P #6D: W S, G D, Hdi, SDG: Illar Eaker Ection Ender Evelopment

PILLAR#6D: WEAKER SECTION, GENDER DEVELOPMENT, HDI, SDG
Table of Contents
65 ☪✝HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Minorities, SC/ST .................................................................... 1134
65.1 ☪✝ Minorities (अ�सं �क समुदाय) ......................................................................................................... 1134
65.1.1 ☪✝ Minorities → Constitutional Protection (सं वैधा�नक सं र�ण) ................................................ 1135
65.1.2 ☪✝ Minorities → Legal Protection (कानूनी सं र�ण) .................................................................... 1135
65.1.3 ☪✝:📊📊 Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Census-2011 ................................................... 1135
65.1.4 ☪✝:📊📊 Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Religious freedom (धा�मक �तं त्रता) ................. 1136
65.1.5 ☪✝ �[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Minority Affairs (अ�सं �क कायर् मं त्रालय) ......................... 1136
65.1.6 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Schemes → PM Janvikas Karykram (2018)................................... 1136
65.1.7 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Scheme → Education / Exams ........................................................ 1137
65.1.8 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → USTTAD Master Trainers ............................................ 1138
65.1.9 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → Seekho Aur Kamao (Learn & Earn) ............................ 1138
65.1.10 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → MANAS Academy .................................................... 1138
65.1.11 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Preserving a community / culture / pilgrimage?....................................... 1139
65.1.12 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Pilgrim → Hajj → Subsidy ........................................................................ 1139
65.1.13 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Pilgrim → Hajj → Mehram ....................................................................... 1139
65.2 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Scheduled Tribes (ST) ............................................................... 1139
65.2.1 ST → Constitutional Protection (सं �वधा�नक सुर�ा) ...................................................................... 1140
65.2.2 ST → Legal Protection (कानूनी सुर�ा) ........................................................................................... 1140
65.2.3 ST → Census 2011 ...................................................................................................................... 1140
65.2.4 �[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Tribal Affairs (जनजातीय कायर् मं त्रालय) ......................................... 1141
65.2.5 ST → Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) .......................................................... 1141
65.2.6 📯📯📯📯 ST → Tribal Sub Plan (1974: जनजातीय उप-योजना) .......................................................... 1142
65.2.7 📯📯📯📯 ST → Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (2014) .................................................................... 1142
65.2.8 📯📯📯📯 ST → Van Dhan Yojana ................................................................................................ 1142
65.2.9 📯📯📯📯 ST → MSP for Minor Forest Produce (लघु वन-उपज के �लए �ूनतम समथर्न मू�) ............... 1143
65.2.10 📯📯📯📯 ST → Central Tribal University ............................................................................... 1143
65.3 Weaker Section → Scheduled Castes (SC: अनुसू�चत जा�त) ................................................................... 1143
65.3.1 SC → Constitutional Protection ................................................................................................ 1143
65.3.2 SC → Legal Protection ................................................................................................................ 1143
65.3.3 SC → Census 2011 (जनगणना) ...................................................................................................... 1143
65.3.4 �[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment ............................................. 1144
65.3.5 � [Yearbook] Ministry of Law & Justice (�व�ध और �ाय मं त्रालय) .............................................. 1145
65.3.6 📯📯📯📯 SC → Welfare Schemes (क�ाणकारी योजनाएं ) .................................................................. 1146
65.4 Weaker Section → OBC & EWS ......................................................................................................... 1146
65.4.1 Weaker Section → OBC Sub-categorization (ओबीसी उप-वग�करण) commission ...................... 1146
65.4.2 Weaker Section → EWS Reservation ........................................................................................ 1146
66 👩👩 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → Women & Children................................................................. 1147
(Batch: PCB7) Mrunal’s Economy Pillar#6C HRD: Weaker Section, UNDP-HDI, SDG → Page 1132
66.1 👩👩👩→ Constitutional Provisions (सं वैधा�नक सं र�ण) ............................................................................. 1147
66.2 👩👩👩→ Legal Provisions (कानूनी सं र�ण) ................................................................................................. 1148
66.2.1 Women → Global cooperation: Beijing+25 ............................................................................. 1149
66.3 👩👩👩Women →→ Census-2011 [जनगणना 2011] ................................................................................ 1149
66.4 👩👩👩�[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Women & Child Development ................................................ 1149
66.5 👶👶>👧👧 Son-Meta Preference (पुत्री के बाद पुत्र क� चाह) .......................................................................... 1150
66.5.1 👶👶>👧👧= Son Meta Preference: why bad? ............................................................................... 1150
66.5.2 👣👣📅📅 JAYA Jaitley Task Force for ⏫marriage age 4girls ................................................... 1150
66.6 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → UNDP → Gender Inequality Index (GII) .......................................................... 1150
66.7 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → WEF → Global Gender Gap Report ................................................................... 1151
66.7.1 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → OECD’s SIGI Report.................................................................................... 1152
66.7.2 👩👩👩📊📊 Gender Indices → Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI) ............................................ 1152
66.8 👩👩👩📊📊 SDG Goal #5: Gender Equality & Empowerment ................................................................ 1152
66.9 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯 Women Schemes → Health............................................................................................ 1153
66.10 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯 Women Schemes → Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (2015) ............................................. 1153
66.10.1 👩👩: 👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 Atama-Nirbhar: PM GARIB KALYAN → Women will benefit, how?
1154
66.11 👩👩 📯📯📯📯 Women Schemes→ Violence / Skilling / Misc........................................................ 1154
66.12 👩👩👩💰💰 🗄🗄:📯📯📯📯 Women Funds ................................................................................................. 1155
66.12.1 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯- 3 Umbrella Schemes to cover all women schemes ........................................ 1155
66.12.2 👩👩👩✍ Women / Gender Development: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्).............................. 1156
66.13 👶👶 Weaker Section → Children (बालक ब�े) ................................................................................. 1157
66.13.1 👶👶 → Constitutional Protection .......................................................................................... 1157
66.13.2 👶👶 → Legal Protection.......................................................................................................... 1157
66.13.3 👶👶 📯📯📯📯 HRD Weaker Section → Children → Orphan in Corona ............................. 1158
66.13.4 👶👶 📯📯📯📯 HRD Weaker Section → Children → Misc. Portal/GK ................................. 1158
66.14 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section → PH (♿) ................................................................................. 1158
66.14.1 ♿ PH → Constitutional Protection: .................................................................................. 1158
66.14.2 ♿ PH → Legal Protection: .................................................................................................. 1159
66.14.3 ♿ 📯📯📯📯 PH → Welfare schemes ..................................................................................... 1159
66.15 HRD/EDU → Weaker Section: Elderly, Drug Addicts ................................................................ 1159
66.15.1 👴👴 Elderly (��) .................................................................................................................... 1160
66.15.2 🍻🍻 Drug Addicts (नशे के लती/ नशेड़ी) ........................................................................................ 1161
66.16 👭👭👭👭Weaker Section: LGBT (समल��गक और िक�र) ......................................................................... 1161
66.16.1 � National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP: ट�ासं ज�डर ��यों के �लए रा�ी� य प�रषद) 1161
67 ��
� � 🌿🌿 Human Development & Sustainable Development ................................................................. 1161
67.1 📊📊📊📊 UNDP’s Human Development Report (मानव �वकास �रपोटर्) .................................................... 1162
67.1.1 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Human Development Index (HDI:मानव �वकास सूचकांक) ............................... 1164
67.1.2 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Inequality Adjusted HDI.............................................................................. 1164
67.1.3 📊📊📊📊 UNDP → Gender Development Index (GDI: ल��गक �वकास सूचकांक)............................. 1165
67.2 📊📊📊📊 UNSDSN → World Happiness Report ................................................................................. 1165
67.3 📊📊 World Bank → Human Capital Index ........................................................................................ 1165
67.4 📊📊 Human development → Misc. Indicators ................................................................................. 1165
67.4.1 📊📊📊📊✍Human Development: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्) ............................................. 1166
68 🌱🌱 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ........................................................................................... 1166
68.1.1 �🌴🌴🌴🌴🌴🌴 [Yearbook] Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change ................ 1166
68.1.2 �☔🌪🌪 [Yearbook] Ministry of Earth Sciences (पृ�ी �व�ान मं त्रालय) ...................................... 1167
68.2 🌱🌱 Sustainable Development: meaning............................................................................................. 1168
68.3 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES20 on SDG & Environment ......................................................................................... 1168
68.4 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES21 on SDG & Environment ......................................................................................... 1169
68.4.1 📙📙📙📙ES21 Climate Change damages Indian economy [जलवायु प�रवतर्न से भारतीय अथर्तंत्र को ख़तरा]
1169
68.4.2 📙📙📙📙ES21: Climate Risk & Pandemic Risk Insurance need to be encouraged ................. 1169
68.4.3 📙📙📙📙ES21: solar energy misused for groundwater exploitation .......................................... 1169
68.5 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 SDG → India’s Implementation / Monitoring ........................................................... 1170
68.5.1 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI’s SDG India Index: overall scoring ............................................................. 1170
68.5.2 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI SDG Urban India Index ............................................................................... 1171
68.5.3 🌱🌱🌱🌱 NITI’s VNR Review to UN ........................................................................................... 1171
68.6 🌱🌱 SDG Goals vs India’s Notable Schemes....................................................................................... 1172
68.6.1 🌱🌱✍SDG: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्) ................................................................................. 1176
68.7 ✍🎺🎺 Mains Answer Writing: Poverty, Hunger, Social Sectors .................................................... 1177
68.7.1 ✍🎺🎺 GSM1 Syllabus: Poverty, Population; Development & associated issues ................. 1177
68.7.2 ✍🎺🎺 GSM2 Syllabus: Poverty & hunger issues/गरीबी और भुखमरी के मुद्दे .................................. 1177
68.7.3 ✍🎺🎺 GSM2 Syllabus: Schemes for Social Sectors ................................................................. 1178
68.7.4 ✍🎺🎺 GSM2 Syllabus: Schemes for Social Sectors → Education ........................................ 1180
68.7.5 ✍🎺🎺 Mains Answer Writing: Inclusive Growth................................................................... 1181
68.7.6 ✍🎺🎺 Mains Answer Writing: Women Development .......................................................... 1182
65 ☪✝HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → MINORITIES, SC/ST

65.1 ☪✝ MINORITIES (अ�सं �क समुदाय)
65.1.1 ☪✝ Minorities → Constitutional Protection (सं वैधा�नक सं र�ण)
Constitution did not define the ‘minority’, but
✓ Art 25-28: Right to freedom of religion. [धा�मक �ातं �]
✓ Article 25(2): Sikhs have the right to wear & carry kirpans.
✓ Article 29(1): Conserve distinct language, script or culture. [सां�ृ�तक धरोहर क� र�ा]
✓ Article 30(1): Minorities’ right to establish & administer educational institutions.
✓ Article 350B: Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities (भाषाई अ�सं �कों के �लए आयु�).
65.1.2 ☪✝ Minorities → Legal Protection (कानूनी सं र�ण)
 1992: National Commission for Minorities Act (रा��ीय अ�सं �क आयोग) → Section 2(c): we’ve 6
national minorities: Muslims, Christians, Buddhists, Sikhs, Zoroastrians (Parsis) & Jains (Latest
added in 2014).
 1995: Waqf Act → Waqf Councils @Union & State levels. When a Muslim donates property for
the society, it’s called Waqf.
 2002: Haj Committee Act.
 2004: Minority Educational Institutions Act.
65.1.3 ☪✝:📊📊 Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Census-2011

- Out of total population: Hindu (79.8%) > Muslim(14.2%) > Christian(2.3%) > Sikh (1.7%) >
Buddhist (0.7%) > Jain(0.4%) > Parsis (0.06%) > Animist & others (0.72%)
- Decadal population growth rate of religious groups (2001-2011): Hindus: 16.8%; Muslim: 24.6%;
Christian: 15.5%; Sikh: 8.4%; Buddhist: 6.1% & Jain: 5.4%.
- % Jains out of total state population: Maharashtra (1.3%) > Rajasthan (1.2%) > Delhi (1.1%) >
Gujrat (1.0%). Elsewhere in the country their proportion in negligible.
Where Non-hindus are Majority Where Hindus are Minority
- Muslims: J&K & Lakshadweep Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya,
- Sikhs: Punjab J&K, Arunachal, Manipur & Punjab (According
यहाँ ग़ैर िह�ू ब�सं �क है to a PIL in SC)
65.1.4 ☪✝:📊📊 Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Religious freedom (धा�मक �तं त्रता)
⇒ United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF)
⇒ Their Religious Freedom Report 2020: India is labelled as a Country of Special Concern (CSC)
because of the communal violence. (ऐसा देश �जसपर अमरीक� धा�मक �ातं � आयोग को �वशेष �चंता है, सांप्रदा�यक
िहसं ा के कारण)
⇒ But India’s External Affairs ministry has rejected this report so we need not apply much brain
here. (भारत के �वदेश मामलों के मं त्रालय ने इसे खा�रज िकया है। तो हमने ब� िदमाग़ ख़चर् करने क� ज़�रत नहीं)
65.1.5 ☪✝ �[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Minority Affairs (अ�सं �क कायर् मं त्रालय)
Dept / Attached N/A
CPSE National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC) : A
‘non-for-profit’ company under Companies Act. Union owns 73%.
Shareholding of each state/UT NMDFC is in proportion to its population of
minorities. Virasat = NMDFC loan scheme for craftsman.
Autonomous Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF). Maulana Abul Kalam Azad,
�ाय� सं �ा the first Education Minister of India
Statutory 1) National Commission for Minorities [रा��ीय अ�सं �क आयोग]
वैधा�नक 2) Waqf Council 3) Haj Committee
Constitutional 350B: Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities [भाषाइ अ�सं �क]
65.1.6 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Schemes → PM Janvikas Karykram (2018)
- 2005-06: PMO → Justice (Retd) Rajinder Sachar Committee for social, economic & educational
status of the Muslims in India. [मु��मों क� सामा�जक आ�थक और �श�ा ��त के �लए स�म�त बनी थी]
- 2005: Prime Minister’s New 15 Point Programme for the Welfare of Minorities= “We’ll apply
existing schemes in better manner” + some ₹ ₹ for upgrading Madressa, skilling etc. in areas with
25% /> minority population. [वतर्मान योजनाओं को बेहतर तरीक़े से लागू कर�गे]
- 2008: Manmohan starts Multi-sectoral Development Programme (MsDP)
ManMohan (2008) → Modi (2018)
Multi-sectoral Development Program(MsDP) renamed it into PM Janvikas Karykram
for village-clusters where minority population Minority population 25%/> (So more areas
was 50%/> & high level of backwardness. ~90 covered)
districts covered
− Boss? Ministry of Minority Affairs (अ�सं �क मामलों का मं त्रालय)
− Centrally sponsored scheme → Core of the Core Schemes (Umbrella Scheme for Minorities) →
not 100% funded by Union. 60:40, 90:10. (क� द्र द्वारा प्रायो�जत अ�त मह�पूणर् योजना)
− ₹ ₹ Health, Education, Skills, Community Hall, Sadbhav Mandap, Marketshed, Rural Housing,
Water, Toilets etc. [�ा� �श�ा कौशल तालीम इ�ािद]
○ 80% of the ₹ ₹ to be used for Health (more PHC, Anganwadi centres), Education (more
schools, more classrooms & labs), Skill programs (more ITI, Polytechnics) etc.
○ 33-40% for women centric projects (which could also have overlapping objectives of
education / health / skilling.).
65.1.6.1 PMJVK → Sub-component → CyberGram

− Boss? Ministry of Minority Affairs for giving computer training to Madressa Students.
65.1.7 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Scheme → Education / Exams
Nai Roshni − Minority Affairs Ministry’s leadership development among minority women.
अ�सं �क मिहला Training them on how to interact with Govt orgs, banks, etc. so they can be
नेतृ� ता�लम more assertive about their rights & more confident to use their talent.
Nai Manzil − Madressa Passout & School-dropout minority youth (aged 17-35)
मदरसा के ब�ों को − They’ve face difficulty in getting jobs because they don’t have ‘school
मु�धारा म� लाना Leaving Certificate’ or a proof of having class 8 or 10 level education
− So, Nai Manzil scheme gives them employable skills in computer, accounting
etc. + National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS) certification so they can
get jobs in organized sector.
− Minimum 30% seats are earmarked for minority girls.
Competitive − Central Sector Scheme: 100% Union Funded
Exam − Naya Savera: Govt gives ₹ ₹ to public & private institutes for giving free
को�चंग के �लए पैसा coaching to minority students for competitive exams.
स��डी − Nai Udaan: Govt gives ₹ ₹ to minority students IF they clear Prelims stage of
UPSC, SSC & StatePCS Gazetted-. Provided family annual income is not >6
lakh, & he’ll not claiming it for more than once. Only 2000 students given
this ₹ ₹ annually, on first-cum-first-serve basis.
Padho Education loan subsidy for minority students for higher education overseas.
Pardesh �वदेश म� उ� �श�ा के �लए ली गई �श�ा लोन पर �ाज स��डी
Fellowship Maulana Azad National Fellowship for M. Phil & Ph.D. minority students.
65.1.8 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → USTTAD Master Trainers
USTTAD abbreviation: Upgrading Skills & Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development
⇒ Boss? Ministry of Minority Affairs. Central Sector Scheme: 100% Union Funded
⇒ Minority craftsman aged of 30 years & having 10 years experience in his field. → They are given
further training + marketing skills + stipend → they will become Ustad (Master Trainer) →
Ustad will give training to younger generation to preserve their craft.
⇒ Examples: Phulkari embroidery (Sikh), Kashmiri Shawl-Carpets & Aligarh’s handmade locks
(Muslims), Thanka Painting (Buddhist), Parsi Gara Hand Embroidered Saree etc.
Related Schemes:
- Hunar Haat: Govt organizes trade mela, marketing exhibition to help the minority craftsmen
display their work & connect with the buyers. मेलों का आयोजन
- Virasat is credit scheme for crafts persons by NMDFC.
65.1.9 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → Seekho Aur Kamao (Learn & Earn)
⇒ Boss? Ministry of Minority Affairs. Central Sector Scheme: 100% Union Funded.
⇒ Beneficiary? Minority person who is min. class 5 pass, aged 14-45.
⇒ They’re given training with stipend for छात्रवृ�� दी जाएगी
○ A) modern trades (saloon, restaurant, computer data entry operator etc) or
○ B) traditional crafts (Carpet, handicraft etc).
⇒ Then, Govt helps them get placement / self-employment. [नौकरी/�रोजगार के �लए मदद]
65.1.10 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → MANAS Academy

