A STUDY OF LAW MENTIONED KAUTILYA’S IDEAS ON

INTERSTATE RELATIONS AND DIPLOMACY

SANDEEP KUMAR
RESEARCH SCHOLAR- KALINGA UNIVERSITY RAIPUR

ABSTRACT

The Chanakya meant the King Maurya Chandragupta Maurya has been helped by Chanakya for
the assembly of employment. Chanakya wrote this contract during the reign period of
Chandragupta Maurya, of course, the very purpose was to make the king in the administration of
the kingdom, which was very great for the first time in the " old time. To be able to serve the '
goal of driving of the king in the affairs of the kingdom, the work of the' Arthasastra contains
one large number of management - concepts and theories. Chanakya it was a good read s ' man
and had a great knowledge of the Vedas, upnishads, Puranas and several other ancient Indian
religious books and literature, which had recognized the rich content, deep and broad knowledge
hidden in the " ancient Indian literature. On the floor of these facts, many researchers and experts
of management in India and other countries that have done the studies and research on the
culture, ethics and literature of India old. they have also discovered that the Arthasastra is one
work more potential for the management of new studies and. research they are found dayby days,
that the work is very rich in management - concepts and that will not be an exaggeration if we
call that one "Mine gold" in the management. While one little research has been done so well to
agree on the aspects of the Arthasastra and Chanakya, but there is one big scope to do more
research and study to explore the management - the concepts of Chanakya and see, its relevance
in our context today.

KEYWORDS:Law Mentioned, Kautilya’s Ideas, Diplomacy, Interstate Relations, Arthasastra

and Chanakya

1746 | P a g e
INTRODUCTION

It is extremely difficult to know when and where the reasoning policy has begun. In the world
Western, this has begun to journalists Greeks as Plato and Aristotle individually. In any case,
before this, the reasoning politician was available in a structure particularly. To communicate
these Greek essayists, at the time of age, the problems of government and legislation also began
in India. In any case, for the single fact of a certain time, some Westerners have organizers more
indicating that India had marks without the commitment of political science1 This Western
researchers have not in any case prepared to recognize Indian political art as the information. He
thought of him as a piece of Hindu - philosophy. In the like with Foster Barker and George
Sabine, the withdrawal policy began with the Greeks such as they were. In spite of the fact that
this notion is just a little ', that the political argument has begun diagnosis by Greek philosophers,
but that does media that there was no political vision before them. The truth was said before that
the organizations policies Greek were available in India makes hundreds of years. Former Indian
political scientists have said that many politicians must think and political foundations in their
books. In ancient India, similar to Greece several tests have been carried out with respect to that
of the system of government, namely, the rule of the government, government and privileged
majority. Most of the rules of the system flourished for only did one little ', still later, the
government is the most recognized by the government. The Lord is the person the most
significant and the ' CEO of the' administration. The system of the authorities is one commitment
to the family of systems aria sealing. In ancient India, the rule used for their innate everything
what successful.

DELIVERY IN THE OLD INDIAN

L ' importance of the Lord is coming to be recognized as prior to the program, that the' age of the
Vedas. The Aiterya Brahmin revealed to us that in the battle between the Devas and Asuras, the "
old were defeated in, because of the way that is needed the men, and soon was elected one of the
themselves.2 the Mahabharta held that he was skeptical to have a nation without a king. He has
been celebrated in shantiparve, that nothing is more useful for misconduct, that of a kingdom

1747 | P a g e
without a rule. Both Kautilya and Manu Concur, that without some knights, the reason why
which the fish is in the " Application for the day. Kautilya's views on the authorities looked at,
that of the ' scholars ruling of Plato. Kautilya was the most supporter of the monarchy on earth
for the government.

The hypothesis about the creation of sovereignty in ancient India are dark and almost l '
equivalent of the starting point of the speculation of the state in ancient India. The Vedic
literature has the same theory about the causes of majesty. The Vedic hypothesis is found in the
Brahmin Aiteraya. It is certified that the devas of everything, he is not the leader, but after their
destruction on behalf of an Asura, they have unanimously agreed to select a gentleman. It has
been suggested that the base of the Majesty was acquired by and Dravidian. The Majesty is
amassed to be elected in origin3 the predominant type of government in the Rigvedic term was
monarchical. The place of work of the rule has been inherited. In any case, the Lord was not
tyrannical, and it should make a vow at the time of the coronation, in the work, in the light of a
legitimate concern for the " individual. The first requirement of the rule was to protect the people
and for this purpose it has become satisfactory aggrangements.

