THE ANALOGICAL PROCESSES

Preof.Ed3 – BEED I-ABC

ANALOGICAL PROCESS is also known as ANALOGICAL THINKING which refers to our

ABILITY TO PERCEIVE (understand) and USE RELATIOANAL SIMILARITY.

 Analogical process is also called ANLOGICAL REASONING, the kind of thinking in which we
identify SAMENESS between current information and the information acquired in the past.

Information processing develops by IDENTIFYING THE NEW IDEAS TO BE LEARNED or the target
domain. It is then COMPARED to an IDEA that is already well understood matching domain and these
two domains must contain SIMILARITIES for a valid substantial comparison. When the NEW information
is learned, the TRASFER OF LEARNING follows.

 An ANALOGUE is an equivalent cognitive information in the BRAIN that can easily be accessed
or mapped when needed.

The ANALOGICAL PROCESSES INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING:

1. RETRIEVAL – prior or analogous materials or objects may be retrieved from long-term MEMORY
system.

2. MAPPING – it involves DISCOVERING which elements of the NEW problem corresponds to

elements in the STORED analogue or the presentational structure in mind.

3. ACCESS – it involves retrieval of similar analogue or other information from LONG-TERM

MEMORY when presented with the novel (new) problem.

4. ABSTRACTION – it refers to the FORMATION of general ideas about the problem.

5. REPRESENTATION – it involves the ADAPTATION of one or both representations to improve the

match or pairing of new idea.

6. EVALUATION- it involves at least three (3) kinds of judgment.

 Structural soundness
 Factual correctness
 Relevance

WHAT IS TRANSFER OF LEARNING?

TRANSFER is the effect of PRIOR LEARNING. Transfer can be extended from the original
context to the new one.
 WHY THERE IS FAILURE AND TRANSFER OF LEARNING DOES NOT WORK?
The following reasons could be possible:

1. Some bits of knowledge are EMBEDED or hard and conflicting in single context.
2. Lack of conditional knowledge.
3. Inaccurate conception of the mind.
4. Lack of “metacognition”.

 The POSITIVE transfer of learning occurs when learners could HARNESS or exploit strong
association for some RECALL in the future. It can be shown when the PREVIOUS (prior)
learning is used to acquire present learning.

 On the other hand, NEGATIVE transfer of learning occurs when learners find two (2) events or
items SIMILAR when in fact they are NOT. IN other words, negative transfer happens when
two materials are DIFFERENT.

WAYS TO PROMOTE TRANSFER OF LEARNING

1. SIMILARITY – transfer can be generated by sameness of a given learning situation.

2. ASSOCIATION – It is the special power of mind to form association that enables the child to SEE
and UNDERSTAND the relationship of two objects, information or ideas, leading to formulation
of new perceptions and learning.
3. DEGREE OF ORIGINAL LEARNING – It means that everything we do falls within a RANGE or
degree of performance. A certain activity may be categorized as EASY, AVERAGE, or DIFFICULT.
4. CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES- It is another way through which effective transfer of learning may be
promoted through CRITICAL attributes.
- ATTRIBUTES are those qualities that make object different from the rest.

WHAT IS MEMORY and RECALL?

Our memories are formed through the following:

1. We THINK, FEEL, MOVE and experience life in this environment through SENSORY STIMULI;
our BRAIN register all these experiences.
2. The BRAIN structures and processes prioritize our sensory stimuli (incites to react).
3. The CHEMICAL reactions activate brain NEURONS (nerve cells) by transmitting information to
another neurons.
4. Repetition, practice and motivation strengthen brain CONNECTIONS between nerve cells.
These connections are called SYNAPSES.
 THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION TO BETTER RECALL

1. Ask pupils to build a working model that embodies the key elements of lesson.
2. Encourage learners’ study groups.
3. Encourage good and balance food intake (nutrition)
4. Read key concepts with a musical backdrop.
5. Ask learners to MIND-MAP a lesson and share their work within small group discussions.
6. Se up PEER teaching activities or class presentation by groups.
7. Learn in different places so that each location provides a context clue.

RETRIEVAL TIPS/RECALLING (Retention of learning)

1. Increase the use of storytelling, visualization, and metaphors (symbols/images) in the class
activities.
2. Attach a strong emotion to new learning with a purposive intense activity.
3. Present a new learning within 10 minutes, then 48 hours, and again after a week (review).
4. Provider concrete reminders to new learnings such as ARTIFACTS (concrete objects).
5. Act out (dramatization) a new learning.
6. Make an ACROSTICS to new learning.
7. Depict (represent) a new learning on a large colorful poster and put it in the classroom (bulletin
display on board).
8. Ask pupils to summarize their learning using a MIND MAP (abstraction).
9. Increase accountability with constant reminders, reviews, and lesson check-ups.
10. Incorporate JOURNAL (paper works) writing as form of personal reflection.
11. Provider necessary BREAKS to consolidate learning.
12. Enrich pupils’ vocabulary skills.
13. Encourage pupils to express themselves independently with language and numeracy proficiency.
14. Integrate good virtues and worthwhile values in all learning areas.
15. Instill the spirit of nationalism and love of God.

LEONILO A. CAPELLAN
LSPU- 2023