Boss? Ministry of Minority Affairs → National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation
(NMDFC) → Maulana Azad National Academy for Skills (MANAS)
⇒ MANAS receives ₹ ₹ from various Govt schemes for minorities’ education / skill / poverty
removal + ₹ ₹ from donations. MANAS uses those ₹ ₹ to
○ To setup training institutes in PPP mode.
○ To give Concessional loans to minorities for skill courses & to start businesses. [�रयायती
�ाज पर कज़र् िदया जाएगा]
⇒ + Technical & Marketing Support to new entrepreneurs.
+ online portal to monitor (private) training institutes, in collaboration with Skill Ministry.
65.1.11 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Preserving a community / culture / pilgrimage?
Boss? Ministry of Minority Affairs [Central Sector: 100% funded by Union]
⇒ Beneficiaries- Parsi married couples encouraged to produce children- to reverse
Jiyo Parsi the falling population of Parsis. पार�सयों क� �गरती आबादी को बढ़ाना
(2013) ⇒ ₹ ₹ for infertility treatment / IVF baby etc. व�� इलाज
⇒ Advocacy, Counselling, awareness generation. वकालत, परामशर्, जाग�कता
Hamari ⇒ Ministry of Minority Affairs (with help of Culture Ministry).
Dharohar ⇒ To preserve minorities’ culture, heritage, manuscripts.
65.1.12 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Pilgrim → Hajj → Subsidy
- 1932: British Indian Govt started subsidized sea-transport Muslims going for Hajj to Mecca,
Saudi Arabia. In Modern times, Civil Aviation Ministry gave ‘Hajj Subsidy’ to Air India to provide
cheap transport, free meal etc. to them. (The beneficiaries selected by Haj Committees under
Minority Ministry).
- 2012: Supreme Court ordered Govt to gradually phase out Hajj subsidy & use ₹ ₹ for educational &
social development of Muslims instead. [सव�� ायालय ने हज स��डी पर रोक लगायी और यह पैसा मुसलमानों के �श�ा
और सामा�जक �वकास म� इ�ेमाल के �लए सरकार को �नद�श िदए]
- 2018: Govt finally cancelled Hajj Subsidy based on Afzal Amanullah committee (2017) report.
- 2019: Minority Affairs ministry’s “E-MASIHA” health app for Haji pilgrims.
65.1.13 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Pilgrim → Hajj → Mehram

- Earlier, Muslim women were not allowed to go for Hajj without ‘Mehram’ i.e. husband, son or a
male first blood relation as guardian.
- But PM Modi allowed Muslim women aged 45/> to go without Mehram, in a group of at least four
women, based on Afzal Amanullah committee (2017) report. पु�ष सं र�क अ�नवायर् नहीं
65.2 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → SCHEDULED TRIBES (ST)
65.2.1 ST → Constitutional Protection (सं �वधा�नक सुर�ा)
✓ Art 23: Abolish human trafficking & bonded labour (मानव त�री और बं धुआ मजदू री)
✓ Art 164: Tribal Welfare Minister in the state Govts of Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh
& Odisha. While Bihar excluded after 94th Amendment Act of 2006.
✓ Art 330 & 332: SC/ST reservation in Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha.
✓ Art 243D & T: Reservation in PRI & ULB [�ा�नक �रा� सं �ाओं म� आर�ण]
✓ Art 338A: National Commission for ST (रा�ी� य अनुसू�चत जनजा�त आयोग). Originally we had a
combined National Commission for SCs & STs (NCSC) → 89th Constitutional (Amendment)
Act, 2003 → SC & ST commissions bifurcated.
✓ Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill 2021: It seeks amending
nomenclature/names of certain tribes from Arunachal Pradesh mentioned in the Constitution
(Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950. अ�णाचल प्रदेश के कु छ आिदवासी समुदायों के नाम क� सूची म� कु छ सुधार के �लए नया
सं वैधा�नक सं शोधन �वधेयक
✓ 5th & 6th Schedule areas (Ref: Laxmikanth)
65.2.2 ST → Legal Protection (कानूनी सुर�ा)

✓ 1955: Protection of Civil Rights Act (नाग�रक अ�धकारों का सं र�ण अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 1976: Bonded Labour System Abolition Act [बं धुआ मज़दू री प्र�तबं ध क़ानून]
✓ 1989: Prevention of Atrocities Act for SC & ST (अ�ाचार �नवारण अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 1996: PESA- Panchayats Extension to Scheduled Areas Act
✓ 2006: Scheduled Tribes & Other Traditional Forest Dwellers Recognition of Forest Rights Act
(वन अ�धकार कानून)
65.2.3 ST → Census 2011

8.6% Indian Population is Scheduled Caste (ST: अनुसू�चत जनजा�त).
- Among ST, sex ratio is 990, which is better than All India sex ratio of 943.
- Among ST, literacy rate is 59% which is worse than All India (73%)
- ST (%): Lakshadweep > Mizoram > Nagaland > Meghalaya > Dadra & Nagar Haveli.
- ST (Absolute): Madhya Pradesh > Maharashtra > Odisha > Jharkhand > Gujarat > Rajasthan
- ST list is ‘state wise’. Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi & Puducherry have no notified
Scheduled Tribes.
65.2.4 �[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Tribal Affairs (जनजातीय कायर् मं त्रालय)
Dept/Statutory N/A
Cooperative Tribal Cooperative Marketing Development Federation of India
सहकारी सं �ान ⇒ TRIFED-1987: a cooperative registered under Multi-State
Cooperative Societies Act. It deals with Minor Forest Produce, Tribal
handicraft & sells them under brand name ‘TRIBES INDIA’ .
⇒ 2020: It launched TRIFOOD Processing Units to develop mahua drink,
amla juice, , jamun juice etc
CPSE सरकारी National Scheduled Tribes Finance & Development Corporation, a not-for-
कं प�नयां profit co. under Companies Act. (रा��ीय अनुसू�चत जनजा�त �व� और �वकास �नगम)
Constitutional Art 338A: National Commission for ST (रा��ीय अनुसू�चत जनजा�त आयोग)
E-Governance ⇒ Swasthya portal: health, nutrition related info of tribal population
⇒ GOAL: Going Online as Leaders Programme for leadership
Development among ST Students.
⇒ ALEKH newsletter for tribal communities
⇒ Shramshakthi Portal for migrant workers.
65.2.5 ST → Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)
− 1960s: Dhebar Commission → certain tribes identified with pre-agricultural level of technology
(i.e. hunting & gathering), extreme isolation & shyness from outsiders, negligible literacy,
declining/stagnant population etc. [�शकार और वन उपज पर �नभर्र, बाहर के लोगों से अलग रहना]
− Initially, they were called Primitive Tribal Groups (आिदम जनजातीय समूह) but it’s a derogatory term,
later changed Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGS).
− Presently, 75 such groups are spread across 18 States & 1 UT of Andaman-Nicobar.
State PVTGs (�वशेष �प से कमजोर जनजातीय समूह) (List is not exhaustive= यानी िक यहाँ पर जो
नाम िदए ह� इनके अलावा भी कु छ और समूह आ�धका�रक सूची म� हो सकते ह�)
Andhra & 1. Bodo Gadaba 2. Bondo Poroja 3. Chenchu 4. Dongria Khond 5. Gutob
Telangana Gadaba 6. Khond Poroja 7. Kolam 8. Kondareddis 9. Konda Savaras 10. Kutia
Khond 11. Parengi Poroja 12. Thoti
Gujarat 1. Kathodi 2. Kohvalia 3. Padhar 4. Siddi 5. Kolgha
Karnataka 1. Jenu Kuruba 2. Koraga
MP & 1. Abujh Macias 2. Baigas 3. Bharias 4. Hill Korbas
Chhattisgarh 5. Kamars 6. Saharias 7. Birhor
Maharashtra 1. Katkaria (Kathodia) 2. Kolam 3. Maria Gond
Rajasthan 1. Seharias
Tamil Nadu 1. Kattu Nayakans 2. Kotas 3. Kurumbas 4. Irulas 5. Paniyans 6.. Todas
Andaman 4. Negrito tribes: Great Andamanese, Onge, Jarawa & Sentinalese
Nicobar 2. Mongoloid tribes: Nicobarese & Shompens
🔠🔠❓MCQ. Find correct statements about PVTGs in India (Prelims-2019)
1. PVTGs reside in 18 states & one union Territory.
2. A stagnant or declining population is one of the criteria for determining PVTG status.
3. There are 92 PVTGs officially notified in the country so far.
4. Irular & Konda Reddi tribes are included in the list of PVTGs.
Codes: (a) 1,2 & 3 (b) 2,3 & 4 (c) 1, 2 & 4 (d) 1,3 & 4
65.2.6 📯📯📯📯 ST → Tribal Sub Plan (1974: जनजातीय उप-योजना)

- Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) is a strategy for the rapid Socio-economic development of ST.
- Union ministries are required to design TSPs & allot ₹₹ to states in proportion of the ST
population therein. (उनक� आबादी के िहसाब से रा�ों को पैसा आवं िटत होगा)
- Such ₹ ₹ helps in development of tribal area with creation of public infrastructure e.g. HRD/EDU
Ministry → schools (Eklavya School, Ashram-Schools), Road Ministry → Roads, Health
Ministry → Hospitals. सड़क �ा� �श�ा इ�ािद बु�नयादी अवसं रचना का �नमार्ण
- While Planning Commission (योजना आयोग) has been abolished & plan vs non-plan budget has
been merged, but the system of TSP is still continued.
Note: Schemes given below are part of Centrally Sponsored Schemes → Core of the Core Scheme →
Umbrella Program for Development of ST= NOT 100% Union funded.
65.2.7 📯📯📯📯 ST → Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (2014)

− Boss? Ministry of Tribal Affairs.
− It covers areas with significant tribal population: ‘We’ll implement the existing schemes in better
manner’, & few extra ₹ ₹ to setup school, hospital, road, irrigation, housing etc. infrastructure.
वतर्मान योजनाओं को बेहतर तरीक़े से कायार्��त कर�गे, तथा �ू ल अ�ताल सड़क इ�ािद के �लए थोड़ा और पैसा दे द�गे.
− + extra focus on Sickle Cell Anemia- a genetic disorder passed from generation to generation.
− Preserve Tribal Cultural Heritage; Promotion of Sports in Tribal Areas etc.
65.2.8 📯📯📯📯 ST → Van Dhan Yojana

− Boss? Ministry of Tribal Affairs → TRIFED
− Govt to setup Van Dhan Vikas Kendras in forested tribal districts.
− These Kendras will form Self Help Groups (�-सहायता समूह) of tribal gatherers for non-timber
based forest produce (गैर-लकड़ी आधा�रत वन उपज) e.g. Tamarind, Mahua flowers, Chironjee etc.
− SHG given training & finance for value addition on such forest produce.
− + Marketing linkage so they can sell it within the state & outside the state.
65.2.9 📯📯📯📯 ST → MSP for Minor Forest Produce (लघु वन-उपज के �लए �ूनतम समथर्न मू�)
− 2013: Tribal Ministry announces Minimum Support Price (MSP) for 20+ Minor Forest Produce
(MFP), based on recommendations of TRIFED’s Pricing Cell.
− It covers Chironji, Tamarind, Wild Honey, Mahua Seeds Karanj Seeds, Baheda, Shikakai Pods,
Guggul Arjuna Bark Etc. State agencies procure them @MSP.
− Benefit? Prevent the exploitation of Schedule Tribes by forest contractors / merchants.
65.2.10 📯📯📯📯 ST → Central Tribal University

- As per the 13th schedule of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, Union Govt has to
setup a tribal university each in Andhra & Telangana
- 2019: Central Tribal University will be setup in Araku of Visakhapatnam district, Andhra
65.3 WEAKER SECTION → SCHEDULED CASTES (SC: अनुसू�चत जा�त)

65.3.1 SC → Constitutional Protection
✓ Art 17: Abolish untouchability (अ�ृ�ता �नवारण )
✓ Art 23: Abolish human trafficking & bonded labour (मानव त�री और बं धुआ मजदू री)
✓ Art 25(2)(b): Entry in Hindu Temples (मं िदरों म� प्रवेश)
✓ Art 330 & 332: SC/ST reservation in Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha
✓ Art 243D & T: Reservation in PRI & ULB (�ानीय �नकायों म� आर�ण)
✓ Art 338: National Commission for Scheduled Castes (रा��ीय अनुसू�चत जा�त आयोग)
65.3.2 SC → Legal Protection

✓ 1955: Protection of Civil Rights Act (नाग�रक अ�धकारों का सं र�ण अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 1976: Bonded Labour System Abolition Act (बं धुआ मजदू र प्रणाली उ�ूलन अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 1989: Prevention of Atrocities Act for SC & ST (अ�ाचार �नवारण अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 2006: Central Educational Institutions Reservation in Admission Act
✓ 2013: Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers & their Rehabilitation Act. हाथ से मैला ढोने
वाले कम� के �प म� �नयोजन पर प्र�तबं ध तथा उनका पुनवार्स , 2013
65.3.3 SC → Census 2011 (जनगणना)