The germ of the main starting points of the authorities has been followed by some researchers in
the Rigveda in the Psalm accredited to Puru Trasadasya rule. L ' hypothesis is more exposed in
the' Satapatha Brahmana, where the Master was said to be a manifestation of Prajapati. E ' was
neither master nor the power and the people used to handle them - the same would methods of
Dharma. The companies at this moment - that was one vicitim of the unbearable obscenities of
energy, zeal guilty pleasure and indignation, and his humiliation enfailed the destruction of the
Vedas and deftilement of the Dharma. This ideal prestatal state is basically the same that the
thoughts of Roussear of the State nature.4 alarm in this position the Lord had the air of the
security of Brahma, which is one comprehensive treatise on the " Dandaniti and when he moved
to Vishnu, the last, made Virajas. Manu said that if the government without a king has scattered
for fear of the sovereign, is the Lord for his safety.

1748 | P a g e
The post-Vedic period saw the " rise of the revolutionary empire. There has been a growing
function of the ' amount of aid officer, the head of the' organization. The rule has the accepted
advice of the ' meeting of priests in the course of the functioning of the government. the Lord is
the head of the legal administation.5 Ramayan and M ahabharta are very old legends of our
country. During the period of the Ramayana and Mahabharta, the type of government was the
government. the head of the government was the sovereign. the basic motivation behind the rule
was to fulfill their obligations to promote " ethical quality of construction is booming and
satisfaction of the people and the defense of their advantages. The Lord is responsible for the
protection of the people.6 the design of the majestic eternity come to its end, when the
Mahabharata completely indentified the rule of God Vishnu. The deity has been confirmed by
men from the Puranos and the Smriti. During the Mahabharata period of the Government has
been evaluated "Saptanghi" and Head of the type of government was the government. The Lord
has established one case of high thoughts and who was responsible for the well - being of
people.7

At the time of Maurya, Kautilya was the acclaimed prime minister of Chandragupta Mauriya.
The most well - known book for Maurya period was Arthashastra consists of Kautilya it is to
accept the monarchy and sovereignty is better the kind of government. He said that the people in
the revolt have initially chosen Manu for their sovereign and distribution of 1/6 of wheat and
1.10 of the product as a contribution to the sovereign. The Lord was in him the " obligation to
keep to the good - the and security of their subjects.

An element extraordinary, that the " notion of the magnificence of Kautilya includes in its
response to the trends monarchical and dynastic and the affected his conception of the power.
His notion of authority is demonstrated by its extensive level of training of the leaders and the"
Impact of their thoughts of leaders that the preparation is reflected in their downfall for the
country from the rules of the state to create. He was responsible for the ' setting up of more
registered Kingdom in India9 Kautilya urged to the king to plague the' advancement of the
people and to organize the laws of different applications and segments of society. It is the R Egel

1749 | P a g e
in which the obligations of the two Indra (the Vergelter) and Yama (the Punisher) are filled. The
sovereign is constantly an open person dedicated to the " administration of the state.

Election hypothesis of sovereignty was not dark in the ancient India and in addition the '
hypothesis of an agreement, as the unciated before with respect to the cause of the condition. In
the ' early Vedic period, it was in the same case of the election. In the Rig Veda describes the
people, that the election of the Lord. The repressed Kautilya Arthashastra, which the ruler must
rotate for the enthusiasm of his relatives. His exceptional position is offset by the important
commitment that has fallen on his screams. In Kautilya map of the Lord was the ' switch to the'
organization and had in substance to play one positive and for employment in the '
government.10 In the Arthashastra, the rule of most of open organization has been awarded as
the' principal delegate. The leader must be a researcher of high legitimacy. In the constituent
component of the situation of the rule that starts things outside the claims of legitimacy.

THE KING AND ITS QUALITY

Kautilya as the Lord 's "Spreader of Dharma" Kautilya was the first to make one way of ethics of
thought to the majesty. Kautilya was looking for one strong rule that you could be launched
called problem when in was in favor of one flat in monarchy.11 It has to be vigilant and fire
away in any case, the ' whole of the system will be stale and harmful. The slow rule will
undoubtedly be overwhelmed by your enemies. The boss is the boss of the ' totality of the system
of government. Kautilya was a solid defender of an illustrious position. A Mr. Perfect is the
which has the features of the highest of the initiative, the vitality, the vitality, and other attributes
of the person, because the ruler was one good and legitimate examples of position of trust.

