Module in Health Education Grade 9 Quarter 3 Arne A. Sales Faculty UEPLHS 3° Quarter Module G- 9 Copper Unintentional Injury Prevention, Safety and First Aid Overview: Prevention is better than cure. Practicing this principle advocates safety awareness which is essential in achieving quality of life. But our immediate environment poses danger to everyone. Accidents may happen to anybody at any place, at any time. Thus taking the right safety measures greatly helps prevent accidents and injuries. Nevertheless, when accidents happen, it is important to have the knowledge and skills to deal with them. Having knowledge and skills on safety education and injury prevention could help you, your loved ones and other people in your community during emergency situation. The focus of this module is to know the common unintentional injuries that may happen at home, school, work and even in recreational areas, and analyses why such injuries occur. In order to prevent or reduce the risks of these serious injuries, you will learn the concepts and principles of safety education, practice the habits of observing appropriate personal safety measures, and take responsibility for your safety and that of others by performing appropriate skills and knowledge in first aid procedure. Keep in mid that accidents and injuries can be a result of a situation, an unsafe action or unsafe environment. You can do a lot to prevent injuries by understanding the situation, being captions and being aware of safety hazards in your immediate environment. The processes of developing awareness of immediate hazard and dangers, equipping you with appropriate accident prevention skills to overcome these hazards, and keeping everyone alive are ‘components of safety education. Safety education is important because living is more enjoyable when we safe. Always remember that if you want to live happily, you have to do things safely, reduce the risk of accidents, reduce unnecessary risk taking, develop safety consciousness at all times. Once you internalize safety awareness in your system, this influences you to think and act with due regard for your safety and and that of other as well. Scanned By Camera ScannerLearning Outcome: 1. Discuss the basic of first aid such as principles, roles, and responsibility. 2. Identify the objectives of first aid and the roles and responsibilities of a first aider. 3. Enumerate the characteristics of a good first aider. 4. Identify common unintentional injuries in the school setting 5. Assess emergency situation for unintentional injuries. 6. Demonstrate the proper procedure in conducting basic life support, such as primary and secondary survey of the victim. 7. Discuss the importance of dressing and bandages. 8. Demonstrate appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries. 9. Demonstrate proper techniques | carrying and transporting victims of unintentional injuries. Lesson 1. The Basic of First Aid First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured, It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed. It can mean the difference between life and death in extreme cases. However, we must know the limits of the first aid we can give because improper first aid can actually do more harm than good in some instances. Objectives of first aid 1. To alleviate suffering 2. To prevent addedi/further injury or danger 3. To prolong life What is a first aider? A first aider is trained personnel who provide first aid or itis the person or rescuers who administer first aid. Being a first aicer comes with roles and responsibilities. The following are the roles and responsibilities of a first aider: 1. Bridges the gap between the victim and physician. 2. Ensure safety of hinvher and the —_ bystanders 3. Gains access to the victim 4, Determines any threats to patient's life 5. Summons advanced medical care as needed 6. Provides needed care for the patient 7. Records all findings and care given to the patient Scanned By Camera ScannerThe characteristics of a good first aider 1. Gentle. A good first aider must not cause any pain 2. Resourceful. A good first makes use of things at hand with best capabilities 3. Observant. A good first aider notices all signs 4, Tactful. A good first aider does not make the victim worry . ‘A good first aider comforts the victim 6. Respectable. A good first aider has a professional and caring attitude The first aider should systematically assess the victim by doing the followin; 4, Obtain consent of the victim 2. Gain the confidence of the victim 3. Identifying victim's problems and which of them requires immediate first aid 4, Get useful information about the victim for use of attending medical personnel afterwards First aid guidelines and procedures 1. Primary survey Perform a quick and systematic survey of the person to establish any conditions of injuries sustained as life threatening. Check for vital signs, C.A.B. and control serious bleedings. Check the vital signs such as: ‘A. Body temperature ~ measurement of the body's capacity to produce and eliminate heat. The standard body temperature varies on gender, recent activity, food and liquid intake, time of day, and menstruation for women. B. Pulse rates the heart rate or the count of heart beats per minute. It also — indicated heart rhythm and strength of the pulse. Adults with pulses of 60- 100 per minute are in good physical shape C. Respiration rate - the number of the breaths a person takes per minute usually measured during a person's rest. The normal rate for an adult person Scanned By Camera ScannerD. Blood pressure — the force of blood pushing the artery walls measured with blood pressure cuff and stethoscope. Normal blood pressure reading should be less than 120/80 What is CAB? Itis technique of lifesaving when a person’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped. It is useful in emergencies like heart attack or near-drowning situations >Circulation = restoring blood circulation by