- Census 2011: 16.6% Indian Population is SC. (While 8.6% is ST)
- SC (%): Punjab > West Bengal > Himachal > UP > Haryana
- SC (Absolute figures): UP > WB > Bihar > Tamil Nadu > Andhra Pradesh > MH
- SC list is state wise. Nagaland, A&N, Lakshadweep have no notified Scheduled Castes.
65.3.4 �[YEARBOOK] Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
सामा�जक �ाय एवं सश��करण मं त्रालय Consists of... <list not exhaustive>
Dept − Dept of social Justice & empowerment.
− Dept of empowerment of persons with disabilities. (िद�ांगजन सश��करण �वभाग,
previously called �न:श� कायर् �वभाग but Modi felt it derogatory so changed
name.)
Constitutional − Art 338 : National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC: रा��ीय अनुसू�चत
Bodies जा�त आयोग)
− Art 338B: National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC: रा��ीय �पछड़ा वगर्
आयोग) via 102nd amendment Act. 2018. Originally, it was setup as a statutory
body in 1993.
Statutory − 1992: Rehabilitation Council of India Act (for PH)
− 2019: National Council for Transgender Persons (ट�ांसज�डर ��यों के �लए रा��ीय
प�रषद)
Non-statutory − National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK). Its Act expired in
2004, since then functioning as a ‘non-statutory body’ through Gazette
notification.
− National Commission for Denotified, Nomadic & Semi-Nomadic Tribes
2003, reconstituted in 2005….. 2015 formed under Chairmanship of Bhiku
Ramji Idate to prepare state-wise list of DNTs. British Govt had notified
some tribes as ‘Criminal Tribes’ under Criminal Tribes Act (CTA), 1871.
Post-Independence this act was removed & such tribes were ‘denotified’.
Most DNTs are categorized as SC/ST/OBC though a few of the DNTs are
not covered in any of these categories.
Autonomous − 2019-Feb: Development & Welfare Board for De-notified, Nomadic & Semi-
Bodies / Nomadic Communities (�वमुक्त, घुमंतू और अद्धर्घुमंतू समुदायों के �लए �वकास एवं क�ाण
Foundations बोडर्) under Society Registration Act
�ाय� सं �ाएं − Dr. Ambedkar Foundation, Babu Jagjivan Ram National Foundation
− National Institute of Social Defence (सामा�जक र�ा), Delhi
CPSE − National Scheduled Castes Finance & Development Corporation (NSFDC):
सरकारी क��नयां A ‘non-for-profit’ company under Companies Act.
− Similar Corporations for Backward Classes, Safai Karamcharis.
− Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation (ALIMCO)
Imp Days − From 2015 onwards: 26th Nov observed every year as Constitution Day,
मह�पूणर् िदवस because on 26/11/1949 Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution.
− 14th April: Dr. Ambedkar’s B’day.
Notable − Justice G. Rohini Commission: OBC-Subcategorization
committee − Justice K.G. Balakrishnan Commission: SC reservation to people who
converted to religions other than Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism. (e.g.
Islam, Christianity)
65.3.5 � [Yearbook] Ministry of Law & Justice (�व�ध और �ाय मं त्रालय)
Dept 1) Department of Legal Affairs 2) Legislative Department 3) Dept of Justice
Executive ⇒ Law Commission of India is a non-statutory non-constitutional body set up
body through gazette notification. 2020: 22nd commission formed for 3 years.
Statutory ⇒ National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) & SALSA @State to provide free
वैधा�नक सं �ाएं legal aid to poor people. (गरीबों को मु� कानूनी सहायता)
⇒ Bar Council of India to regulate lawyers
⇒ Delimitation Commission (प�रसीमन आयोग)
Constitutional ⇒ Election Commission (चुनाव आयोग)
App ⇒ Nyay Bandhu App by Department of Justice to connect poor people with
volunteer advocates willing to provide Pro Bono (=free) legal service.
⇒ Tele-Law App & helpline number to help rural & poor people in
understanding the legal issues.
Index 📊📊 Rule of Law Index (कानून का शासन सूचकांक)
⇒ By World Justice Project (WJP) a non-profit organization with offices in
USA, Singapore, & Mexico.
⇒ #1: Denmark, #2: Norway, #3: Finland, #79: India
Index focuses on nations' performance on factors such as Govt openness,
fundamental rights, civil & criminal justice & containing corruption. (सरकारी
पारद�शता, मौ�लक अ�धकार, नाग�रक और आपरा�धक �ाय और भ्र�ाचार)
✋We also have a Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (सं सदीय कायर् मं त्रालय) but no MCQ worthy stuff.
65.3.6 📯📯📯📯 SC → Welfare Schemes (क�ाणकारी योजनाएं )
Most of the following schemes are part of Centrally Sponsored Schemes → Core of the Core Scheme
→ Umbrella Program for Development of SC= NOT 100% Union funded.
Schemes - SC Scholarship, fellowship, hostel facility; loans for self-employment named
after Dr. Ambedkar, Babu Jagjivan Ram & Rajiv Gandhi but nothing
particularly 🔠🔠❓MCQ worthy.
- 2020: ₹59kcr post-matric scholarship for 4 Cr SC students in 5 years. Cost
Sharing 90:10 for Sp.Category States, 60:40 for General States. Money directly
transferred to Student account.
Biz Loans - Vanchit Ikai Samooh aur Vargon ki Aarthik Sahayta (VISVAS) Yojana: Social
Justice Ministry gives 5% loan interest subvention on business related loans
taken by SC and OBC
SCDC (1979) States encouraged to setup Scheduled Castes Development Corporations
(SCDCs) with shareholding Union:States = 49:51. Their main task is to give
concessional loans to beneficiaries
Inter caste - Dr. Ambedkar scheme for Social integration through Inter Caste Marriages
marriages - Social Justice ministry → Ambedkar foundation → gives ₹ ‘x’ lakh to a
couple in two installments if one is SC & the other spouse is non-SC.
PM Adarsh Govt to focus on villages with more than 50% Scheduled Caste (SC) population.
Gram Yojana Develop these villages through better implementation of existing schemes. (Ref:
Pillar #5: infrastructure.)
ASIIM Ambedkar Social Innovation & Incubation Mission by Social Justice ministry to
(2020) Support 1000 Startups of SC Youth over next 4 Years via venture capital fund.
Standup - Each Scheduled Commercial bank branch to give Greenfield Loans between
India ₹10 lakh and ₹1 Cr to at least 1 SC/ST and atleast 1 Woman entrepreneur
with tenure upto 7 yrs.
- Boss? FinMin’s Dept of Financial Services (�व�ीय सेवा �वभाग) (Ref📑📑Pillar#1D)
65.4 WEAKER SECTION → OBC & EWS
Economy / Schemes bullets not much. Some contemporary issues are:
65.4.1 Weaker Section → OBC Sub-categorization (ओबीसी उप-वग�करण) commission
REF: Pillar6A: 🔢🔢Census → Demand for OBC Caste Census → OBC Sub-categorization
65.4.2 Weaker Section → EWS Reservation

- 2019: 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act to provide 10% reservation to Economically Weaker
Sections (EWS: अनार��त श्रेणीम� आ�थक �प से कमजोर वगर्) among the unreserved category i.e. those not
in SC/ST/OBC list.
- Gujarat became the first state to implement the 10% EWS quota after this amendment.
- Union Social Justice ministry looks after the matters related to EWS.
66 👩👩 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → WOMEN & CHILDREN
(Introduction Template- Origin/DATA) While nearly half of the Indian population consists of
women, but despite more than 70 years of independence they are lagging behind in the men. For
example, हालांिक भारत क� आधी आबादी मिहलाओं क� है िकंतु आजादी के 70 साल बाद भी वे पु�षों के अनुपात म� �पछड़ी �ई है.
वै��क सं गठनों द्वारा बनाए गए अलग-अलग �रपोटर् म� भी यही बात प्र�ुत �ई है.
⇒ UNDP GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX, (यूएनडीपी का ल��गक असमानता सूचकांक)
o female Labour Force Participation Rate in India is less than 30%, (मिहला श्रम बल भागीदारी
दर)- Ref: Pillar4C-Unemployment.
o share in Parliament seats is less than 15%. (सं सद म� मिहलाओं क� सं �ा)
⇒ World Economic Forum's GLOBAL GENDER GAP REPORT too points towards as a similar
gloomy picture. (�व� आ�थक मं च का वै��क �लंग अंतर �रपोटर् म� भी कु छ ऐसा ही हतो�ािहत करने वाला �चत्र उभर आता है)
66.1 👩👩👩→ CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS (सं वैधा�नक सं र�ण)

✓ 14: Equality before law
✓ 15: No discrimination. But State allowed to make special provisions for women & children
✓ 15/3 : Special provision in favour of women & children
✓ 16: Equal opportunity in Govt jobs [सरकारी नौक�रयों म� समान अवसर]
✓ 23: Prohibit forced labour & human trafficking (मानव त�री)
✓ 39/D: equal pay for equal work for both men & women [एक समान कायर् के �लए एक समान वेतन]
✓ 39/A: Equal justice & Free Legal Aid [समान �ाय और मु� क़ानूनी सहायता]
✓ 42: Just & humane conditions of work & for maternity relief. [मातृ� लाभ]
✓ 44: State shall endeavour for a Uniform Civil Code (समान नाग�रक सं िहता).
✓ 46: State to promote educational & economic interests of the weaker sections, & protect them
from social injustice & exploitation. [कमज़ोर वगर् को सामा�जक अ�ाय और शोषण से बचाना]
✓ 47: raise nutrition level & standard of living of people [पोषण और जीवन �र बेहतर करना]
✓ 51/A/e: Duty to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women
✓ 243: 1/3rd reservation to women in PRI / ULBs. [Some states have already kept even higher- 50%
reservation e.g. Gujarat, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh]
66.2 👩👩👩→ LEGAL PROVISIONS (कानूनी सं र�ण)

✓ 1860: Indian Penal Code: Section Rape (376), Dowry torture (498-A), Sexual Harassment (509).
SC removed ‘Section 497: Adultery(��भचार) in 2018.
✓ 1952: Cinematograph Act 1952 → Censor board prohibits glorification of violence against
women in films. But, Over-the-Top (OTT) video streaming service / Online Curated Content
Providers like NETFLIX, HOTSTAR, Amazon prime etc are outside the purview of traditional
censors certification. So, 2019: supreme court directed Union Govt to regulate such content.
✓ 1956: Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, amended in 1986
✓ 1986: Indecent Representation of Women (Prevention) Act
✓ 1961: Dowry Prohibition Act (दहेज �नषेध अ�ध�नयम), amended in 1986
✓ 1961: Maternity Benefit Act (मातृ� लाभ अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 1971: Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act
✓ 1976: Equal Remuneration Act (समान पा�रश्र�मक अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 1986: Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act
✓ 1987: Sati (Prevention) Act
✓ 1990: National Commission for Women Act [रा��ीय मिहला आयोग]
✓ 1992: Infant Milk Substitutes & Feeding Bottles & Infant food Act
✓ 1994: Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection)-
PCPNDT Act [गभर् के �लंग परी�ण को रोकने के �लए क़ानून]
✓ 2000: Juvenile Justice Care & Protection of Children Act & its amendment in 2015
✓ 2005: Commission for Protection of Child Rights Act [बाल अ�धकार सुर�ा आयोग]
✓ 2005: Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (घरेलू िहसं ा अ�ध�नयम)
✓ 2006: Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, replaced previous Act of 1929.
✓ 2012 : The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act
✓ 2013: Prevention of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (POSH) Act. [Related term:
Supreme Court’s Vishakha guidelines 1997 to deal with sexual harassment of women at
workplace]. [यौन उ�ीड़न के �ख़लाफ़ सव�� ायालय के �वशाखा िदशा �नद�श]
✓ 2019: Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 / Triple Talaq ban
✓ 1st August celebrated as “Muslim Women Rights Day”. because Triple Talaq was outlawed on
this day in 2019.
66.2.1 Women → Global cooperation: Beijing+25
- 1995: UN World Conference on Women, Beijing, China → Beijing Declaration
- 2010: UN setup a body called “UN Women” (HQ: New York)
- 2020: marks 25 years so, Beijing+25 revise exercise by UN Women.
66.3 👩👩👩WOMEN →→ CENSUS-2011 [जनगणना 2011]

- Sex ratio higher than All India 943: Kerala > Pudu > TN > Andhra > Chhattisgarh
- Lowest sex ratio: Daman-Diu < Dadra-Nagar < Chandigarh < Delhi < Andaman < Haryana <
J&K < Sikkim < Punjab.
66.4 👩👩👩�[YEARBOOK] MINISTRY OF WOMEN & CHILD DEVELOPMENT
मिहला एवं बाल �वकास मं त्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>

Dept,Attached,CPSE N/A or not MCQ worthy
Statutory Bodies - National Commission for Women (NCW:रा�ी� य मिहला आयोग)
वैधा�नक सं �ा - National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR:रा��ीय बाल अ�धकार
सं र�ण आयोग)
- Central Adoption Resource Agency (CARA:क� द्रीय द�क ग्रहण सं साधन प्रा�धकरण):
originally autonomous body later given statutory status under Juvenile Justice
Act 2015
Autonomous �ाय� - Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK), Central Social Welfare Board
सं �ा - National Institute of Public Cooperation & Child Development
Intl. Org अंतररा��ीय - UN specialized agency: United Nations International Children's Emergency
Fund (UNICEF) setup in 1946, HQ: New York, USA.
2001: National Policy for the Empowerment of Women. New policy in 2016 but still in ‘draft’ stage.
- International Women’s Day : 8th March. WCD Ministry gives annual Nari Shakti Puraskar
Awards named after Rani Rudramma Devi, Rani Gaidinliu Zeliang, Mata Jijabai, Kannagi Devi,
Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar.
66.5 👶👶>👧👧 SON-META PREFERENCE (पुत्री के बाद पुत्र क� चाह)
Due to strict implementation of Pre-Conception & Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act
in India, the sex-selective abortion of female foetus have become difficult.
− So, couples have adopted a different strategy where they’ll continue to produce children until
desired number of sons are born. Economic Survey 2017-18 used the term ‘Son Meta-
Preference’ to describe this phenomenon. [जब तक बेटा नहीं पैदा होता तब तक माँ बाप ब�े पैदा करते रहे]
− According to this survey, there are 21 million+ ‘unwanted girls’ in India.
66.5.1 👶👶>👧👧=😰😰 Son Meta Preference: why bad?
− As such girls & women are neglected in their food & health needs. Majority of them suffer from
Anaemia & malnutrition. When wife is often forced to produce more children to have a son →
detrimental to her health → high MMR. (भोजन �श�ा और �ा� म� बेिटयों क� अवहेलना)
− Since daughters seen as burden, poor parents are keen to marry them off as soon as possible.
Child Marriages → early pregnancy before the age of 19→ high MMR.
− Girl married off early → she becomes mother at early age → can’t pursue higher studies / career
ambitions → low Labour Force Participation Rate. (छोटी उम्र म� शादी)
− Economic Survey 2017-18 noted Economic Development is not an antidote to gender inequality
or Son Meta preference because per-capita income & GSDP wise Punjab is better than North
Eastern states YET Punjab’s gender indices (sex ratio, violence against women) etc. are pathetic.
− As a result, India lags behind in UNDP’s GII Index & WEF’s Global Gender Gap report.
66.5.2 👣👣📅📅 JAYA Jaitley Task Force for ⏫marriage age 4girls
⇒ 1929: Sharda Act - Minimum age of marriage was 15 for girls → 1978 ⏫to 18
⇒ 2020-Feb: Budget- Finance minister observed: to ⏫ nutrition, higher education, career
opportunities & to ⏬MMR, TFR, we need to re-examine the minimum of marriage /
motherhood. we'll setup a taskforce for this. (लड़िकयों क� शादी क� �ूनतम आयु म� बढ़ोतरी)
⇒ 2020: Ministry of Women and Child Development setup Jaya Jaitley taskforce → Prohibition of
Child Marriage (Amendment) Bill, 2021 to raise the age of legal marriage for girls from 18 to 21.
66.6 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → UNDP → GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX (GII)

In UNDP’s Annual Human Development Report, �लंग असमानता सूचकांक (GII) measures inequality
between women & men in 3 dimensions
3 Dimensions Indicators & Data: 2020’s Report → India Denmark
Note: these datasets copied from UNDP report.
They may not always match with 📙📙📙📙ES21or
NITI Data. [यहाँ पर आंकड़े अंतररा�ी� य �रपोटर् से �लए ह� वो
अपने सरकारी �रपोटर् के आँकड़ो से थोड़े अलग हो सकते ह� ]
1) Reproductive Maternal Mortality Ratio: Number of deaths 133 4
Health due to pregnancy-related causes per 100,000
(प्रजनन �ा�) live births. [मातृ मृ�ु अनुपात]
Adolescent Birth Rate: Number of births to 17 2
women aged 15–19 per 1,000 women in that age
2) % of females aged 25/> who at least enrolled till 42% (for 95% (for men
Empowerment Secondary Education [कम से कम मा��मक �र तक men 47%) also 95%)
सश��करण दा�ख़ला]
Share of seats in parliament 13% 40%
3) Labour Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR:श्रम श�� 19% (for 57% (for men
Market [श्रम क� भागीदारी दर ) Proportion of the females (15 men its its 67%)
बाज़ार म� मिहलाओं years/>) who’re employed or seeking work as a 70%)
क� ��त] % of the total female working-age population.
Plug above values in GII formula, you get score → 0.490 0.013
Based on score, you give ranks India#122 Denmark#1
- Lower GII score = less inequality = better rank will be given.
- 2021-22’s Ranking: #1: Denmark, #2: Norway, #3: Switzerland, #122: India…... Yemen #170.
- India’s rank has improved from last report #123 (in 2020) to #122 (in 2021-22)
- While UNDP’s HDI index ranked 191 nations, GII covers 170, due to lack of data for some
nations / some nations don’t have system of parliament with women seats.
66.7 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → WEF → GLOBAL GENDER GAP REPORT

Annual report by the World Economic Forum since 2006, to measure
Gender Gap Across Four Pillars & India’s Rank → 2021 2022
1) Economic Opportunity: Female labour force participation rate, 151 143
wage equality, number of women in managerial / senior executive
position. (आ�थक अवसर)
2) Educational Attainment: female literacy, enrollment rate at 114 107
primary secondary tertiary level (�श�ा प्रा��)
3) Health & Survival: Life Expectancy at Birth, Sex Ratio. 155 146
4) Political Empowerment: How many females in Parliament, how 51 48
many ministers, how many became Prime Minister or President?
Overall Rank of India → 140 135
Bottom Ranker [सब से �न� �र पर यह देश है] Afghani Afghani
(156) (146)
Top Ranker = Iceland since last 13 years. Iceland Iceland
2021’s report found 1) It will take more than 135 years to bridge the gap between male and female
development. 2) Corona has increased in the jobloss and gender gap for women.
66.7.1 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → OECD’s SIGI Report

⇒ Social Institutions & Gender Index prepared by OECD since 2007. Although not annually
updated. It measures various types of discrimination faced by women at home & in the society.
Nations are classified into Very low level of discrimination to very high level. [मिहलाओं सेघर म� और
समाज म� िकस प्रकार के भेदभाव िकए जाते ह�]
⇒ Ranking? Poor Cost:Benefit in preparing it.
66.7.2 👩👩👩📊📊 Gender Indices → Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI)

⇒ United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) started for the first time in 2020
⇒ It measures how the public's own social beliefs obstruct gender equality in politics, work, &
education. (�लंग समानता के बारे म� जनता क� मा�ताएं और पूवार्ग्रह मिहला सश��करण को असर करती है)
⇒ 90% of world people & 98% of Indians hold one bias against females e.g. men are better political
/business leaders than women etc.
⇒ Consequently, women will suffer in 4 indices: 1) political empowerment, 2) educational
empowerment, 3) economic empowerment 4) physical integrity
⇒ NUMBER OF female heads of country ⏬ (e.g. British PM Theresa May replaced by a male,
South Korea & Brazil’s female presidents impeached/removed for corruption)
⇒ Ranking? Poor Cost:Benefit in preparing it.
66.8 👩👩👩📊📊 SDG GOAL #5: GENDER EQUALITY & EMPOWERMENT

