactive compacta decom ‘patton with apprssiea which tale foo snolieg ‘Ssumptioes fr tha parle pose mall (estate {ihe advantage of the mol decing what guns fo one, is scion, the sew decomposition he een other approaches wc, exploring, pose four decompostionpreeted hte pat ee‘sud regio! partes at mach poste andes the ‘emptin thatthe rejoal aca rat mast 2D and the Teel sacar eurr oly alan xatvng of the sectic ter decmpoitins developed fog Bupers, 1982 LaToracs rat, I0t, Yer and Poston S81), Phe dacompentions ‘he bie om mathematical arcs oth pede tensor and do nee step to septate loa sad apc Sfecu. The eigenstate formation sf Sypers [860 fe fessnably characterise example o hear metbode Post ‘st Eager parameter are the fo complex eigenales XE ‘Sue deen 224 fejreaaizi a “) here a ie eine by (235. Tes te ited tobe aa ust te two penal taped f the Swift method fc infact reduce to those when the Sit del of re ‘le 2. induc ie appoprite. When the pail mode lnteediate cmplonty desc here apropite, these ‘igemalaes do potent spl othe pcp impedances Tn the pagal eve af oe 2D qavane nntirng of lec fl Se 162 nganal 2D stecne (Py, Belfd-veimlelel a whee nw given by 246. Thaw tht th gen {alts mix the epional -D impedance ins le manner ‘the convenes method. Phe meg dependent on te deste datardon mutex CA mote dale ama Se ofthe comparizon can by found nthe wack by Grom ie Stone on 2.0 DuronTions Zhong ot (187 have applied the ase phi idee Bar 08) to the pei cae where he dito ae ‘tse twodimensiaa in ature, Fev compesron neo tine the tong datas car (at sscamnily 2) wih {Ge decomposition popond bate Coser the tt eft of {ae tenor 78 onthe regen eis Sele prodaced by zh Iftbe diorion i song (el sprog ai), NIN plats the eect td along timath¥/t wile ‘pect othe pencil indsetive coordinate nyse (oe =») Ite shar begin. The wat tsar ten lee this aes of planation by tbe twit angle Inthe ment ‘ewnentcrardates the daa sinnth ofthe song focal eke fd plaanion deton iat eread w) hrs the sg achat the ane a tht of esha, We (aden the dnton see local wil be ‘Sher perpendesar ae panel to these ofthe eng “Intron niratere. The dation sila ce te wed ne ‘icompoiion parameter in lca fhe tata icant the infrmation boat the twit sa deeibes wore feu the ditrin structure. The above elt (46) an be ‘dived gray for 2D dorton by wing toe esl of ‘Drange a (1987 for he form sD daation tenes (i as onl thes independent parameter, a symmetsie) ed wsttoag diatcron condition (=) Iorcarons oF 2. Inoverion ‘The meumplon afD dtation wing on 2D inaction ie he this the case As ast ave the sew enol ‘ula neatr for thi purpose. Thee ae two epee ‘ich deviations om these ironed aa ee Ueto. The distrtioe eel ends toa decurposion wth hy seven va parsntee sod thrfve enna easly BL I pone impedance tenet, which tel roel eh ‘eu pramtas odes tn, ‘The ote esate bine eor off ¢ of he chaning decomposition fen « hve Zand 2s ae the meveeed and modeled impedance intr slemente pect This ero parameter faked Uevmll compared ith sm Ie eas becasue ry 1 vhieh ih ded dtovton del ie testy fa ee Note ha an-eroetnated sales for may nt be ag ct data eae lak into aceovat A conven chioqate tet wit ane die of edo maybe sted to Sts th cane i he cos can be ued mal datbuied, This oo he oly way to wen the ‘Rodel vii, Bae( 98] hardened stoma ret ‘Beau of deviation irom the mol tion melt examine the fequency dependence af the ‘Esonon parameters Ifthe ea dorson med iet tetpprosmatly independent of fegincy ia sha sage In pret vrectare which aces reo the rei i “vei sttactre at high Gequcnier may at 1 Ergun. Inlpendent tation srctre