As for Kautilya, the rule was designed in an honorable and large family, favorable luck,
intelligence and an incredible relationship with the old man, his truth was only infallible,
energetic and successful, without breaking his guarantee, proof of appreciation with high for
points not be slow, with more land then neighboring lords and with the pastors of high quality.12
What are the characteristics of one fascinating species. The rule is h in one place with the

1750 | P a g e
Ksatriya Post.
Control features of infellect are primarily the ability of understanding, the desire to learn, to
think, to get one grip on, so in consideration of the information that the rejection of the false
prospect of an agreement in the of other people and stick to the real ones. A perfect rule must be
expressive, striking and inverted with a strong sense of a strong spirit and a strong personality.
Which is by its nature to management. You have to be very well prepared in all the expressions
of the ' man of experience and has the ability to provoke the' army. It should be, only
inrewarding and repel. Lord had to have the front view of enjoy it - even in the open doors of
sufficient time to locate and type of action.13 A perfect ruler was - to be, to know how to handle
in typical times and in the middle of the emergency, he must know when to fight and when to
mark harmony when he looks to treat and when he is hit with the enemies of the gap. And ' the
damage with no loss of material or secret, never intimidation, published l' energy, determination
whimsicalness, stir and defamation inclinations, in a conversation with " another with one smile
on his face and look at the rate as is indicates by maturing individual as in the idea of the
presence of the mind.

Kautilya gives more to the rule of the remarkable majority place in the " whole system of
government issues and organization. In principle, the majesty of the authority of the rule, as the
only institution of all the exercises of the network. The Lord must be Kama, Krodha and revenge
control. the rule, which is a passivist, without the vitality and activity will end up in the wrong. it
has to be the ' one who acted without deception to his partner.

EDUCATION AND TRAINING OF THE KING

Kautilya was unusually specific about the statement of the Lord in the light of the fact that
solitary one rule with one sign of personality and body is carried out, the state of the organization
for the well - is of the people on the lines. Kautilya easy, because the details of a Incorporated
regime of instructions for the simultaneous improvement of the of the domain of the mind and
character.15 The Lord must be made self - monitoring by appropriate instructions before he takes
the reins of the ' administration. The point of the statement of the Lord is to avoid that the

1751 | P a g e
development of the trend of despostism in your consciousness. The Prinz training is to start with
one khowledge of arithmetic and composition (UPI) and the sequel of the study (I) three Vedas
(ii) philosophy among teachers (iii) the diversity branch of financial life, and ( iv) the study of
the community among educators informed of its rules and practices. The rule is to observe
continence repetitions Brahmacharya up in the ' age of 16, when it is to be married.

The Arthashastra of Kautilya pointed out that the Lord has to be, an expert in financial aspects
and study the government (dandniti).17 For this reason, special efforts were made to prepare that
in writing, to open archives and other military strategies and activities It was in part of the old
men of State and plastering of them have the collective understanding. As indicated by Kautilya
numbness and non - appearance of the control is the main source of all diseases of the political
body.

The rule has to be just about ready to control your direction. It has to be said in Anvisksiki
(philosophy), Vedic Lare-beams (theology) in varta (financial aspects), in Dandniti (legislative
issues), in the humanities and social sciences. Lord must be Infarmed to respect the "
investigation of Arthashastra, Nitisara, Dandaniti military and combat craft.18 Kautilya solid
special emphasis on the scientific and moral end of the rule. Your whole statement depends on
your satisfaction over the control of the indriyas, It is absolutely essential that the desire for
anger, throat, groping, arrogant and vain Glary.

In order to keep his subjects in the sense of duty, he had to overcome his presence. Only one
gentleman who is qualified taught doveted to one mere monitoring of the issues and aware of the
well - being of each creature is enjoy the land without hindrance. He is ' has left the sovereign be
thankful end, brave and have the mastery of self. Kautilya optimum Lord was to be an
expansion, constantly occupied with more and more the limits of his kingdom.20 The rule was
the very existence of the State. The rule was the certainty of the Dharma.