India’s Baseline for SDG Goal#5 Target-2030
Sex Ratio at birth: 898 females / 1000 males 954. Chhattisgarh &
ज� के समय पर �लंग अनुपात Kerala achieved
Ratio of female : male wages for equal work: 0.7 1
% of women in 15-49 age who experience domestic violence: 33% 0
% of women in 15-49 age using modern family planning methods: 54% 100%
Percentage of seats won by women in Lok Sabha & Vidhan Sabha: 9% 50%
Ratio of femaleLFPR to maleLFPR = 0.32 1
66.9 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯 WOMEN SCHEMES → HEALTH
Umbrella ICDS Seen in health section. Core Scheme: not 100% funded by Union.
By WCD Ministry Its sub-components include:
1. Anganwadi Services Scheme
2. PM Matru Vandana Yojana (₹5k + ₹1k for birth of 1st child)
3. SABLA: Scheme for Adolescent Girls (11-18 years)
4. POSHAN Abhiyan
5. National Creche Scheme (�शशु-गृह): to setup Creches for working women.
6. Child Protection Scheme: for children in difficult circumstances.
Janani Suraksha Seen in health section. BPL mothers given conditional ₹ ₹ for delivering child
Yojana By Health in public hospital. No limit on age or number of children.
Ministry
Stree Swabhiman - Ministry of Electronics & IT’s Common Service Centres (CSC) will
provide affordable sanitary napkins to females in rural areas.
- MEITY will also help village level entrepreneur & self help groups to
manufacture sanitary napkins.
- Generate awareness about menstrual hygiene among girls etc.
Udaan - Rajasthan State Govt scheme for free sanitary napkins for all woman
66.10👩👩👩📯📯📯📯 WOMEN SCHEMES → BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO (2015)
All India Child Sex Ratio (CSR: 0-6 years) ⏬ from 927 (2001) → 919 (2011). So, 2015: BBBP
launched to improve it by targeting 161 districts with lowest CSRs.
⇒ Boss? WCD Ministry with coordinated efforts of Health Ministry, HRD/EDU Ministry.
⇒ Stronger enforcement of PCPNDT Act to stop female infanticide.
⇒ Digital Guddi-Gudda Board to display birth statistics of boy : girl births in a given district.
⇒ HRD/EDU ministry: separate toilets for girls in schools.
⇒ Information Education Communication (IEC), campaigns in TV, Radio, Social Media etc.
⇒ Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana: Bank savings account in the name of girl child that offers more
interest rate than ordinary bank accounts. Interest rates decided by Dept of Economic Affairs.
(Ref: Pillar1D: Financial Inclusion → Small Savings Schemes).
⇒ UDAAN: CBSE’s scheme to give free coaching for girls in entrance exams of IIT etc
⇒ PRAGATI: AICTE’s scholarship to girls who qualify in entrance exams of IIT/ technical courses.
⇒ Gender Champions scheme: WCD Ministry → Boys & girls aged 16 years/> nominated as
‘Gender Champions’. They’ll try to spread awareness in their school / college / society for gender
sensitization, dignity & respect for women etc.
66.10.1 👩👩: 👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻 Atama-Nirbhar: PM GARIB KALYAN → Women will benefit, how?
Table 1: plus, many other initiatives refer to respective pillars for more!
⇒ ₹500 per month x 3 months=₹1500 to 20 crore women PM Jan Dhan Bank
accounts. (April, May, June 2020)
⇒ (Single time) ₹1,000 to 3 crore poor senior citizen, poor widows & poor
disabled
Social
��Further, male & female workers will benefit from following
Security
⇒ If worker earning <₹15,000 per month in a firm with <100 workers → Govt
(More in 📑📑
will pay 24% of his monthly wages into his EPFO account for next 3 months.
Pillar#1D)
⇒ EPFO workers can withdraw xx% from their account for next 3 months.
⇒ ₹50 lakh insurance cover for health workers involved in managing the
Coronavirus such as doctors, nurses, paramedical staff, ASHA workers etc. for
the next 90 days.
📑📑1D:Loans Women Self Help Groups (SHGs) to be given ₹20 lakh collateral free loans.
MGNREGA ��MNREGA wage ⏫ from ₹182/day to ₹202
Food/ ⇒ (Pillar6A: Malnutrition) PM Garib Kalyan Ann (अ�) Yojana
Cooking ⇒ (📑📑Pill: 5A) PM-Ujjwala LPG
66.11👩👩 📯📯📯📯 WOMEN SCHEMES→ VIOLENCE / SKILLING / MISC.
In following table, by default the boss is WCD Ministry, unless mentioned otherwise:
SHe-Box (2017) − Online portal where Women employees (both in public & private sector
jobs) can register sexual harassment complaints. → Govt initiates action
under the POSH Act 2013. [यौन उ�ीड़न के �ख़लाफ़ �शकायत के �लए]
Helpline (2015) − Women Helpline Scheme Number: 181
Pradhan Mantri − Petroleum Ministry gives free LPG connection for BPL women. 📑📑Ref:
Ujjawala Yojana Pillar#5: Infra handout
Ujjawala Scheme − WCD Ministry scheme for women-children trafficking / prostitution
(2007) − Prevention, rescue & rehabilitation of victims: send them to shelter homes
or reconnect with family, give skill training to former prostitutes etc.
Swadhar Greh − To setup 1 Swadhar Greh Shelter home in each district to provide shelter,
Scheme food, clothing & skill training for women in distress.
Sakhi One Stop − Setup using ₹ ₹ from Nirbhaya Fund. These centres provide assistance to
Centres (2015) women victims of domestic abuse / rape / prostitution / trafficking etc.
(and depending on case they may be sent to Swadhar Greh Shelter homes
or reconnected with family.)
PM Mahila − This is for all women who want to enroll in Govt schemes - be it for
Shakti Kendra education, skill, entrepreneurship, LPG connection etc.
(2017) − NCC/NSS/Students are placed as ‘Volunteers’ in these centres to help
women fill up forms etc.
STEP (1986) for − ‘Support to Training & Employment Programme for Women (STEP)
skilling − Girls aged 16/> are given skill training & support for Agriculture,
Horticulture, Food Processing, Handlooms, Tailoring, Stitching,
Embroidery, Zari etc, Handicrafts, Computer, spoken English, Gems &
Jewellery, Travel & Tourism, Hospitality etc.
Entrepre- − Social Justice Ministry: National Backward Classes Finance &
neurship Development Corporation (NBCFDC) → Mahila Samriddhi Yojana →
उद्य�मता
Concessional Loans for female entrepreneurs.
− Department of Financial Services → credit guarantee through NCGTC ltd
→ Standup India: SC/ST & Women entrepreneurs given loans from 10
lakh to 1 cr in each SCB Bank branch.
− MSMS Ministry: Public procurement quota for women entrepreneurs’
Micro & Small Enterprises.
#www: Web- − WCD Ministry’s online campaign to recognize women who did good
Wonder Women work through social media. Any Indian origin woman working anywhere
in the world is eligible.
66.12👩👩👩💰💰 🗄🗄:📯📯📯📯 WOMEN FUNDS
Rashtriya - Autonomous body registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860.
Mahila Kosh Chairman? WCD Minister.
(1993) - It gives loan ₹ to Microfinance institutes → loans to women self-help
groups so they can achieve economic independence. (लघु �वत/सू� ऋण)
Nirbhaya Fund - Non-lapsable fund administered by the Dept of Economic Affairs of the
(2013) Finance ministry.
- Govt dept / NGOs propose women safety projects to WCD ministry (e.g.
CCTV cameras, panic button in public buses etc) → ₹ ₹ given from
Nirbhaya Fund.
66.12.1 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯- 3 Umbrella Schemes to cover all women schemes

2021-March, Ministry of Women and Child Development announced that existing schemes will be
clubbed into 3 umbrella schemes. Reason? More effective monitoring & implementation.
प्रभावी �प से �नगरानी और अमल करने के �लए वतर्मान योजनाओं को तीन छतरी योजनाओं के नीचे वग�कृ त िकया गया है
Sr Umbrella Scheme Schemes included
1. Saksham Anganwadi and ICDS and its components like - Anganwadi Services,
POSHAN 2.0 Poshan Abhiyan, Scheme for Adolescent Girls, National
मिहला िकशोरी और ब�ों के �लए- Creche Scheme
भोजन पोषण इ�ा�द
2. Mission VATSALYA Child Protection Services and Child Welfare Services.
बाल सुर�ा और क�ाण 📑📑More in Pill#6C weaker section
3. Mission Shakti (Mission for A. SAMBAL (One Stop Centre, Mahila Police
Protection and Empowerment Volunteer, Women's
for Women) मिहला सुर�ा और Helpline/Swadhar/Ujjawala/Widow Homes etc.)
सश��करण B. SAMARTHYA (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao, Creche,
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana/ Gender
Budgeting/Research.
66.12.2 👩👩👩✍ Women / Gender Development: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्)
− Sustainable Development Goal SDG# 5 requires India to achieve gender equality & empower all
women & girls. Both human & economic development of India, it’s imperative that we address
the rampant gender inequality in India on war-footing. OR
− While Beti Bachao Beti Padhao & Sukanya Samridhi Yojana are important steps in gender
empowerment, yet, India’s poor ranking in the global report indicates that Govt schemes alone
can’t ⏬ the gender inequality until the collective will & mindset of Indian society is changed.
(के वल सरकारी कदमो से कु छ नहीं होगा सामूिहक इ�ाश��, समाज क� मान�सकता बदलने क� भी ज�रत है)
66.13 👶👶 WEAKER SECTION → CHILDREN (बालक ब�े)
66.13.1 👶👶 → Constitutional Protection

✓ Art. 15/3 : No discrimination but special provision in favour of women & children allowed.
✓ **21A: Right to free & compulsory education for children aged 6-14.
✓ Art. 23: Prohibition of human trafficking & bonded labour. [मानव त�री और बं धुआ मज़दू री]
✓ Art. 24: Prohibition of child labour in factory, mine or any other hazardous occupation.
✓ Art. 39 (f): State shall ensure that Children are given opportunities for healthy development &
protected against exploitation, moral & material abandonment.
✓ Art. 45: State to provide early childhood care & education for all children.
✓ **51A(k): Fundamental duty of parents & guardians to provide right to education for 6-14 aged
children. (माता-�पता और अ�भभावक का मौ�लक कतर्� है ब�ों क� �श�ा) **inserted by 86th Amendment, 2002
66.13.2 👶👶 → Legal Protection
 1986: Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act. → Amendment in 2016: <14 aged can’t be
employed anywhere except TV/ Cinema /Sports (but not circus) & Non hazardous family
enterprise work after school hours. Adolescents (aged 14 to 18) can be employed but only in
non-hazardous work. (बाल मजदू री प्र�त बं धन)
 2000: Juvenile Justice Care & Protection of Children Act (िकशोर �ाय देखभाल और ब�ों का सं र�ण
अ�ध�नयम). Replaced by new Act in 2015 → gives Juvenile Justice Board certain powers against the
16-18 y.o child offenders who commit heinous offences (जघ� अपराध) like rape & murder.
 2005: National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) Act in 2005, setup in
2007. [बाल अ�धकारों क� र�ा के �लए रा��ीय आयोग]
 2006: Prohibition of Child Marriage Act. Replaced earlier act of 1929. (बाल�ववाह प्र�तबं ध)
 2012: Protection of Children against Sexual Offences Act (POCSO: यौन अपराधों के �खलाफ ब�ों का
सं र�ण)
 2015: Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA: क� द्रीय द�क ग्रहण सं साधन प्रा�धकरण). It was
originally set up as an autonomous body but given statutory status in 2015, under the Juvenile
Justice Act & given certain powers to enforce Hague convention on protection of children
during inter-country adoption. CARA falls under WCD Ministry.
66.13.3 👶👶 📯📯📯📯 HRD Weaker Section → Children → Orphan in Corona
PM CARES for - �Boss? Women and Child Development Ministry
Children Scheme - To identify the children who lost both the parents during Corona, and
help them [कोरोना म� अनाथ �ए ब�ों क� मदद करो योजना]
- They’ll be given free Education in School, Eligible for PM-JAY: ₹5
lakh health insurance, Interest free loans for higher education etc.
Bal Swaraj portal National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) Bal Swaraj
portal for children in need of care and protection. And it is also used for
helping children/orphans who lost both their parents in Corona.
66.13.4 👶👶 📯📯📯📯 HRD Weaker Section → Children → Misc. Portal/GK

For the health / education schemes, refer to previous sections of Handout 📑📑6B
Carings Portal WCD Ministry → CARA’s portal for adoption of orphans.
Khoya-Paya Portal WCD Ministry’s portal for missing children information.
Pencil Portal Labour Ministry portal for child labour complaints
Pocso E-box National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)’s portal for
child sex abuse complaints. (ब�ों का यौन शोषण)
Children’s Day - India celebrates on 14th November, Nehru’s B’day.
बाल िदवस - UN celebrates on 20th November
Hausala 2018 Sports / Drama / Arts Competition of orphans, abandoned children living
in Child Care Institutions by WCD Ministry @ Delhi.
Policies - 2013: National Child Policy. [रा��ीय बाल नी�त]
- 2018: (draft) National Child Protection Policy - against sexual abuse.
📊📊Ranking/Report - State of the World’s Children 2021 Report Released by UNICEF.
66.14 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → PH (♿)
Boss? Social Justice Ministry → Dept of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (िद�ांगजन
सश��करण �वभाग)
66.14.1 ♿ PH → Constitutional Protection:
- Art. 16: Equal opportunity in Govt jobs. (सरकारी नौक�रयों म� समान अवसर)
- Art. 41: The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity make effective provision for
the right to work, right to education & right to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old
age, sickness & disablement. [बेरोज़गार, बुजुगर्, बीमार और अपािहजों/ �वकलांग क� सहायता सरकार का कतर्�]
- Art. 46: State to promote educational & economic interests of the weaker sections, & protect
them from social injustice & exploitation. [कमज़ोर वगर् को सामा�जक अ�ाय और शोषण से बचाना]
- 7th Sch: State List Entry 9: Relief of the disabled & unemployable.
66.14.2 ♿ PH → Legal Protection:
- 1987: Mental Health Act (मान�सक �ा� कानून)
- 1992: Rehabilitation Council of India Act (भारतीय पुनवार्स प�रषद अ�ध�नयम).- A statutory body under
Social Justice Ministry.
- 1999: National Trust for the Welfare of Persons with. Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental
Retardation & Multiple Disabilities Act
- 1995: Persons with Disabilities Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights & Full Participation
Act (replaced with new act in 2016, given below)
- 2016: Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act: (िद�ांग अ�धकारअ�ध�नयम 2016) It increases PH
reservation from 3% to 4%, & recognizes new types of disabilities like Acid Attack victim, Sickle
Cell disease etc. <Full list given below>
Legally recognized Disabilities: →
✓ Blindness, Low-vision ✓ Muscular Dystrophy
✓ Mute / Speech & Language disability ✓ Chronic Neurological conditions,
✓ Hearing Impairment (deaf & hard of Parkinson's disease, Specific Learning
hearing), Locomotor Disability, Dwarfism Disabilities, Multiple Sclerosis
✓ Leprosy Cured persons, Intellectual ✓ Thalassemia, Hemophilia, Sickle Cell
Disability, Mental Illness disease
✓ Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy ✓ Acid Attack victim
66.14.3 ♿ 📯📯📯📯 PH → Welfare schemes
Ministry of Social Justice runs following schemes →
Scheme features
Sugamya Bharat 2015: launched to make the public buildings & websites more accessible to
Accessible India PH. Ref: Pillar#5 Infra
ADIP - Assistance to Disabled Persons for purchase of Fitting Devices (ADIP)
(2005) e.g. Tricycles, Wheelchairs, Crutches, Walking Sticks, Brail kits,
Hearing Aids etc
- Social Justice Ministry → Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation
of India (ALIMCO) implements it.
DDRS Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS)
(1999) - It has subschemes like Samarth, Nirmaya, Sahyogi, Gharaunda, Gyan
Prabha, Uddyam Prabha etc. for scholarships for students with
disabilities, Skill training, rehabilitation, awareness generation etc.
66.15 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION: ELDERLY, DRUG ADDICTS
Social justice ministry is also responsible for ‘social defense’ (सामा�जक सुर�ा)…
66.15.1 👴👴 Elderly (��)
- Senior citizen is a person aged 60 / >