a uch lone eqns, Tapplcation of the decrpestion to he date gps DISTORTION PARAMETERS 7 cae Fg, 5, Distro pana (in and sf he ineBoop ae Ero} eTate : yuri | mene 3 fade i ‘or ‘ To i io ‘% “Benes Pe berg? el Pte bea gant cc] Eines Cae a a i : Be Eve 2 i Sampaio prtern te tee ned inv need dans ‘Hat the modell vl, ot lear over cai eauency ‘ange, Beaute cand 6 ae approinately constant fr Stoney how wig one tt ths? One Bethe data at ‘eevatfeguensea wth + diferat ct of even pruelers ‘euh frequen, ruang TH parameter oa Oe thes fis the dats ung the tame thera local sia ot 2 fequncie,requtng 58049 parnntere Ete dee tin by 20 25g the aumber of adja parame od to ft the mode! has not spafcnalyincesed he ig ‘tr, the mel Is probaly vais. Ts apprsch can be tigoosly frmulted aes standard pata Pts ioe aly atid tes neat ster gv site diferent Impatancetettry, thr decomposition can be compare, ibe eponl inductive parameter ate ey sia tent for sat sit) dest large posible dieracen in th di teton parameters tau oa he anderpng mo er cas explain the da, ‘Ax Beane Win Exeenineta DATA The example presented here ent intended tobe 8 re tons. The data ae lng prod ta bind swan cate on the Canadian hid northern Outer Stn north ofthe tows of Capen [Cee Te), The at a expected to bre rately lage eos ad nas ‘howe fo iis enon to atthe robusta fhe mos ‘he upper cal rocks ae ganic and have seer ihe ede f 10 ohm-motes The topographic i ftew eno meters exsnnvely but erally coved with src anit rm a iy of oof der of 1 cheer) The teood of ssn ture ‘entoal method sad the nw decemporiion se compared Jn Tig,daoag wit thermnero of (2) ag Seam she dorian prac, sds, obtained pte "Thea thee speci ices of evidence inter seats hich gatet tht the channeling Secomponton ape: Iie, On examination of Fig. Sse tha thee {arin parameter shat inet feunay independent evi and typically about 0.0, whereas tw cones Sea igh w 0 Thi ol ke howe moth) sry clon to the conventional apn! imu ‘That sec revels scat the fave Goon time Tr opposition to an hypthes of galvanic dtontion shee 1s the presence i thee cents of eseney depen {ss However it shosld by noted that laugh there ‘Goma asimuth may vary slowly with eqn ifthe medal {only approxima ali (og, a neatly model with 2 pooty defined sire doa), trong cae Goel wet plezaon diet} wil nto he sae ‘Tho the twit mart compensate y vying in an pone ste He een amu (ca be ted “The conventional sppsest resins ae vey fat over ‘is period range and appo tobe vac ail esa Uplton by veal but equeryinceendent conta) eh oie, This rs conned with the sna in the Inajr and minr Impedance phaser would uggs, conve onal aD reponleondacnty seen ih iakncs ‘static thi. However the sr of tf the 2D modal ot jective tie simath der considerably fom the ald ad vais mach are with fegency, he Teel les Sede ceo ane ncn of pletion aly the apparent local eke a iat (ohch i i indeed of earac) m o oP Senonl method is wrng sts eat donation 6 {Selon fete ate the ata clasesce be cnvenonl lke aad the locale os Fig ‘The model forthe decompartion dictates tat he lca stortin parameter be independent gency. te ‘uted by the pip! mode undeiing the dese pction, the dsrtioe pirmetes shar sad Inca le (6) are ‘slivay independent of fgueny as son Com Pi 4 ETindecmponien gure sda ft eno asdnceed pre ios of 0.009 (the srerage oer equons the se theme etn). The ne stag te etd io vee gate wheter the dition pratense fede pendent of fequengy tnd wheter the secre! waatons inet (egos: independent uty lo set Fe foe independet of ped and comin emt ee Tea sacs fe, he svrage more the Ath deco amped ror the dle end