chest compression > Airway ~ clearing the airway of the victim for breathing >Breathing ~ breathing for the victim through mouth to mouth or mouth to nose Application of C.A.B > Compression — hand in the center of chest between nipples. Push 1.5 - 2 inches on adult at 100 compressions per minutes > Airway — tilt patient's head, lft the chin to allow air to flow freely though airway > Breathing - tilt chin, give two breaths and do chest compression again 2. Ask for help ~ call for emergency medical services and always be informed of ‘emergency hotlines in the area such as Red Cross hotline No. 143. Be calm and speak clearly when reporting to emergency hotlines 3. Secondary survey — methodically check other injuries or illness by performing a head to toe examination. Check the head and face, neck, abdomen, limbs, and back. Also, check for history of casualty like allergies, last meal, past and present medical history, medication, and events leading to the incident. Survey of the scene and the victims Vital signs are measures of various physiological status taken in order to assess the most basic body functions. The act of taking vital signs normally entails recording body temperature, pulse rate or heart rate, blood pressure and respiratory rate. Before, Airways, Breathing and Circulation (ABC) are mnemonics for essential steps used by both medical professionals and lay persons such as first aiders when dealing with a patient. Scanned By Camera ScannerIn 2010, the Americans Heart Association is rearranged the ABCs of cardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in its American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. For more than 40 years, CPR training has emphasized the ABCs of CPR, which instructed people to open a victim’s airway by tilting their head back, pinching the nose and breathing into the victim's mouth, and only then giving chest ‘compressions. This approach was causing significant delays in starting chest compressions, which are essential for keeping oxygen-rich blood circulating through the body. Changing the sequence from A-B-C to C-A-B for adults and children allows all rescuers to begin chest compressions right away. Difference between signs and symptoms Signs are tails discovered by applying senses such as sights, touch, hearing and smell during the course of the examination. Example: > Bleeding > Swelling > Deformities ‘Symptoms are sensations that the victim feels or experiences and may be able to describe Example > Nausea Vomiting Heat Impaired sensation vvvv Two ways to conduct physical examination when giving first aid 1, Primary survey Primary survey is used when the victim is unconscious and to find out and immediately treat life-threatening conditions. A. Check for consciousness 1. Ask the victim, while carefully shaking the victim's shoulder 2. When there is no response, not even mumbles or groans, the victim is unconscious and in need of immediate medical help. Scanned By Camera ScannerB. Open the airway 1. The victim's unconsciousness may be due to an obstruction in his/her airways. It may also be caused by a narrowed airways making breathing impossible 2. Find out if there is loss of muscular control in the throat area which allows the tongue to slip back and block the throat. 3. Lift the chin and tilt the head of the victim. This way you will be able to lift the tongue from the back of the throat, leaving the airways clear. C. Check for breathing 1. Put your face near the victim's mouth and look, listen and feel for breathing. You should observe for chest movement, sound of breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek. D. Check for circulation 1. Locate pulse using your middle and index finger. Pulse indicates blood circulation, which is essential for the heart and brain to function. 2. Poor blood circulation may be reflected on the pale color of the skin. This is an indication of fatal. 3. Perform CPR immediately to revive circulation. 2. Secondary Survey Secondary survey used when the victim is conscious or has revived. Ir aims, to detect everything about the patient's condition. A. History taking ‘SAMPLE PAIN is the mnemonic in order to perform the steps more easily. ‘S-symptoms (the chief complaint of the patient) Acallergy (find out if the victim is allergic to anything) M-medication (what are the medicines he/she is currently taking) P-previous illness (that may be related to the problem) L-last meal (only for those subjects for operation) E-events prior to what happened P-period of pain ‘Acarea (where is the pain coming from?) Lintensity Nenullify Scanned By Camera ScannerB. Checking for vital signs A. Pulse rate Steps in checking the pulse: 1. Place the finger tips over an artery where it either crosses a bone or lies close to the skin 2. Feel the pulsations as the pressure wave of blood causes the vessel wall to expand. The pulse rate may be taken in different points in the body like the following: a. Brachial b. Carotid c. Wrist d. Temporal e. Subclavian f. Axillary g. Femoral NO-NO in Getting Pulse Rate a. Never use your thumb b. Do not palpate both the carotid arteries at the same time. c. Do not take the pulse when the victim is in sitting position. Pulsations disappear s the victim is elevated to a sitting position. d. Never put too much pressure or massage the carotid. You may disturb the heart's electrical conduction system. Normal Pulse Rate 60-70 Men 70-80 Women | 80-90 Children over 7 years old 80-120 Children over 1 ~7 years old 110 - 130 Infants Scanned By Camera ScannerB. Temperature Guidelines in checking temperature: > Itis being important to monitor temperature in the case of stroke and high fever > Body temperature is measured by using a thermometer within the: 4. Rectum (rectal) 2. Oral (mouth) 3. Axillary (armpit) n fines in checking respiration: > Count the number of breaths per minute. > Awhistle sound or wheeze and difficulty in breathing may mean an asthma attack > Agurgling or snoring noise