- 2007: Maintenance & Welfare of Parents & Senior Citizens Act. Children / heirs can’t abandon
elderly, else penalty through special tribunals.
- 2012: National Council of Senior Citizens (NCSrC) headed by Minister of Social Justice &
Empowerment. Neither statutory nor constitutional but set up via gazette notification.
- 2017: Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana: Social Justice Ministry → Artificial Limbs Manufacturing
Corporation (ALIMCO) gives free assisted living devices such as Walking Sticks, Crutches, Hearing
Aids, Wheelchairs, Artificial Dentures & Spectacles at FREE of cost to BPL senior citizens only.
- 2017: Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana: LIC guaranteed return scheme that we learned in
Pillar#1: Insurance.
- 2021: Atal Vayo Abhyuday Yojana [National Action Plan for Senior Citizens]= Social Justice
Ministry’s umbrella scheme for financial security, healthcare and nutrition, shelter and welfare,
protection of life and property, etc. [बुजगु � क� आ�थक सुर�ा, �ा�, आवास, जीवन तथा सं प�� क� र�ा इ�ा�द के �लए
सामा�जक �ाय मं त्रालय िक छतरी योजना]
- 2021: Social Justice Ministry’s Poshan Abhiyan for the Elderly to combat malnutrition to the elders,
who are not staying in the Old Age Homes and are victims of severe malnutrition, by serving hot-
cooked mid-day meals using Gram Panchayats and Urban Municipalities using ₹₹ from Senior
Citizens Welfare Fund. [जो गरीब बुजगु र् वृद्धाश्रम म� नहीं रहते, िकं�ु अ�ं त कु पोषण से पी�ड़त ह� उ�� ग्राम पं चायत और शहरी
नगरपा�लका क� मदद से दोपहर को गमर् खाना �दया जाए- उस वा�े सामा�जक �ाय मं त्रालय का पोषण अ�भयान]
📆📆 Notable Days - 1st October: International Day for Older Persons (Social Justice ministry
organized “Vayo Naman Program” to honor them)
- 2020-2030: United Nations Decade of Healthy Ageing
� SACRED Portal To help senior citizens to find jobs. Boss? Social Justice Ministry
👴👴 SAGE Initiative - �Boss? Social Justice Ministry
�ाटर्अप कं प�नयों को बुजगु � क� - Use Startup companies to help senior citizens. (e.g. delivering food,
मदद करो योजना medicine, home care etc)
- Senior care Ageing Growth Engine (SAGE) project
♿ Unique Disability - �Boss? Divyangjan Department [�वकलांगों को एक और नया काडर् दे दो योजना]
Identification (UDID) - It is a photo ID card for physically handicapped persons So they can
Card benefit from various government schemes
🤲🤲 SMILE Scheme - �Boss? Social Justice Ministry
[�भखा�रयों को कौशल रोज़गार - Beggars rehabilitation program
देके पुनः �ापन करो योजना] - SMILE scheme (Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood
and Enterprise scheme).
Conclusion? XYZ issue need to be address to ⏫ older persons' well being, dignity & participation in
social, cultural, economic and civic and political life (वृद्धो क� प्र�त�ा और स��लयत, वृद्धो क� सामा�जक, सां�ृ�तक, आ�थक
और नाग�रक और राजनी�तक जीवन म� भागीदारी के �लए कदम उठाना ज�री )
66.15.2 🍻🍻 Drug Addicts (नशे के लती/ नशेड़ी)

- Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act (NDPS-1985: �ापक औष�ध एवं मन:प्रभावी पदाथर्
अ�धनयम) contains provisions for punishment for drug-peddlers & rehabilitation of drug addicts.
66.16👭👭��WEAKER SECTION: LGBT (समल��गक और िक�र)
- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer & intersex (LGBTQI)

- 2018: Supreme Court declares Indian Penal Code (IPC) Section 377 unconstitutional.
Consensual homosexual acts between consenting adults are decriminalized.
- 2019: Akhil Bhartiya Kinnar Siksha Seva Trust (a non-Govt body) announced setting up India’s
first university for transgender in Fazilnagar in Kushinagar district in UP (Uttar Pradesh).
- 😷😷 2020: Manipur NGO’s initiative “Khudol (gift)” for giving food, medicine, & quarantine
facility material to LGBTQI+ & HIV community during Corona Crisis. It’s listed among top-10
global initiatives for an inclusive fight against Corona, by UN.
66.16.1 � National Council for Transgender Persons (NCTP: ट�ांसज�डर ��यों के �लए रा��ीय प�रषद)
2016: Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill → became Act in 2019. to prohibit
discrimination against them in education / employment / residence; National Council for
Transgender (NCT) for their welfare. While SC earlier directed Govt to give reservation to TG but
bill did not have it.
⇒ NCPT is a statutory body under Transgender Persons Protection of Rights Act, 2019
⇒ Chairman = Union Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment
⇒ Vice Chairman= Union Minister of state for Social Justice & Empowerment (उपा��)
⇒ representatives of various Ministries/Departments, NHRC & NCW, State Govt/UT, NGOs.
⇒ Five representatives of transgender community.
⇒ Non ex-officio members will have 3 years tenure.
⇒ More details about the functions & responsibilities prepared from CA-PDF/Polity courses.
67 ��
� � 🌿🌿 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Introduction: Human development measures the ‘richness’ of human life, rather than measuring
‘richness’ of the economy. It stands on three foundations 1) To live a healthy & creative life 2) to be
knowledgeable 3) A decent standard of living. मानव �वकास अथर्�व�ा क� ’समृ�द्ध’ को मापने के बजाय मानव जीवन
क� ‘समृ�द्ध ’को मापता है। यह तीन नींवों पर खड़ा है 1) एक �� और रचना�क जीवन जीना 2) �श�ा हाँसील करना 3) एक अ�ा
जीवन �र हाँसील करना ।
As per NCERT: Four pillars of human development are Equity, Sustainability, Productivity &
Empowerment. Four approches (��कोण) to human development are:
Approch Description (वणर्न)
1. Income - Oldest approch. Higher income = higher human development. (आय
Approach ��कोण)
2. Welfare - People are not participants in development but only passive recipients.
Approach - higher Govt expenditure on education, health, social services etc welfare
⇒ क�ाण ��कोण scheme required to help them.
3. Basic needs - by International Labour Organisation (ILO).
⇒ बु�नयादी ज�रत� - Six basic needs: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation, &
housing need to be focused
4. Capability - By Prof. Amartya Sen: Govt should focus on building human capabilities
Approach in health, education & access to resources (such as jobs, loans etc) = ⏫
⇒ �मता ��कोण human development.
🔠🔠❓Which of following are the 4 pillars of human development? (UPSC-CDS-i-2020)
a) Equity, inclusion, productivity & empowerment
b) Equity, productivity, empowerment & sustainability
c) Productivity, gender, inclusion & equity
d) Labour, productivity, inclusion & equity
🔠🔠❓Which one of the following approaches of human development was initially proposed by
the International Labour Organisation (ILO) and emphasised on health, education, food, water
supply, sanitation and housing ? (UPSC-CDS-2021-i)
(a) Welfare approach (b) Basic needs approach (c) Income approach (d) Capability approach
67.1 📊📊📊📊 UNDP’S HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT (मानव �वकास �रपोटर्)

- New York: United Nations → Economic & Social Council (ECOSOC) → United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP:सं यु� रा�� वकास कायर्क्रम) prepares this annual report since 1990,
based formula devised by Economists Mahbub ul Haq (Pak) & Amartya Sen (India). Mahbub ul
Haq was the first to give human dev concept
Published in THEMES
2020-Dec next frontier human development and anthropocene. [Earth’s history is
divided into time series known as eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages.
Officially the current epoch is called 'Holocene' (began approx 11,000 yrs ago)
although unofficially called Anthropocene - to mark the impact of human
activity.]
2021 No report published
2022-Sept “Uncertain times, unsettled lives Shaping our future in a transforming world”
It covers period from 2021-22
UNDP’s report provides FIVE indices of Human Development viz.

FIVE INDICES (started 2021-22 Report (Released in Sept’22)
from) #1-5 🧔🧔 India #bottom
1990: Human 1.Swiz 132 191: South
Development Index (HDI) 2.Norway (In previous Sudan
3.Iceland report it was 131
4.HongKong so declined.)
5.Australia
2010: Multidimensional India 16.4% people are poor.
Poverty Index (MPI). It For remaining details refer to Handout: Poverty.
doesn’t give ‘rank’ but % of
poor people.
(Ref: Poverty section)
2010: Gender Inequality #1: Denmark 122 170: Yemen
Index (GII) (Ref: Women #2: Norway (last time 123 so
section) 3: Switzerland improved)
FIVE INDICES (started 2021-22 Report (Released in Sept’22)
from) #1-5 🧔🧔 India #bottom
�लंग असमानता सूचकांक
2014: Gender Development - Group#1: Norway, Iceland, Sweden etc
Index (GDI). Doesn’t give - Group#5: India, Niger, Chad etc.
‘rank’, it clubs nations into
group 1 to 5
2010: Inequality Adjusted Not important / poor cost benefit in chasing it for exam
HDI
67.1.1 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Human Development Index (HDI:मानव �वकास सूचकांक)
It’s the geometric average of three basic dimensions of human development:
Table 2: पैदा होता → पढ़ता → पैसे कमाता
Dimension Indicators 🧔🧔 Swiz.
India
Healthy Life Life expectancy at birth yrs (आयु सं भा�वता) 67.2 84
(before
corona it
was 69
yrs)
Knowledge Expected years of schooling 17 12
�ान Mean years of schooling 14 7
Standard of Per capita gross national income (GNI:सकल रा��ीय प्र�त �� $6,590
$66,933
Living आय) in US$ (PPP Exchange rate @2017)
(जीवन �र)
Plug above values in HDI formula you get HDI score between 0.000 to 0.633 0.962
1.000 (higher score is better)→
Based on above HDI Scores,
- Nations are given rank: Swiz. #1, India #132 in 2021-22’s Report (published in 2022-Sept)
- Nations are clubbed into groups: 1) Very High Human Development (उ�तम मानव �वकास)2) High
Human Development 3) Medium Human Dev (India is here) 4) Low Human Development. ‘
🔠🔠❓MCQ. Which one of the following educational development indicators is currently used by UNDP to
construct the Human Development Index ? (UPSC-CAPF-2020)
(a) Level of Literacy (b) Gross Enrolment Ratio (c) Mean Years of Schooling (d) Dropout rate
67.1.2 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Inequality Adjusted HDI

- Since HDI is a geometric mean, it hides internal inequality of a country. So, using another
formula, UNDP will adjust the HDI score with inequality among rich & poor in those 3
dimensions. [एक ही देश के भीतर अमीरों और गरीबों के बीच मानव �वकास म� िकतनी असमानता है?]
- So while India’s HDI score = 0.633 but inequality adjusted HDI (असमानता समायो�जत मानव �वकास
सूचकांक)= 0.475. Lower score = more inequality. Separate rank is given but NOTIMP.
67.1.3 📊📊📊📊 UNDP → Gender Development Index (GDI: ल��गक �वकास सूचकांक)
It’s simply the (Female HDI) divided by (Male HDI) for a given country. (पु�षों के अनुपात म� मिहलाओं का
मानव �वकास अनुपात िकतना है?)
- Based on this score, nations are not ‘ranked’ but clubbed into five groups. India is in bottomest
group #5 along with Niger, Chad et al.
- GDI value could even be even greater than 1 if female life expectancy, education, income) is
more than men e.g. Estonia, Latvia where more men dropout of school & die early by desi-liquor
addiction.
67.2 📊📊📊📊 UNSDSN → WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT
Annual report by United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network since 2012
- Citizens are asked to give score 0 to 10 on how happy they’re for following parameters: income,
freedom, healthy life expectancy, social support by friends & relatives, generosity & corruption.
Ranking 2020 2021 2022
Most Happy #1 Finland Finland Finland
India** @144😰😰 @139 @136
Most unhappy Afghan Afghan Afghan
bottom rank
⇒ In 2020- the report even ranked ‘cities’ for happiness. But poor cost benefit chasing.
⇒ China, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh - all are more happier than us. ये बात कु छ
हजम नहीं होती है.
67.3 📊📊 WORLD BANK → HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX
2018: World Bank’s first ever report on Human Capital Index (HCI:मानव पूंजी सूचकांक)
- It measures a nation's progress in health & education for the productivity of its next generation
of workers using following components:
a. Survival rate of children (under-5 mortality)
b. Expected years of schooling (अनुमा�नत �वद्यालयी �श�ा के वषर्)
c. Overall health measured in A) under-5 stunting B) adult survival rate.
- Govt of India has rejected this report citing “World Bank methodology is faulty.”
67.4 📊📊 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT → MISC. INDICATORS

Gross National - 1972: term coined by the fourth king of Bhutan, Jigme Singye
Happiness Index Wangchuck,
(GNHI- सकल रा��ीय - It is an indicator to measure sustainable development, environmental
खुशहाली सूचकांक) conservation, culture & good governance.
Physical Quality - mid-1970s by Morris D Morris (जीवन �र क� भौ�तक गुणव�ा का सूचकांक)
of Life Index - Focuses on 1) life expectancy, 2) infant mortality rate 3) literacy rate
(PQLI) - Scores a nation on a scale of 1 to 100. Score 1 = represents the worst
performance. 1) जीवन प्र�ाशा, 2) �शशु मृ�ु दर 3) सा�रता दर)
🔠🔠❓MCQ. Human capital formation as a concept is better explained in terms of a process which
enables (Pre-2018)
1. Individuals of a country to accumulate more capital.
2. Increasing the knowledge, skill levels & capacities of the people of the country.
3. Accumulation of tangible wealth.
4. Accumulation of intangible wealth.
Answer Codes: (a) 1 & 2 (b) 2 only (c) 2 & 4 (d) 1, 3 & 4
🔠🔠❓MCQ. In any country _ _ _ would be considered as part of its social capital? (Pre-2019)
a) The proportion of literates in the population.
b) The stock of its buildings, other infrastructure & machines.
c) The size of the population in the working age group.
d) The level of mutual trust & harmony in the society.
67.4.1 📊📊📊📊✍Human Development: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्)

- Human development is fundamentally about giving more opportunities & freedom to people.
अंतत: मानव �वकास लोगों को अ�धक अवसर और आज़ादी देने पर ल��त है
- Gandhi-ji noted, “A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members. Every
human being counts, & every human life is equally valuable.” - This universalism is also at the
core of our Constitution. एक देश क� महानता इससे नापी जा सकती है िक वह अपनी सबसे कमज़ोर सद�ों से कै से पेश
आता है।
- While India has done well in terms of economic growth but aforementioned report(s) / index
indicate(s) that more needs to be done to ensure our economic growth translates into human
development for all. हालाँिक भारत म� आ�थक वृ�द्ध तो �ई है िक�ु �व�वध सूचकांकों से प्रतीत होता है िक इस आ�थक वृ�द्ध को
मानव �वकास म� प�रव�तत करने के �लए अभी हम� और क़दम उठाने चािहए।
68 🌱🌱 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)

68.1.1 �🌴🌴🌴🌴🌴🌴 [Yearbook] Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
(पयार्वरण वन एवं जलवायु प�रवतर्न मं त्रालय)
Dept ⇒ N/A
Subordinate/ ⇒ Forest Survey, Dehradun
Attached ⇒ Botanical Survey, Kolkata
⇒ Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata
⇒ Indira Gandhi National Forest Academy, Dehradun
⇒ Directorate of Forest Education, Dehradun
⇒ National Zoological Park, New Delhi
⇒ National Museum of Natural History, New Delhi
⇒ National River Conservation Directorate, New Delhi
⇒ National Centre For Sustainable Coastal Management, Chennai
Statutory Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB Delhi) to implement
Bodies o Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974
o Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
o Environment (Protection) Act 1986
⇒ 1972: Central Zoo Authority, under Wildlife (Protection) Act, Delhi
⇒ 1972: National Tiger Conservation Authority under Wildlife (Protection)
Act, Delhi
⇒ 1972: Wildlife Crime Control Bureau under Wild Life (Protection) Act, Delhi
⇒ 2002: National Biodiversity Authority, under Biological Diversity Act,
Chennai
⇒ 2010: National Green Tribunal, under National Green Tribunal Act, Delhi
⇒ 2021: Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)- is an Statutory
body under The Commission For Air Quality Management in National
Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Act, 2021 set up to curb air pollution in
the National Capital Region NCR, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Autonomous ⇒ Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment & Development,
Uttarakhand
⇒ Indian Council of Forestry Research & Education, Dehradun
⇒ Indian Institute of Forest Management, Madhya Pradesh
⇒ Indian Plywood Industries Research & Training Institute, Punjab
⇒ Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
⇒ Salim Ali Center for Ornithology & Natural History(SACON), Anaikatti,
Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
CPSE ⇒ Andaman & Nicobar Islands Forest & Plantation Development Corporation
Limited, Port Blair
E- ⇒ Parivesh Portal for environment clearance for various projects e.g. cutting
Governance trees to build factory/highway etc. 👜👜👜👜Budget-2022- we’ll make this portal
better. (�व�वध प्रोजे� के �लए पेड़ कटाई इ�ािद क� मं ज़ूरी के �लए ओनलाइन पोटर्ल।)
68.1.2 �☔🌪🌪 [Yearbook] Ministry of Earth Sciences (पृ�ी �व�ान मं त्रालय)
Dept ⇒ N/A
Attached ⇒ National Center for Seismology, Noida
⇒ Centre for Marine Living Resources & Ecology, Kochi
Subordinate ⇒ India Meteorological Department (IMD), New Delhi
⇒ National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida
Autonomous ⇒ National Institute of Ocean Technology, Chennai
⇒ National Centre for Polar & Ocean Research, Goa
⇒ Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune
⇒ Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Service, Hyderabad
⇒ National Centre for Earth Science Studies, Kerala
CPSE ⇒ N/A or not Not MCQ worthy
68.2 🌱🌱 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: MEANING
 1980s: UN’s Brundtland Commission on Environment & Development → “Our Common
Future” Report → defined “Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” [सतत
�वकास वह �वकास है जो भावी पीिढ़यों क� अपनी ज�रतों को पूरा करने क� �मता से समझौता िकए �बना वतर्मान क� ज�रतों को पूरा
करता है]
 1992: Earth Summit @Rio, Brazil → 2012: Rio+20 summit: leaders announced to prepare
“Sustainable Development Goals” (SDG:सं धारणीय/सतत �वकास ल�) for post-2015 era when MDG
goals expired.
Year UN Approved Goals Target
2000-2015 Millennium Development Goals (MDG:सहस्रा�ी �वकास ल�) 8 18
2015-2030 “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDG:सं धारणीय/सतत �वकास ल�) 17 169
68.3 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES20 ON SDG & ENVIRONMENT