thus spot the model hypothesis Pig. isa compare of eden parsers ‘betwen the watonctsneddecmpaton et cen) od the conteined decomposes (at sale). Fg? et the shear aad twist forthe Cosi! ation il te posien (Pig. 8) senienntlymodied ted sow ml tes variable ith nqeeacy. The malo apparel fenstelned cave, sd their impedes oy sgh Inn opposte nace othe spon tke Note the ore fouseeae! Local he, ts mo Inger aw deyenet aranaet bat depends enrely loaste and toiel Simesh Tn fact if there is 30 pleted roped south (Ler 1 regional tractus) ten the tol simath {) hl he et (am ony artenly wht theta stant defied y the costed loa Becase ofthe restive atrpy ofthe appre cesay ics appeacs pl thatthe eel tie mse oa Alsing ply Veeause Insist poy Seer et bear te mode i gry ina Tis romps che ‘more of lee constant? Ifthe gee nutes ial IED, this bet of contains shold prodec an equal ne Fig 8 shows the decomposition rls when tepna sue Seat angle and twist ange ar al ontuned athe to liewitin 2 a the mesa eon oped by ig. fad ‘There ie vexy Lite nce nthe nor ff fon the Centalned decomposition, The nuer oe prune ‘ed fr the entre ate neo es hae the saber sed DISTORTION PARAMETERS 2» sxew Book FERRELL pgt or 108 10 seconos i, Dison panne ed he) rh ston Fg € (ogc The caren ee aeoees 1 her ie io bg, Jaden nd erin pura» forthe convemons decomposition, However, theater of ftarean by comping Fp # to sl ora order (imagitede slr thn he convnina ee ‘requncyndopendent ne tthe region sales These ony gh salons inthe impedance (Fig 6) om the previous contained decompontion It appar th the lngeseesacture can be intercede bing one ‘Srepteal he petite, exept fone problem, That problem is withthe impedance passin Fig I Uber {Borlsrectee italy 1D, te impedtace pase shel Eeideatcl However other physical ects ny be present whic hae aot bee considered, casing thee phase dlr. hese In patie, an important factor to be cousdeed he efec on the magne Rid of the galas ix ‘sree (900 fr instance, have ener the alee of {Ri anomalous Bld fr ome ested ase Ta fy ‘hee he dnested utente nde onthe major fact 8 ge Eth sessesesiere deol uncoance Paases Bot whos e or ie Phaser ofthe 2D impedances nthe mary ofthe hae difeenns jn Fig. cen pobaly be sconte for ty ouch amagnetic ald [Groom 88), Homer, this rel doer indcate oe neces of recogacng i ot stely ‘exporting galvanic magetie often any decompontion ‘Thich stampa to scroutfor al he elect of stomp 1D Inbvaic cect ld dinorton by conducive orton tere reve Fath ‘The dncanion ofthe physicr of dntortion given in thin piper ir at sew, Want eoow sa eli dcompontion like inpedace tenor, the parameters of ich separately Spree the determinate dnoton ofc the ndterms ‘Me dstrSonefetsand 2D idle fete: Lefer in Lion, rltrely bunt wey of eteriing hee aoa ‘ete prnence of sie by ete o bing implemented Becane the cor of magneto repens decd ty the dtrtion model each ager haninductive star should be physclly meaning In uc age proportion experimental coer Even css tihte the psa system Coe not cosforexnly Yo he {Hpk dirion nal, she Gecompeniton may at ofr Sell standard ay to preset and compere bt Tel abd ‘athe mappestlse data for ¥D sac, detnledpments Weal eo hak, Vr tie ‘a or thet he ean ote msc The ek eopted in pty te nal Samet al gies vc Cat (NSERC) etn Deptt SESS 1 ir atest cot SET Bin oud 6 a KA Poe Fe end Riga ert ‘sd Geopksis (in prow). Geophys sae, Pos ia Ie ee Sac ema “ce denon structure, Ceopypen 8, 8827-100) egal hs “anne mp of papcoaie wig rat anh Ap me edt med, url a5, aes Lceoranae 4 eoinge tp Weg FEE Hil, Denn Poin Unive Toe (Bacay 9,188 etic Selanne 88)