RE EVERY DAY WORKOUT

1752 | P a g e
Kautilya offers incredible emphasis on the " end of the Lord. He turns to the front, his Lord to be
inactive and liberal. He has given a timeschedule depth to the day- to- day life of a gentleman.
He had separated the day and the night in eight sections each, and the sovereign is invited to
monitor the obligations assigned to each time. During the first eight parts of the day, the Lord is
in this station and go in the the records of income and the state of the participation in the room
hearing and is that the reports on his in military.21 the course of the next part, to investigate, the
enterprises of the two residents and nations people22 and examination of the Janpad and U -
Bahn - work. the third party must worry about in the vicinity of the houses issues such as shower
dinner, and so on. in the fourth part of the rule should take charge of questions tressury and
determination of officials.

In the fifth part is expected to be devoted to consulting with pastors, the correspondence, the
questions secret to obtain information secret from the spies in etc.23 course of the sixth part,
nuclear it - also in self - examination during the seventh to monitor the assembly of elephants,
Steed, tanks and the infantry, and during the ' eighth, to reflect on the different levels of the
military tasks with its official head. At the end of the day, the Lord was to see, the night
prayer.The night as astute separate in eight sections. The first to eighth part of the day dedicated
to accommodate emissaries secret and the ruler must satisfy the high authorities or persons
importantes.24 the next shower and dinner followed a rigorous contemplation. The third, on
entering the bed room in the center of the sound of music, the fourth and fifth pieces are stored
for the rest and the rule was - to be one ambitious person. In the sixth part to Mr. being
transferred to the sound of trumpets, if you were to check- in his head the orientation of science,
but as his day to day homework. In the seventh part, you must manage the secrets of the agents
and have consulotations with secret agents.25 And in the ' eighth to get invocations of religious
conciliation educators and pious priest to talk about your doctor, the chief cook and Fortune
tellers and money in cash tied advisor, the Total of the round of the requirements recommended
for the rule. A king is in this way 10.1 / 2 hours over twenty of four as his own time. It was not
be, if that this calendar has been followed in full as one rule, but no was little doubt that many

1753 | P a g e
monarchs played in their day to day for the obligations to be one bit " more solid daily practice.
In Any case, every rule, the.

FUNCTIONS OF THE KING AND POWERS OF THE KING

The boss is the boss of the ' totality of the system of government. Nothing moves without your
intuition. It has enormous powers and is an interesting revolutionary position. In ' ancient India,
the government has never mentioned individual labor policy. The Hindu believed that the ability
administrative contained in its entirety the series of measures defensive and disciplinary,
regardless of the commitments dynamic essential to ensure that the issue of a recognized
legitimate of their thoughts out materials in the presence of humans. 27 According to Kautilya
the Lord is the director of the residence of state, and that is the satisfaction in the Kingdom to his
subject. The King as the defender of the people could be pushed to the contempt of the well
known welfare.28 If the king is cheerful, its themes will be the same force in the ' outside chance
that he is neglected, it will not just be crazy in this way, even more space in his works also one
wild his r 's realm entity falls under the control of its opponents. Now the rule is that there are
cautions that the Lord has to be qualified in the ' activities of management and must have one
signal there. The rule has a strong and diverse skills. Kautilya describs to about standards
requirements such as, for example : official obligations, which the authorities obligations legal
obligations, financial capacity, military capacity, promote the trade and the economy, promotion
of the expressions and instructions. The standard was required to perform, and to fulfill its
various obligations, other than that each day time work:

OFFICIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS

Insurance maintained to be the ' Au over all other the requirements of the rule of time of
Kautilya. Moreover, it was the ' acceptable term of the problems, and l' commitment to do great
in all the individuals. E ' was the turn of the Lord to give the home have achieved Reif, the
degradation, the poverty and the vulnerability to maintenance.29 Rey needs to ensure the safety
of the in people both inside and remote control. He needed to prevent theft robbery murder and

1754 | P a g e
slaughter in his kingdom. She has to be the defender of the people poor and the women pregnant
oppressed particularly poor. It should exercise its enforcement authority against the sulfurous. It
is the duty of the people to make the rule against eight types of national clamities as fires, floods,
epidemics of disease, hunger, rodents. Snakes, tigers and so on.