- Vol2Ch10: Government’s expenditure in last five years (2014-2019)
- On health as % of GDP = steadily ⏫
- On education as % of GDP = steadily ⏫
- On other social services (water, sanitation, urban dev, SC-ST-OBC welfare, labour
welfare, nutrition, natural disasters etc) = NOT steadily ⏫
- Vol2ch6: CEA Subramanian K. talks about how absence of a certain input creates challenges to
SDG such as:
Education & ⇒ non-electrified schools have
Electricity ⇒ Poor staff-retention (लोग नोकरी छोड़ के चले जाते है)
Nexus ⇒ Higher Drop-outs, Poor results in exams
⇒ States with lower literacy rates have low electricity rates at the schools &
vice-versa
Health & ⇒ Hospitals & states with electricity consumption have lower Infant Mortality
Energy Nexus Rate (IMR)
⚠ Homework: Economic Survey 2020 contains certain info about environment/forests. So, prepare
following information
📔📔📔📔ES20 vol2ch6 bullet Topic to focus
number
6.21 → ISA’s new awards in collaboration with Indian state Govts
📔📔📔📔ES20 vol2ch6 bullet Topic to focus
number
6.25 & 6.26 → Forest report: types & sizes of forests etc.
6.27 upto 6.29 Shannon-Weiner Index for Biodiversity, forest distribution
across world, carbon stock.
✋Don’t waste time in other sections of this chapter, as I’ve either covered them (e.g. crop residue
in 4A etc.) and/or they’re not worth MCQ utility. आ�थक सव��ण िक इस प्रकरण म� हरेक चीज़ पढ़ना वैसे ज़�री नहीं है
68.4 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES21 ON SDG & ENVIRONMENT
68.4.1 📙📙📙📙ES21 Climate Change damages Indian economy [जलवायु प�रवतर्न से भारतीय अथर्तंत्र को
ख़तरा]
⇒ 2018- India lost US$ 37 billion due to cyclones, floods and landslides- said Global Climate Risk
Index (prepared by Germany-based think tank “greenwatch”)
⇒ International Labour Organisation says by 2030: Global warming ⏫→ Heat stress→ workers
will be able to do less work → jobloss, lower wages, construction sector will suffer. [गम� क� तीव्रता
बढ़ने से मज़दू र पहले से कम मात्रा म� काम कर पाएं गे, �जस से उनक� तन�ाह म� कमी होगी]
⇒ Solution? 1) Heat prevention measures for workers [खुले इलाक़े म� कायर्रत मज़दू रों को गम� से बचाने के �लए
प्रबं ध] 2) Insurance, pension, skilling for alternate jobs for workers in construction sector. [मकान
�नमार्ण �ेत्र के मज़दू रों को प�शन, बीमा, वैक��क रोज़गार के �लए कौशल प्र�श�ण िदया जाए.]
68.4.2 📙📙📙📙ES21: Climate Risk & Pandemic Risk Insurance need to be encouraged
जलवायु प�रवतर्न जो�खम तथा आपदा जो�खम के �ख़लाफ़ बीमा लेना ज़�री/ उसे प्रो�ािहत िकया जाए
⇒ 2003: SARS Virus outbreak. The organisers of Wimbledon tennis tournament had taken a
pandemic insurance. They received compensation = could use the money for covering up their
financial losses. [�वंबलडन टे�नस प्र�तयो�गता म� SARS महामारी के नुक़सान क� भरपाई- एसे बीमे से �ई थी]
⇒ Many farmers do not take crops insurance because poor / illterate, previous negative experience
of not receiving compensation, etc. Need to reform & Popularize PM-Fasal Bima Yojana (Ref
Pillar#1D) [कई िकसान फ़सल बीमा नहीं ले रहे �ोंिक उ�� जानकारी नहीं है/ या भूतकाल म� फ़सल नुक़सान पर बीमा कं पनी ने
मुआवज़ा नहीं िदया था, इस�लए �नराश/ठगे �ए िकसान फ़सल बीमा नहीं ख़रीदते. प्रधानमं त्री फ़सल बीमा योजना म� इसके �लए ज़�री
सुधार िकए जाएं .]
⇒ Karnataka state govt “Varun Mitra” weather advisory system = it informs both the farmer as well
as the insurance company about the upcoming adverse weather events. 📙📙📙📙ES21 appreciated
its efficient working, recommended its replication at all India level. [कनार्टक रा� सरकार द्वारा हवामान क�
जानकारी िकसानों और बीमा कं प�नयों को दी जाती है।ऐसी प्रणाली को पूरे भारत म� लागू िकया जाए- कहा आ�थक सव��ण ने]
68.4.3 📙📙📙📙ES21: solar energy misused for groundwater exploitation

⇒ KUSUM Scheme = farmers given subsidised solar pumps. (Ref Pillar5 Energy Infrastructure).
⇒ But then what if those are solar pumps are misused for overuse/exploitation of groundwater.
⇒ Therefore, such energy schemes must have provisions to encourage water conservation. [स��डी
पर �मले सोलर प� द्वारा यिद िकसान दे दनादन भू-जल का दु�पयोग/ अ�तउपयोग कर� तो पयार्वरण/प्रकृ �त का फ़ायदा कम नुक़सान
�ादा है। इस�लए ऐसी योजनाओं म� ��-ऊजार् के साथ साथ जल-सं चय का भी �ाल रखना चािहए।]
68.5 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 SDG → INDIA’S IMPLEMENTATION / MONITORING
India has tasked NITI Aayog to monitor the SDG implementation in India, tie up with Union
ministries, State governments, academia, civil society & other stakeholders.
 2018-Dec: NITI prepared ‘Baseline (आधार रेखा) Report of the SDG India Index’, which contains
baseline vs targets to be achieved for each goal & how much progress by the States.
 Accordingly, NITI assigns “SDG Goal Score (0-100)” to each State & UT & classifies them into
following categories:
68.5.1 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI’s SDG India Index: overall scoring

##
In the latest 2021-June’s report, NITI/Newspapers Then created multiple sub-index/categories
using the scores e.g. Which state is number one in drinking water, Solar panel etc. = but very poor
cost benefit in memorising all those factual GK.#🕰🕰थोड़ा-पढ़ो-आगे-बढ़ो
Score → 2018’s Report 2019’s (Released in Dec’19) 2020’s (Released in 2021-Jun)##
Monitoring 13 goals 16 goals. 17 goals
Aspirant: 0- आकां�ी: Assam, Not any Not any
49 Bihar, UP
Performer: अ�ा प्रदशर्न: Among these most pathetic/lowest scorer is Bihar.
50-64 Remaining Others: Jharkhand, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha
State/UT etc.
Front अग्रणी: ⇒ Best: Kerala(70) & ⇒ Best: Kerala(75) &
Runner: 65- Himachal, Chandigarh (70). Chandigarh (79).
99 Kerala, TN, ⇒ Then Himachal, Tamil ⇒ Himachal, Tamil Nadu,
Chandigarh & Nadu, Andhra, Andhra, Telangana,
Puducherry Telangana, Karnataka, Karnataka, Goa, Sikkim,
Goa, Sikkim, & Uttarakhand, Gujarat,
Puducherry = total 10 Maharashtra, Mizoram,
States/UT Punjab, Haryana, Tripura,
⇒ Puducherry, Delhi,
Lakshadweep, Andaman
and Nicobar, J&L, Ladakh
⇒ Total 22 State/UT
Achiever: 100 सफल: all SDG goals achieved but no one here YET.
For example, SDG Goal#3 Ensure Healthy Lives & Promote Well-being For All
Associated Targets under Goal#3 SDG Goal#3 States/UT categorization
 Reduce MMR (Baseline:130) → Target 70  Achiever: None achieved all targets
(by 2030), Kerala already achieved.  Frontrunners: Kerala, TN, Puducherry etc
 Eliminate TB by 2030 (No State Yet  Performer: Bihar, UP, MP, Odisha, etc.
Achieved)
 Reduce Under-5 Child Mortality Rate  Aspirants: None (because each state has
(Baseline:50) → Target 11 (by made some progress)
2030),Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu
achieved.
 Increase no. of Govt doctors , nurses &
midwives per 1,00,000 population:
(Baseline:221) → Target 550 (by 2030).
Kerala already achieved.
🔠🔠❓Which one of the following States ranked first on Sustainable Development Goal India
Index, 2020-21 released by NITI Aayog? [UPSC-CAPF-2021]
(a) Himachal Pradesh (b) Tamil Nadu (c) Kerala (d) Goa
68.5.2 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI SDG Urban India Index

⇒ NITI Aayog’s first Sustainable Development Goals(SDG) Urban India Index 2021-22:
⇒ Top 10 Urban Areas are Shimla, Coimbatore, Chandigarh, Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Panaji,
Pune, Tiruchirappalli, Ahmedabad and Nagpur.
⇒ Bottom 10 Urban Areas are Dhanbad, Meerut, Itanagar, Guwahati, Patna, Jodhpur, Kohima,
Agra, Kolkata and Faridabad.
⇒ This dashboard developed with the Indo-German Development Cooperation.
68.5.3 🌱🌱🌱🌱 NITI’s VNR Review to UN

⇒ 2020-Jul: NITI presented India's second time Voluntary National Review (VNR: �ै��क रा�ी� य
समी�ा) to UN's SDG monitoring forum.
⇒ Theme of the report: "Taking SDGs from Global to Local". िक सतत �वकास ल� हा�सल करने म� हमारी अब
तक क� प्रग�त �ा रही है? �ादातर बोल ब�न और �चकनी चुपड़ी बात� है, परी�ा उपयोगी माल ब�त कम है.
68.6 🌱🌱 SDG GOALS VS INDIA’S NOTABLE SCHEMES
SDG Goal India’s Notable Schemes <List not exhaustive>
Goal End poverty in all its forms  MGNREGA & the National Livelihood Missions
1 everywhere  Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Beema Yojana
(PMJJBY) & Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Suraksha
गरीबी क� पूणर्तः समा��
Beema Yojana (PMJSBY), National Social Assistance
Programmes (NSAP) which provides pension to the
elderly, widows, PH in BPL category.
 PMJAY ₹ 5l health insurance that reduces healthcare
burden on poor people.
Goal End hunger, achieve food  Green Revolution — Krishonnati Yojana & its 11
2 security & improved nutrition sub-schemes, esp. National Mission for Sustainable
& promote sustainable Agriculture, National Food Security Mission
agriculture
 Food Security Act, POSHAN Abhiyaan, Mid-day
भुखमरी क� समा��
Meal (MDM: New Name PM Poshan),
Goal Ensure healthy lives &  National Health Mission & its rural, urban
3 promote well-being for all at components, various schemes for Communicable &
all ages noncommunicable diseases
 Ayushman Bharat: 1) transform PHC 2) PMJAY ₹ 5l
अ�ा �ा� और जीवन�र
health insurance that reduces healthcare burden on
poor people.
 Intensified Mission Indradhanush vaccination.
 PM Matru Vandana Yojana (₹ 5k), Janani Suraksha
Yojana (₹ 1k to BPL) Janani Shishu Suraksha
Karyakram (Free delivery) etc.
Goal Ensure inclusive & equitable  Samagra Shiksha by merging 1) Sarva Shiksha
4 quality education & promote Abhiyan (SSA) 2) Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha
lifelong learning opportunities Abhiyan (RMSA) 3) Teacher Education (TE).
for all- सभी के �लए समोवेशी तथा
 SWAYAM online portal for free learning etc.
गुणव�ा यु� �श�ा
Goal Achieve gender equality &  Gender Budget Statement from 2005 onwards
5 empower all women & girls  Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao, Sukanya Samridhi (Bank
ल��गक समानता Savings) Yojana
 Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (LPG connection to
BPL women),
 Procurement quota for MSME owned by Women,
Standup India loan scheme
Goal Ensure availability &  Swachh Bharat Mission, National Rural Drinking
6 sustainable management of Water Programme.
water & sanitation for all
साफ पानी और ��ता
Goal Ensure access to affordable,  Target: achieve 40% electricity from non-fossil fuel
7 reliable, sustainable & modern sources by 2030;
energy for all  LPG: PAHAL subsidy, Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala
स�ी और �� ऊजार्
Yojana (LPG connection to BPL women),
 Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana →
Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana
(Saubhagya) to give electricity connection to all,
Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme
 National Solar Mission, Green Energy Corridor etc.
 National Bio-fuels Policy 2018: 20% of ethanol in
petrol & 5% blending of biodiesel in diesel by 2030.
 PM Ji-Van Yojana: biowaste → biofuel; GOBAR-
DHAN) scheme, UJALA LED, Gram Ujala LED
International Solar Alliance (ISA, HQ: Gurugram,
Haryana) launched following initiatives
 1) World Solar Bank to provide loans for solar
energy projects
 2) One Sun One World One Grid Initiative/Green
Grids= to create interconnected electricity grids to
transfer solar electricity among nations.
 3) 2020: First World Solar Technology Summit
(organised in virtual mode because of corona)
Goal Promote sustained, inclusive  Make India, Startup india, Skill India → Pradhan
8 & sustainable economic Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
growth, full & productive
 Mudra loans,Standup India loans
employment & decent work
 Prime Minister’s Employment Generation
for all
अ�ा रोजगार, आ�थक �वकास Programme (PMEGP): credit linked subsidy for
Micro enterprises in non-farm sector.
Goal Build resilient infrastructure,  Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, Pradhan Mantri gram
9 promote inclusive & Sadak Yojana, Bharat Mala, Sagar Mala,
sustainable industrialization  Digital India, Smart City, AMRUT.
& foster innovation
उद्योग, नवाचार और बु�नयादी सु�वधाओं
का �वकास
Goal Reduce inequality within &  To reduce inequality within the country- all the
10 among countries schemes that are focusing on rural area & weaker
देशों के भीतर और देशों के बीच section e.g. MNREGA, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya
असमानता म� कमी
Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY), Standup
India loans for SC/ST & Women, Pradhan Mantri
Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) Rurban Mission
 To reduce inequality among countries - Technical
& Financial Assistance given by India to its
neighbouring countries, & least developed countries
Goal Make cities & human  Smart City, AMRUT, Rurban Mission, PM Awas
11 settlements inclusive, safe, Yojana, Swachh Bharat Mission etc Which we
resilient & sustainable learned in pillar#5
िटकाऊ शहरी �वकास
Goal Ensure sustainable  Targets: 1) ⏬ emissions intensity of GDP by 45%
12 consumption & production by 2030 compared to 2005; (earlier target 33-35%)
patterns
 2) ⏬ per capita consumption of fertilizer, fuel,
�ज�ेदारी के साथ उपभोग और उ�ादन
plastic waste etc.
 2021: SEBI rules: Top-1000 Listed Companies
required to publish Business Responsibility and
Sustainability Report (BRSR)- showing their
environmental, social and governance standards.
This reporting will be voluntarily in 2021 but
compulsory from 2022. सेबी के �नयमानुसार शेयर बाज़ार म�
�ल�ेड बड़ी कं प�नयों ने 2022 से अ�नवायर् �प से “�ापार उ�रदा�य�
और सतत-��रता �रपोटर्’ प्रका�शत करनी होगी। इस �रपोटर् म� कं पनीने
अपने द्वारा उठाए गये पयार्वरण, समाज-क�ाण और कॉरपोरेट शासन के
कदमों क� जानकारी देनी होगी।
Goal Take urgent action to combat  India’s national Greenhouse Gas Emission (2014) is
13 climate change & its impacts made up of: Energy sector > industrial process >
जलवायु प�रवतर्न और उसके प्रभावों से Agriculture > Waste material.
�नपटने के �लए त�ाल कारर्वाई
 Targets: 0 Deaths in Extreme weather events, 40% of
electricity generation from renewable sources,
increase adoption of LED bulbs etc.
 National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
& its 8 missions.
 National Air Quality Monitoring Programme
 National Adaptation Fund on Climate Change
(NAFCC) under NABARD
 Climate Change Action Plan (CCAP, 2014) to
improve scientific analysis of climate change. It has
two components: A) National Carbonaceous
Aerosols Program (NCAP) led by IIT-Bombay &
other institutes. B) Long-Term Ecological
Observatories (LTEO).
Goal Conserve & sustainably use  Marine protected areas, Coastal Regulation Zone,
14 the oceans, seas & marine National oil spill disaster contingency plan.
resources for sustainable  If a States mangrove forest cover decreases then it
development
will be awarded ZERO marks in the SDG index.
समुद्री सं साधनों का सं र�ण
Goal Protect, restore & promote  NAPCC → National Mission for a Green India,
15 sustainable use of terrestrial  National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan
ecosystems, sustainably Ecosystem
manage forests, combat
 Project Tiger, Elephant etc.
desertification, & halt &
reverse land degradation &  Target-2030: 1) increase Land area under forest from
halt biodiversity loss 21.54% (Baseline) to 33% 2) Use these trees/forests
�लीय पा�र��तक�य प्रणा�लयों, भू�म to add carbon sink equivalent to 2.5-3 billion tons
CO2
�रण और जैव �व�वधता का सं र�ण
Goal Promote peaceful & inclusive Target-2030:
16 societies for sustainable  Reported murders per 1 lakh population (from 2.4
development, provide access to To 1.2)
justice for all & build effective,  Reduce reported corruption crimes per 1 crore
accountable & inclusive
population (from 34 to 17)
institutions at all levels
शां�तपूणर् समावेशी समाजों को बढ़ावा  increase number of courts per 10 lakh persons (from
देना,सभी के �लए �ाय तक प�ंच 12 to 34)
सु�न��त करना  Cover 100% population with aadhar card
 Etc. so accordingly more ₹ funding, amending
criminal laws etc.
Goal Strengthen the means of  India has joined International Solar Alliance, India
17 implementation & revitalize has committed to Paris deal on Climate Change etc.
the global partnership for  2019: India became founding member of European
sustainable development commission’s International Platform on Sustainable
सामूिहक साझेदारी-वै��क भागीदारी को Finance
पुनज��वत करना  NITI has set no quantitative targets for this Goal
because MOSPI is unable to frame statistical
methods to capture it. (e.g. SDG Target 17.15:
‘Respect each country’s policy space’ - difficult to
quantify & compare!). But in 2021’s SDG Index
Report, NITI provided some qualitative assessment
e.g. we need to increase the cooperation at global
level, Corona has created new challenges etc. [यहाँ पर
मात्रा�क �प से तो ल� नापना सं भव नहीं है िक�ु गुणा�क समी�ा
नी�त आयोग ने द्वारा क� गई है]
CoP26 Summit: Glasgow, UK in 2021

 India’s commitments given in Handout Pill#5A
Pitfalls in Essay: In Human Development / Gender Development / Sustainable Development topic
essays Students merely give a long index of constitutional articles, laws & schemes like a parrot. But
you’re required to ‘describe’ how it actually helps & what more can be done to improve the
development. Read Yojana, Kurukshetra, Eco. Survey, Newspaper columns to gather such ‘fodder’
points. [तोते क� तरह रटकर �सफर् योजनाओं के नाम नहीं �लखने- असल म� �ा फायदा होता है ऐसा आराम से समझाना भी होगा �नबं ध]
68.6.1 🌱🌱✍SDG: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्)

- SDG goals recognize that
- ending poverty requires economic growth, गरीबी �नवारण के �लए आ�थक वृ�द्ध
- while ending socio-economic disparities requires economic development
- But neither the economic growth (वृ�द्ध) nor the economic development (�वकास) should come at
the cost of harming future generations. (भ�व� क� पीढ़ी को नाइं साफ� ना हो)
- Accordingly, the 17 goals have been framed to provide education, health, social protection, & job
opportunities to all, while tackling climate change & environmental protection.
- Achievement of SDG goals is therefore necessary for
- reaping India's demographic dividend, (जनसं �ािकक लाभांश)
- reducing India’s socio economic disparities (सामा�जक आ�थक �वषमताएँ )
- and at the same time protecting India's vast biodiversity. (�वशाल जैव �व�वधता)
OR As Gandhi-ji noted, “The earth, air, land & water are not inheritance from our forefathers but on
loan from our children. So we have to handover to them at least as it was handed over to us. Earth
provides enough to satisfy every man's needs, but not every man's greed.” Therefore, timely
achievement of SDG goals must become India’s top priority. (पृ�ी हर आदमी क� ज�रतों को पूरा सकती है,
लेिकन हर आदमी क� लालच नहीं।)
68.7 ✍🎺🎺 MAINS ANSWER WRITING: POVERTY, HUNGER, SOCIAL SECTORS
68.7.1 ✍🎺🎺 GSM1 Syllabus: Poverty, Population; Development & associated issues
COVID-19 pandemic accelerated class inequalities and poverty in India. Comment. (को�वड -19 2020
महामारी ने भारत म� वगर् असमानताओं एवं गरीबी को ग�त दे दी है । िटप�ी क��जए )
‘Despite implementation of various programmes for eradication of poverty by the Govt in India, 2018
poverty is still existing.’ Explain by giving reasons.
भारत म� गरीबी उ�ूलन के �लए �व�भ� कायर्क्रमों के कायार्�यन के बावजूद, गरीबी अभी भी मौजूद है। '' कारण �� कर�।
Mention core strategies for the transformation of aspirational districts in India & explain the nature 2018
of convergence, collaboration & competition for its success.
भारत म� आकां�ा�क �जलों के प�रवतर्न के �लए मु� रणनी�तयों का उ�ेख कर� और इसक� सफलता के �लए अ�भसरण, सहयोग और
प्र�त�धार् क� प्रकृ �त क� �ा�ा कर�।
“An essential condition to eradicate poverty is to liberate the poor from deprivation.” Substantiate 2016
this statement with suitable examples. "गरीबी उ�ूलन के �लए एक आव�क शतर् गरीबों को अभाव से मु� करना है।"
उपयु� उदाहरणों के साथ इस कथन को प्र�त�ा�पत कर�
Critically examine whether growing population is the cause of poverty OR poverty is the main cause 2015
of population increase in India. समालोचना�क �प से जांच कर� िक बढ़ती जनसं �ा गरीबी का कारण है या गरीबी भारत म�
जनसं �ा वृ�द्ध का मु� कारण है।
68.7.2 ✍🎺🎺 GSM2 Syllabus: Poverty & hunger issues/गरीबी और भुखमरी के मुद्दे
Reforming the government delivery system through the Direct Benefit Transfer Scheme is a 2022-
progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment.(प्र�� लाभ अंतरण योजना के मा�म से सरकारी प्रदेय GSM2
�व�ा म� सुधार एक प्रग�तशील क़दम है, िक�ु इसक� अपनी सीमाएँ भी ह� िट�णी क��जए।) Solved in Youtube
What are the major challenges of Public Distribution System (PDS) in India? How can it be made 2022-
effective and transparent? (भारत म� सावर्ज�नक �वतरण प्रणाली (पी.डी.एस.) क� प्रमुख चुनौ�तयाँ �ा है? इसे िकस प्रकार GSM3
प्रभावी तथा पारदश� बनाया जा सकता है?) Solved in Youtube
What are the salient features of the National Food Security Act, 2013? How has the Food Security 2021-
Bill helped in eliminating hunger and malnutrition in India? (Answer in 250 words) रा��ीय खाद्य GSM3
सुर�ा अ�ध�नयम, 2013 क� मु� �वशेषताएँ �ा ह� ? खाद्य सुर�ा �वधेयक ने भारत म� भूख तथा कु पोषण को दू र करने म� िकस प्रकार
सहायता क� है? ✅Solved@ https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-mains-gsm3-model-ans-
economy-budget-2021/VHWAMSQF
Can the vicious cycle of gender inequality, poverty and malnutrition be broken through 2021-
microfinancing of women SHGs? Explain with examples. (Answer in 150 words) [ �ा ल��गक GSM2
असमानता, गरीबी और कु पोषण के दुष्चक्र को मिहलाओं को �यं सहायता समूहों को सू� �व� (माइक्रोफाइने�) प्रदान करके तोड़ा
जा सकता है ? सोदाहरण �� क��जए। ]
“Micro-Finance as an anti-poverty vaccine, is aimed at asset creation and income security of the 2020-
rural poor in India”. Evaluate the role of Self Help Groups in achieving the twin objectives along GSM2
with empowering women in rural India. ("सू�-�व� एक गरीबी-रोधी िटका है जो भारत म� ग्रामीण द�रद्र क� प�रसं प��
�नमार्ण और आयसुर�ा के �लए ल��त है". �यं सहायता समूहों क� भू�मका का मू�ांकन ग्रामीण भारत म� मिहलाओं के सश��करण
के साथ साथ उपरो� दोहरे उद्दे�ों के �लए क��जए ) ✅Solved@ https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-
gsm2-model-ans-governance-welfare-socj-2020/IOFX6TG7
“The incidence and intensity of poverty are more important in determining poverty based on 2020
income alone”. In this context analyse the latest United Nations Multidimensional Poverty Index GS2
Report. ("के वल आय पर आधा�रत गरीबी के �नधार्रण म� गरीबी का आपतन और तीव्रता अ�धक मह�पूणर् है"। इस स�भर् म�
सं यु� रा�� ब�आयामी गरीबी सूचकांक क� नवीनतम �रपोटर् का �व�ेषण क��जए ।)
✅Solved@ https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-gsm2-model-ans-governance-welfare-
socj-2020/IOFX6TG7
There is a growing divergence in the relationship between poverty & hunger in India. The 2019
shrinking of social expenditure by the Govt is forcing the poor to spend more on Non- Food GS2
essential items squeezing their food – budget.- Elucidate.
भारत म� गरीबी और भुखमरी के बीच के सं बं ध म� अंतर बढ़ रहा ह�। सरकार द्वारा सामा�जक खचर् को कम करना ग़रीबों को उनके भोजन
- बजट को �नचोड़ने वाले गैर-खाद्य आव�क व�ुओ ं पर अ�धक खचर् करने के �लए मजबूर कर रहा है।- �� क��जए ।
✅Solved@ https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-gsm2-2019-model-ans-part-2-social-
justice-welfare/QXSTIV74
What are the reformative steps taken by the Govt to make food grain distribution system more 2019
effective? खाद्य �वतरण प्रणाली को और अ�धक प्रभावशाली बनाने के �लए सरकार द्वारा �ा सुधारवादी कदम उठाए गए है? GS3
How far do you agree with the view that the focus on lack or availability of food as the main cause 2018
of hunger takes the attention away from ineffective human development policies in India?
आप इस राय से िकतने सहमत ह� िक भोजन क� कमी या उपल�ता को भूख का मु� कारण समझना भारत म� अप्रभावी/बेअसर मानव
�वकास नी�तयों से �ान हटाता है?
Hunger & Poverty are the biggest challenges for good governance in India still today. Evaluate 2017
how far successive governments have progressed in dealing with these humongous problems.
Suggest measures for improvement.भारत म� सुशासन के �लए भूख और गरीबी आज भी सबसे बड़ी चुनौती है। मू�ांकन
कर� िक इन ब�त बड़ी सम�ाओं से �नपटने के �लए �सल�सलेवार सरकारों ने कहाँ तक प्रग�त क� है। सुधार के उपाय सुझाए।
‘Poverty Alleviation Programmes in India remain mere show pieces until & unless they are 2017
backed by political will’. Discuss with reference to the performance of the major poverty
alleviation programmes in India.भारत म� ‘गरीबी उ�ूलन कायर्क्रम तब तक के वल िदखावा (शो पीस) बने �ए ह�, जब तक
िक वे राजनी�तक इ�ाश�� द्वारा सम�थत नहीं ह�।’ भारत म� प्रमुख गरीबी उ�ूलन कायर्क्रमों के प्रदशर्न/तामील के सं दभर् म� चचार् कर�।
Though there have been several different estimates of poverty in India, all indicate reduction in 2015
poverty levels over time. Do you agree? Critically examine with reference to urban & rural
poverty indicators.हालांिक भारत म� गरीबी के कई अलग-अलग अनुमान ह�, सभी समय के साथ गरीबी के �र म� कमी का
सं के त देते ह�। �ा आप सहमत ह�? शहरी और ग्रामीण गरीबी सूचकांकों/सं के तकों के सं दभर् म� समालोचना�क �प से जांच कर�।
The Central Govt frequently complains on the poor performance of the State Governments in 2013
eradicating suffering of the vulnerable sections of the society. Restructuring of Centrally
sponsored schemes across the sectors for ameliorating the cause of vulnerable sections of
population aims at providing flexibility to the States in better implementation. Critically
evaluate.क� द्र सरकार समाज के कमजोर वग� क� पीड़ा को �मटाने म� रा� सरकारों के खराब प्रदशर्न पर लगातार �शकायत करती है।
जनसं �ा के कमजोर वग� क� सम�ाओं को सुधारने के �लए सभी �ेत्रों म� क� द्र प्रायो�जत योजनाओं का पुनगर्ठन, रा�ों को बेहतर
कायार्�यन के �लए लचीलापन प्रदान करना है। समालोचना�क �प से मू�ांकन कर�।
Discuss the changes in India's demography at 2040. In what ways will it require the policymakers Mock
to change their present course of action? 2040 म� भारत क� जनसां��क� म� बदलाव पर चचार् कर�। िकन तरीकों से
नी�त �नमार्ताओं को अपनी वतर्मान कारर्वाई को बदलने क� आव�कता होगी?
68.7.3 ✍🎺🎺 GSM2 Syllabus: Schemes for Social Sectors
GSM2 Syllabus: Social Sector & Social Services (health, education, human resources – issues in
development, management: सामा�जक �ेत्र और सामा�जक सेवाए (�ा�, �श�ा, मानव सं साधन - �वकास, प्रबं धन म� मुद्दे);
The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 remains only a legal document without intense 2022-
sensitisation of government functionaries and citizens regarding disability. Comment.(िद�ांगता के GSM2
सं दभर् म� सरकारी पदा�धका�रयों और नाग�रकों क� गहन सं वेदनशीलता के �बना िद�ांगजन अ�धकार अ�ध�नयम, 2016 के वल
�व�धक द�ावेज़ बनकर रह जाता है। िट�णी क��जए) Answered in Youtube
Q. “Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary 2021-
precondition for sustainable development.” Analyse.(Answer in 150 words) ["एक क�ाणकारी रा� GSM2
क� नै�तक अ�नवायर्ता के अलावा, प्राथ�मक �ा� सं रचना धारणीय �वकास क� एक आव�क पूवर् शतर् है।" �व�ेषण क��जए। ]
Q. “‘Earn while you learn’ scheme needs to be strengthened to make vocational education and
skill training meaningful.” Comment. (150 words) ["�ावसा�यक �श�ा और कौशल प�र�ण को साथर्क बनाने के
�लए 'सीखते �ए कमाना (अनर् �ाइल यू लनर्)' क� योजना को सश� करने क� आव�कता है।" िट�णी क��जए।]
During Corona pandemic the response of Government of India was focused first on saving lives MOCK
and then on saving livelihoods. Elaborate (कोरोना महामारी के दौरान भारत सरकार क� प्र�तिक्रया पहले जीवन बचाने
और िफर आजी�वका बचाने पर क� िद्रत थी)
Healthcare sector of India is marked by lower level of accountability and transparency compared MOCK
to the first world countries. Suggest some novel ways to fix this. [भारत का �ा� सेवा �ेत्र म� प्रथम �व� के
देशों क� तुलना म� �न� �र क� जवाबदेही और पारद�शता है। इसे ठीक करने के �लए कु छ नए तरीके सुझाएं ।]
“E-rupi increases the efficacy of Direct-Benefit Transfer by making the entitlement more MOCK
targeted and leak-proof.” Substantiate/Elucidate. (ई-�पी पात्रता को अ�धक ल��त और �रसाव-मु� बनाकर
प्र��-लाभ अंतरण क� प्रभावका�रता को बढ़ाता है. उदाहरण द्वारा सा�बत क��जए)
In order to enhance the prospects of social development, sound and adequate health care 2020
policies are needed particularly in the fields of geriatric and maternal health care. Discuss. GSM2
(साम�जक �वकास क� सं भावनाओं को बढ़ने के क्रम म�, �वशेषकर जरा�चिक�ा एवं मातृ �ा� देखभाल के �ेत्र म� सु�ढ़ और पयार्�
�ा� देखभाल स��ी नी�तयों क� आव�कता है l �ववेचन क��जए ।) ✅Solved@
https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-gsm2-model-ans-governance-welfare-socj-
2020/IOFX6TG7
⇒ Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so 2019
effective due to absence of their awareness & active involvement at all stages of policy
process – Discuss. कमजोर वग� के �लए लागू क� गई क�ाणकारी योजनाओं का प्रदशर्न नी�तगत प्रिक्रया के सभी चरणों
म� उनक� जाग�कता और सिक्रय भागीदारी के अभाव के कारण प्रभावी नहीं है। चचार् कर� |
⇒ Despite Consistent experience of High growth, India still goes with the lowest indicators of
human development. Examine the issues that make balanced & inclusive development
elusive. उ� �वकास दर के लगातार अनुभव के बावजूद, भारत अभी भी मानव �वकास के �न�तम सं के तकों के साथ �न�
पायदान पर है। उन मुद्दों क� परी�ण कर� जो सं तु�लत और समावेशी �वकास को दुग्रार्ह्य बनाते ह�।
✅Solved@ https://unacademy.com/class/mrunals-upsc-gsm2-2019-model-ans-part-2-social-
justice-welfare/QXSTIV74
Appropriate local community-level healthcare intervention is a prerequisite to achieve ‘Health 2018
for All ‘ in India. Explain. यथो�चत/उपयु� �ानीय सामुदा�यक-�र क� �ा� सेवा अंतः�ेप/ह��ेप भारत म� ‘सभी के
�लए �ा�’ प्रा� करने के �लए पूवार्कां��त (एक शतर्) है। �� क��जए।
‘To ensure effective implementation of policies addressing water, sanitation & hygiene needs, 2017
the identification of beneficiary segments is to be synchronized with the anticipated outcomes’
Examine the statement in the context of the WASH scheme. ‘जल, ��ता और �ा� ज़�रतों को सं बो�धत
करने वाली नी�तयों के प्रभावी कायार्�यन को सु�न��त करने के �लए, लाभाथ� वृत-खं डों क� पहचान को प्र�ा�शत प�रणामों के साथ
समक्र�मक/�संक्रनाइज़ िकया जाना चािहए। वॉश/WASH योजना के सं दभर् म� कथन क� जांच कर�।
Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy & throw light on the status of its 2016
implementation.रा��ीय बाल नी�त के मु� प्रावधानों क� जांच कर� इसके कायार्�यन क� ��त पर प्रकाश डाल�।
“Demographic Dividend in India will remain only theoretical unless our manpower becomes 2016
more educated, aware, skilled & creative.” What measures have been taken by the Govt to
enhance the capacity of our population to be more productive & employable? “भारत म� जनसां��क�
लाभांश के वल सैद्धां�तक रहेगा जब तक िक हमारी जनश�� अ�धक �श��त, जाग�क, कु शल और रचना�क नहीं हो जाती है।"
हमारी जनसं �ा क� �मता को अ�धक उ�ादक और रोजगारपरक बनाने के �लए सरकार ने �ा उपाय िकए ह�?
Professor Amartya Sen has advocated important reforms in the realms of primary education & 2016
primary health care. What are your suggestions to improve their status & performance? प्रोफे सर
अम�र् सेन ने प्राथ�मक �श�ा और प्राथ�मक �ा� देखभाल के �ेत्र म� मह�पूणर् सुधारों क� वकालत क� है। उनक� ��त और
प्रदशर्न म� सुधार के �लए आपके सुझाव �ा ह�?
The quality of higher education in India requires major improvements to make it internationally 2015
competitive. Do you think that the entry of foreign educational institutions would help improve
the quality of higher & technical education in the country? Discuss. भारत म� उ� �श�ा क� गुणव�ा को
अंतररा��ीय �र पर प्र�त�ध� बनाने के �लए बड़े सुधार क� आव�कता है। �ा आपको लगता है िक �वदेशी �श�ण सं �ानों के प्रवेश
से देश म� उ� और तकनीक� �श�ा क� गुणव�ा म� सुधार होगा? चचार् कर�।
Public health system has limitations in providing universal health coverage. Do you think that 2015
the private sector could help in bridging the gap? What other viable alternatives would you
suggest?सावर्ज�नक �ा� प्रणाली म� सावर्लौिकक �ा� �ा��/कवरेज प्रदान करने क� मयार्दाएँ ह�। �ा आपको लगता है िक
यह �र�� को भरने म� (यह मयार्दाएँ दू र करने म�)�नजी �ेत्र मदद कर सकता है? �ा आप अ� �वहायर् �वक� सुझाएं ग?े
An athlete participates in Olympics for personal triumph & nation’s glory; victors are showered 2014
with cash incentives by various agencies, on their return. Discuss the merit of state sponsored
talent hunt & its cultivation as against the rationale of a reward mechanism as encouragement.
एक एथलीट ��गत �वजय और रा�� क� मिहमा के �लए ओलं �पक म� भाग लेता है; �वजेताओं पर �व�भ� एज��सयों द्वारा उनक�
वापसी पर नकद प्रो�ाहन क� बौछार क� जाती है। प्रो�ाहन के �प म� एक इनाम िक्रया�व�ध/�मके �नज़्म के औ�च� के �खलाफ रा�
प्रायो�जत प्र�तभा-शोध और इस के �वकास क� श्रे�ता/यो�ता पर चचार् कर�।
Should the premier institutes like IITs/IIMs be allowed to retain premier status, allowed more 2014
academic independence in designing courses & also decide mode/criteria of selection of
students? Discuss in light of the growing challenges. �ा आईआईटी / आईआईएम जैसे प्रमुख सं �ानों को
उनक� अ�ग्रमता क� ��त बनाए रखने क� अनुम�त दी जानी चािहए, अ�ास/पाठ्यक्रमों क� रचना/िडजाइ�नंग म� अ�धक अकाद�मक
�तं त्रता क�, और छात्रों के चयन क� री�त/ मानदंड तय करने क� भी अनुम�त दी जानी चािहए? बढ़ती चुनौ�तयों को �ान म� रख के
चचार् कर�।
The concept of Mid Day Meal (MDM) scheme is almost a century old in India with early 2013
beginnings in Madras Presidency in pre-independent India. The scheme has again been given
impetus in most states in the last two decades. Critically examine its twin objectives, latest
mandates & success.म�ाह्न भोजन (एमडीएम) योजना क� अवधारणा भारत म� लगभग एक सदी पुरानी है, �जसक� शु�आत
पूवर्-�तं त्र भारत म� मद्रास प्रेसीड�सी म� �ई थी। इस योजना को �पछले दो दशकों म� अ�धकांश रा�ों म� िफर से आवेग/प्रो�ाहन िदया
गया है। उस के दुगनु ा उद्दे�ों, नवीनतम शासनादेश/अ�धदेशों और सफलता क� समालोचना�क �प से जांच कर�।
Identify the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that are related to health. Discuss the 2013
success of the actions taken by the Govt for achieving the same. सह�ा�ी �वकास ल�ों (एमडीजी) क�
पहचान कर� जो �ा� से सं बं�धत ह�। उसी क� प्रा�� के �लए सरकार द्वारा िकए गए काय� क� सफलता पर चचार् कर�।
⇒ With a suitable example of a Govt scheme, explain how e-governance & use of technology Mock
can result in greater transparency & accountability? एक सरकारी योजना के उपयु� उदाहरण के साथ,
समझाएँ िक कै से ई-गवन�स और प्रौद्यो�गक� के उपयोग से अ�धक पारद�शता और जवाबदेही हो सकती है?
⇒ “Use of ICT-technology has enhanced MGNREGA’s efficacy in combating rural distress.”
Elaborate. - "आईसीटी-प्रौद्यो�गक� के उपयोग ने ग्रामीण क�/सं कट से �नपटने म� मनरेगा क� प्रभावका�रता को बढ़ाया है।"
�व�ार से बताएं ।
68.7.4 ✍🎺🎺 GSM2 Syllabus: Schemes for Social Sectors → Education
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 remains inadequate in 2022-
promoting incentive-based system for children's education without generating awareness about GSM2
the importance of schooling. Analyse.(�ू ली �श�ा के मह� के बारे म� जाग�कता उ�� िकए �बना, ब�ों क� �श�ा म�
प्रेरणा-आधा�रत पद्ध�त के सं वधर्न म� �नःशु� और अ�नवायर् बाल �श�ा का अ�धकार अ�ध�नयम, 2009 अपयार्� है। �व�ेषण
क��जए। ) Answered in Youtube
How have digital initiatives in India contributed to the functioning of the educational system in 2020
the country? Elaborate your answer. (भारत म� िड�जटल पहल ने िकस प्रकार से देश क� �श�ा �व�ा के सं चालन म� GS1
योगदान िकया है? �व�ृत उ�र दी�जए ।) GSM1-2020. This is not typing mistake. UPSC indeed asked this in
GSM1 even though not ‘fitting’ in syllabus of GSM1.
National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goal-4 (2030). 2020
It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically examine the statement. GS2
(रा��ीय �श�ा �न�त 2020 धारणीय �वकास ल�-4 (२०3०) के साथ अनु�पता म� है । उसका �ेय भारत म� �श�ा प्रणाली क�
पुनःसं रचना और पुनः�ापना है l इस कथन का समालोचना�क �न�र�ण क��जए)
⇒ NEP-2020 aims to bring transformational reforms in school and higher education." Discuss. Mock
"(नई) रा��ीय �श�ा नी�त का उद्दे� �ू ल और उ� �श�ा म� प�रवतर्नकारी सुधार लाना है।" चचार् कर�।
⇒ "NEP-2020 is built on the foundational pillars of Equity, Quality, Affordability and
Accountability". Substantiate. (नई) रा�ी� य �श�ा नी�त को समानता, गुणव�ा, िकफायत/कमखच� और जवाबदेही के
�ं भों पर बनाया गया है
⇒ Enumerate the measures in the NEP for (INSERT SUB-Sector: school education / higher
education / assessment etc.) (नई) रा��ीय �श�ा नी�त के x/y/z/ �ेत्र के अनुसंधान म� प्रमुख प्रावधानों क� सूची दी�जए
68.7.5 ✍🎺🎺 Mains Answer Writing: Inclusive Growth
GSM3 Syllabus Topic: Indian Economy (issues re: planning, mobilisation of resources, growth,
development, employment); Inclusive growth & issues therein, Infrastructure
Even though there is an inverse relationship between the economic growth and equality, it is MOCK
necessary for India to pursue higher level of economic growth. Do you agree? Justify your stand.
(भले ही आ�थक वृ�द्ध और समानता के बीच एक �वपरीत सं बंध है, भारत के �लए आ�थक वृ�द्ध के उ� �र का पीछा करना आव�क
है। �ा आप सहमत ह�? अपने मं त� को ता�कक �पसे समझाइए.।)
Explain intra-generational and inter-generational issues of equity from the perspective of 2020
inclusive growth and sustainable development. (समावेशी सं वृ�द्ध एवं सं पोषणीय �वकास के प�रप्रे� म�, आंतपीढ़ी एवं
अंतपीढ़ी सा�ा के �वषयों क� �ा�ा क��जए।)
It is argued that the strategy of inclusive growth is intended to meet the objectives of 2019
inclusiveness & sustainability together. Comment on this statement. यह तकर् िदया जाता है िक समावेशी
�वकास क� रणनी�त एक साथ समावे�शता एवं ��रता के उद्दे�ों को पूरा करने के �लए है। इस कथन पर िट�णी कर�।
Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable & modern energy is the sine qua non to achieve 2018
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Comment on the progress made in India in this regard.
सतत �वकास ल�ों को प्रा� करने के �लए स�ी, �व�सनीय, िटकाऊ और आधु�नक ऊजार् तक प�ँ च आव�क शतर् है। इस स�भर् म�
भारत म� �ई प्रग�त पर िट�णी कर�।
What are the salient features of ‘inclusive growth’? Has India been experiencing such a growth 2017
process? Analyze & suggest measures for inclusive growth. 'समावेशी �वकास' क� मु� �वशेषताएं �ा ह� ? �ा
भारत ऐसी �वकास प्रिक्रया का अनुभव कर रहा है ? समावेशी �वकास के उपायों का �व�ेषण कर सुझाव द�।
Comment on the challenges for inclusive growth which include careless & useless manpower in 2016
the Indian context. Suggest measures to be taken for facing these challenges. भारतीय स�भर् म� समावेशी
�वकास क� प्रा�� हेतु अनाव�क एवं अनुपयु� जनश�� को शा�मल िकया जा रहा है | इस स�भर् म� आने वाली चुनौ�तयों पर
िट�णी कर� । इन चुनौ�तयों का सामना करने के �लए िकए जाने वाले उपायों पर सुझाव द�।
Women empowerment in India needs gender budgeting. What are the requirements & status of 2016
gender budgeting in the Indian context? भारत म� मिहला सश��करण के �लए ल��गक बजट क� आव�कता है।
भारतीय सं दभर् म� ल��गक बजट क� वतर्मान ��त एवं आव�कताएं �ा है ?
68.7.6 ✍🎺🎺 Mains Answer Writing: Women Development
GSM1 Syllabus Topic: Role of women & women’s organisation;
1. What are the continued challenges for women in India against time & space? (समय और 2019
�ान के प�रपे� म� भारत म� मिहलाओं के �लए �नरंतर चुनौ�तयां �ा ह� ?)
2. “Empowering women is the key to control population growth”. Discuss "मिहलाओं को
सश� बनाना ही जनसं �ा वृ�द्ध को �नयं �त्रत करने क� कुं जी है"। चचार् कर� |
‘Women’s movement in India has not addressed the issues of women of lower social strata. 2018
Substantiate your view. ‘भारत म� मिहलाओं के आंदोलन ने �न� सामा�जक �र क� मिहलाओं के मुद्दों को सं बो�धत
नहीं िकया है’। अपने ��कोण क� पु�� कर�।
How do you explain the statistics that show that the sex ratio in Tribes in India is more 2015
favourable to women than the sex ratio among Scheduled Castes? भारत क� जनजा�तयों म�
�लंगानुपात अनुसू�चत जा�तयों म� �लंगानुपात क� तुलना म� मिहलाओं के प्र�त अ�धक अनुकूल है, इस आंकड़े क� आप िकस
प्रकार �ा�ा कर�गे ?
How does patriarchy impact the position of a middle class working woman in India? 2014
�पतृस�ा भारत म� एक म�मवग� कामकाजी मिहला क� ��त को कै से प्रभा�वत करती है?
Discuss the various economic & socio-cultural forces that are driving increasing 2014
feminization of agriculture in India. �व�भ� आ�थक और सामा�जक-सां�ृ�तक कारक भारत म� कृ �ष �ेत्र के
ना�रकरण को बढ़ा रहे है ?
Why do some of the most prosperous regions of India have an adverse sex ratio for 2014
women? Give your arguments. भारत के कु छ सबसे समृद्ध �ेत्रों म� मिहलाओं के �लए प्र�तकू ल �लंगानुपात �ों है?
इस स�भर् म� अपने तकर् द� |
Male membership needs to be encouraged in order to make women’s organization free 2013
from gender bias. Comment. मिहला सं गठनो को ल��गक पूवार्ग्रह से मु� करने के �लए पु�ष सद�ता को प्रो�ािहत
करने क� आव�कता है।
📑📑Next & Last Handout of this Course: Pillar#4Z: Microeconomics