In Administarative obligations Lord has l ' intensity of the delegations priests, spy amatyas,
diplomats and so on and developed one system of organization. You must keep on the right and
petition to the state with the help of your priests and officials. You must keep your people with
the help of your soldiers, spies and diplomats. The Lord has delegated several powers to the
priests and exercised command over them. The eighth part of the day to day the calendars of the
Lord has taken place during the rule of correspondence of principles with the get together of
priests. His bond management has been strangely overwhelming. Is delegated the fervent
religious, the arrangement of With members of the clergy and the control is carried out in the
same was the duty of the rule.

AUTHORIZED FUNCTIONS

The sovereign is the ' image of the authorities ' and justice, but the Lord is not the maker of the
law. It was just to make the law as approved by the revelation of God in anchored character, the
manners and customs. The best case scenario, it is estimated that the powerof subordinated issue
where by he can create rules and regulations for the daily organization, unless it is committed to
managing the circle of social narms.32 Kautilya not think the issue of the men as a first deputy or
legislators. The first requirement of the rule is to regulate the law. The centralization of the
organization of Justice under the rule is welcome. The authoritarian power of the king passes
more through the transfer of justice.

1 Legal functions

The chief was the head of the judiciary, but it is not a source of law. The head of which the judge
and also noted that justice is regulated fairly. In the allocation of Justice, one leader must
recognize his son and the ennemi.33 one intense end to the control of the Judge rested entirely in

1755 | P a g e
the hands of teachers. It could make or change the law, and that was only to avoid law.34 The
rules must be right to push the judge if the latter is not provided in the essential requirements,
marks, unnecessary delays in the release of its commitment to the " observers give their
characters and so on, if one judge forces one bit ' assembly, the Lord will rebuke the judges with
one same kind of discipline.

2 Functions related to money

The present bureaucratic apparatus developed by Kautilya installed in the strong creation of the
fund. Over time, business the strength of the norm were both recent and broad. The rule has the
intensity budget to force spending and the range of income. It usually makes its treasure loaded
up with gold, jewels and Jem etc.35 It was the, the duty to see that the treasure was not draining
from one connection Treasury eaten on residents and the Nations people. The ruler has examined
the records of income and customs and has designated and managed the control in general,
whose functions were a serious and varied gentleman, who has the ability to negotiate directly,
trade and industry. He asks his officery take care of the mines and companies control the market
prices of the products and reject the trade, the " cheating the people. This commitment to the '
Lord of the' ossessio that of the test of the spending.

3 Military functions

As the incomparable leader of the ' army, the rulers of the Arthahastra had the' obligation to
evaluate the ' elephant, the horse, the tanks and the infantry. Regla is the ' incomparable officer
of the' army. The ruler is the sovereign and has the ability to proclaim, he went and ends in
harmony. The rule has the right to adopt any technology, you get one chance to walk on, to the
possibility of profits of war.36 The ' Hindu political thought fully exercised, the criticality of the
direct of the external connection. Each rule should have a remote control: the pastor, who had an
important change in the choice of the demand for harmony and war.

1756 | P a g e
4 Guarantee the social order

The fuse of Varnashramdharma for the recognition of Dharma (duty) is an important

commitment of the ' king.37 In the Vedic period, the Government had been allowed to carry out
the social, the application called from similarity with God and recommended by the Vedas. The
Lord must see that each individual is responsible for his svadharma and fulfills the obligations
established in his classification. Its main objective is to guarantee the good of the good - to be of
the person and the " expectation of the social in question. That is to replace a serious company
with a gr the public variables, where strong and weak, will be in the Attendance: In the previous
time of political plot life is not free from the good life in the light of the reality that the " last
constantly form of ForMor. The life of the Lord and the resident lived from the essential
principle of Varna Ashrama Dharma are considered as ideal for the perfect body.

5 Society Stinging of calamities

The rule was to protect his biggest audience of the normal just as exceptional disasters such as
fires, floods, epidemics, famines, wild creatures serpants and so on. As per, Kautilya, the rule is
that you do n't do the officted between your object like a father would do with his children. The
Lord was very busy with the promotion of good - they are from the residents. The rule was to
guarantee wood, elephant forests, traffic jams. The promotion of the profession and training is in
addition to responcibility of the Lord.

CONCLUSION

The display of the background of the history of the old idea to political India is the story of
characters remarkably. Kautilya, the old brains of India we have given their rich ideas, policies
and leaders, and the expenses of the government Kautilya was the main student of politics of the
" Indian old. His work of art perfectly " The Arthashastra " shows the great composition of one
statesman and scholar. there is no precedent for the history of the fabric background of ancient
India, Kautilya has Arthashastra conducted the study of legislative issues institutional and

1757 | P a g e
logical, with the exception of the legends of history and Purana no name was more recognizable
to the Indians as that of Kautilya.