P #6D: W S, G D, Hdi, SDG: Illar Eaker Ection Ender Evelopment

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PILLAR#6D: WEAKER SECTION, GENDER DEVELOPMENT, HDI, SDG

65 ☪✝HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → MINORITIES, SC/ST

65.1.3 ☪✝:📊📊 Minorities → DATA/Index/Report: Census-2011

65.1.6.1 PMJVK → Sub-component → CyberGram

65.1.7 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Scheme → Education / Exams

65.1.10 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Minority Skilling → MANAS Academy

65.1.13 ☪✝:📯📯📯📯 → Pilgrim → Hajj → Mehram

65.2 HRD/EDU → WEAKER SECTION → SCHEDULED TRIBES (ST)

65.2.2 ST → Legal Protection (कानूनी सुर�ा)

65.2.3 ST → Census 2011

65.2.6 📯📯📯📯 ST → Tribal Sub Plan (1974: जनजातीय उप-योजना)

65.2.7 📯📯📯📯 ST → Vanbandhu Kalyan Yojana (2014)

65.2.8 📯📯📯📯 ST → Van Dhan Yojana

65.2.10 📯📯📯📯 ST → Central Tribal University

65.3 WEAKER SECTION → SCHEDULED CASTES (SC: अनुसू�चत जा�त)

65.3.2 SC → Legal Protection

65.3.3 SC → Census 2011 (जनगणना)

65.4.2 Weaker Section → EWS Reservation

66.1 👩👩👩→ CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS (सं वैधा�नक सं र�ण)

66.2 👩👩👩→ LEGAL PROVISIONS (कानूनी सं र�ण)

66.3 👩👩👩WOMEN →→ CENSUS-2011 [जनगणना 2011]

मिहला एवं बाल �वकास मं त्रालय consists of <list not exhaustive>

66.6 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → UNDP → GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX (GII)

66.7 👩👩👩📊📊 REPORT → WEF → GLOBAL GENDER GAP REPORT

66.7.1 👩👩👩📊📊 Report → OECD’s SIGI Report

66.7.2 👩👩👩📊📊 Gender Indices → Gender Social Norms Index (GSNI)

66.8 👩👩👩📊📊 SDG GOAL #5: GENDER EQUALITY & EMPOWERMENT

66.12.1 👩👩👩📯📯📯📯- 3 Umbrella Schemes to cover all women schemes

66.13.1 👶👶 → Constitutional Protection

66.13.4 👶👶 📯📯📯📯 HRD Weaker Section → Children → Misc. Portal/GK

- Senior citizen is a person aged 60 / >

66.15.2 🍻🍻 Drug Addicts (नशे के लती/ नशेड़ी)

66.16👭👭��WEAKER SECTION: LGBT (समल��गक और िक�र)

- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer & intersex (LGBTQI)

67.1 📊📊📊📊 UNDP’S HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT (मानव �वकास �रपोटर्)

UNDP’s report provides FIVE indices of Human Development viz.

67.1.2 📊📊📊📊UNDP → Inequality Adjusted HDI

67.4 📊📊 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT → MISC. INDICATORS

67.4.1 📊📊📊📊✍Human Development: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्)

68 🌱🌱 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)

68.3 🌱🌱 📔📔📔📔ES20 ON SDG & ENVIRONMENT

68.4.3 📙📙📙📙ES21: solar energy misused for groundwater exploitation

68.5.1 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI’s SDG India Index: overall scoring

68.5.2 🌱🌱 📐📐 📊📊 NITI SDG Urban India Index

68.5.3 🌱🌱🌱🌱 NITI’s VNR Review to UN

CoP26 Summit: Glasgow, UK in 2021

68.6.1 🌱🌱✍SDG: Conclusion-Template (�न�षर्)

📑📑Next & Last Handout of this Course: Pillar#4Z: Microeconomics

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