Take one map of proportion with legends and references, which are supposed Kautilya was
designed for Chanca and therefore it can be known as Chankya has been designed in the ' kutala
gotra and then will be known as Kautilya and because its inhabitants are devoted to Lord Vishnu,
who have called the Vishnugupta. Kautilya was the prime minister, leader and director of
Chandergupta Mauriya. It runs ahead, the main Indian empire of the Association of the then
different kingdoms in sub- continent India. Centuries after the hours of Manu, what it shows up
in the fourth century BC. One of the most unique minds in the field of politics, Kautilya.

There is a debate in reference to Kautilya and his Arthshastra, but that is normal, that Kautilya is
a true creator of Arhashastra. His Arthashastra is the ' work of the most significant in the
spending of the government in the' India old. Kautilya Arthashastra has been lost close to the end
of the tradition Gupta. In 1905, Dr. Shamasastry found the Arthashastra.

After found Arthashastra to have been amazing to provoke the creation of Arhashastra from
Indian and Western thinkers.Thus, the study has found the key to the investigation that L ' is the'
author of Arthashastra and has his degree. Kautilya Arthashastra has exercised one influence
extraordinary and kamandakiya, Nitisara the Nitivakyamrta of Somadeva, the Mudrarkasa draw
one large part or one part of your team of the Arthashastra.

Kautilya Arthashastra is a copy of a case of special state and government spending. It is the '
only Indian model in international open, one of the management of the chain of command of the
authorities, the advantages and disadvantages of the administration, including humiliation,
topographical divisions of the field, the field of organization in a way generally useful
coordination area fills, the income tax on lands of collection, the law and justice. It is divided
into 15 Adhikarnas, with 180 prakaranas. He got in touch with every part of life. And not only
the agreements with the " hypothetical part of the inscription, and in addition to playing down no
doubt useful rules for the leader.

1758 | P a g e
REFERENCE

1. Beni Prasad, Theory of Government in the Indian Old, Allahabad Central Books, 1968,
P-1.

2. Prem Gupta, Indian political thought, Raj Publishers, Jalandhar 2013, P-534.

3. KP Jayaswal, Hindu Politics, Bangalore Printing Press, 1967 P-4.

4. Shiva Kumar Mital, l ' comprehensive approach of Sri Aurobindo to political thought
Motilal Banarsi Dass, Delhi, 1988, p. 31.

5. Vishwanath Prasad Varma, studies on the thought political Hindu and its foundations
metaphysicians, Motilal Banarsi Dass, Delhi, 1952, P-56 °

6. Umesh Kumar think Kautilya in the management public, the organization of the National
Book, New Delhi in 1990, P-1

7. Dusmanta Kumar Mohanty, Indian political tradition : from Manu to Ambekkar, Anmol
Publication, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 1997, P-1.

8. Parmer, Techniques of State Crafts : A Study by Kautilyas Arthashastra, Atmaram &

Sons Publisher, 1996, P-2.

9. Dusmanta Kumar Mohanty, Indian political tradition : from Manu to Ambekkar, Anmol
Publication, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 1997, P-30.

10. A Parmer, Techniques of State Crafts : A Study by Kautilyas Arthashastra, Atmaram &
Sons Verlag, 1996, P-2.

11. PKNandeshwar, modern Indian political thinker, Chandlok Prakashan, P-1.

12. Dusmanta Kumar Mohanty, Indian political tradition : from Manu to Ambekkar, Anmol
Publication, Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 1997, P-31.

1759 | P a g e
13. Ram Chandra Gupta, great political thinker, Lakshmi Narain Agarwal Educational
Publishers, Agra 1994, p. 51

14. RP Kangle, Die Kautilya Arthashastra, Motilal Banarsdas Pvt. Ltd., Delhi 1961, P-1.

15. Ebenda.P -1.

16. S. Vijayaraghavan, Political Thought, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi
1981, p. 36

17. R. Shamasastry, Kautilyas Arthashastra, GHRama Rao Verlag Mysore 1967, P-6.

18. S. Vijayaraghavan, Political Thought, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi
1981, p. 35

*****

1760 | P a g e