and difficulty in breathing may mean that the tongue, mucous or something else is stuck in the threat and does not let enough air to get through D. Skin color Guiltiness in checking skin color: yi Skin color reflects the circulation of blood and the saturation of oxygen in the blood. The presence of mucous around the mouth, inner eyelids, and nail beds is a sign of poor blood circulation > Abealthy skin is warm and pink because blood flows normally in the blood vessels. ei C. Head to Toe Examination 1. Head and neck v Check if there are any lacerations or contusion in the area. Check is there is a presence of blood in the victim's hair, if there is immediately find out where it is coming from. Has a skull fracture victim v ¥ Scanned By Camera Scanner2. Eyes Examine and check closely the pupils Pupil Appearance ‘Assessment a. Dilated pupil State of shock b. Very small pupils Poison or use of prohibited _drugs ¢. Different size Head injury that requires | immediate attention d. Small and bright Pupils are reaction e. No reaction Death 3. Chest > Check for cuts, bruises, penetrations, and other impairments > If the victim feels pain while you apply pressure onto his/her chest, there could be a rib fracture. 4, Abdomen > Check if the there is a pain coming from abdomen > Check if there is an ender in abdomen > Get immediate medical assistance if person feel any lumps in the abdomen 5. Back > Check if there is any movement > If there is, do not move or immot the victim lower extremities ize the victim. Top ten things to do in case of emergency 4. Shout for help 2. Survey the scene and assess the situation 3. Determine if the accident warrants a visit to the nearest hospital 4. Begin CPR right away if the victim needs it. 5. Stop the bleeding, if there is any. 6. Treat any symptoms of shock T. Look for the medical alert tag in every victim 8. Seek trained medical assistance 9. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious victim. 10. Wait for medical professionals to arrive. Scanned By Camera ScannerTechniques in bandaging and dressing of wounds Wounds should be dressed and bandaged after bleeding is controlled. Covering wounds prevent infection and control bleeding. Proper wound care enhances healing, comforts the victim, and helps in fast recovery. Improper wound care can cause infection and may even result in loss of body parts. Different types of Bandages 1. Triangular bandage commonly used to support fractures and dislocations, apply splints, form slings, and make Improvised toumniquets 2, Tubular bandage is an elasticated compression support bandage commonly used for ankle sprains, arm injuries, knee support, sore muscles and bruising 3. Roller bandage is a strip of gauze or cotton material prepared in a roll which can be used to immobilize injured body parts. 4. Cravat bandage is a folded triangular bandage. Different types of dressing and bandage: 1. Triangular Bandage —- Commonly used to support fractures and dislocations, apply splints, from slings, and make improvised tourniquets. ‘Square or Reef Knot - used in tying triangular bandages. z L R ut Untie a reef knot Left Right Cross Right Cress Left Reef Knot (U-shape) Scanned By Camera ScannerScanned By Camera ScannerTriangular Bandage for Hand Scanned By Camera Scanner2. Cravat Bandage — a folded triangular bandage Cravat of Head or Ear Scanned By Camera ScannerScanned By Camera ScannerSprained Ankle Bandage with shoe on at oe 1. Start with a cravat 2. Cross the bandage infront ofthe boot heel_ in back of the beat > tg 3.Crossthe bandage 4, Loopthebandage —§. Pull snug and end over the boat laces around the “stirrup” with a square knot (both left and righty. over the laces. You may have to continue yoo: widemsns tk be spite af @ sprained ankis. in sat coun. keep cbse oo und Go sprained ankle bandage sve i Cravat for Leg Zz lo Jo lo Figure 240. Cravat bandage applied to leg (Ittusrrated A thre C). Scanned By Camera ScannerTerminology 1. Dressing — is a piece of sterile cloth that covers a wound to prevent infection and to stop bleeding 2. Cold Compress — is used to reduce swelling and relieve pain, especially used for sprains and strain 3, Bandage — are used to apply pressure to bleeding for covering wounds and burns and provide support for immobilization for broken bones, sprain and strain Kinds of Open Wounds 4. Puncture, is a piercing wound caused by nails, needles and other pointed objects. 2. Abrasion, is caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a rough surface. 3. Incision, is a cut caused by knife, broken glass or any sharp object 4, Laceration, is a blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues usually resulting from mishandling tools and other accidents 5, Avulsion, is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues. ‘st Aid for Open Wounds with Severe Bleeding 1. Remove or cut clothing as necessary to expose wound. 2. Control bleeding by applying direct pressure. 3. Elevate the injured part above the heart except for eye injury and wounds with embedded object. 4. Cover wounds with sterile dressing and bandage. 5. Care for shock 6. Consult a physician immediately. The Purpose of Bandaging 1. Create pressure over an area 2. Immobilize a part of the body and restrict its motion 3. Support and protect wounds from contamination. 4, Reduce bleeding or prevent edema 5. Secure a splint or dressing, Scanned By Camera ScannerTransporting the victim The different ways of transporting a victim ONE-MAN CARRY Ankle Pull a, This method is the quickest way to move a victim in a short distance on an even ground. Victims would not prefer this kind of method 'b. Hold the victim on ankles or pants. ¢. Pull with your legs, with your back as straight as possible 4. Keep pulling on a straight line as possible e, Watch over the head for possible bounce on uneven surface Scanned By Camera ScannerShoulder Pull a, This method supports the head1 of the victim. It is preferred than ankle pull. Rescuer should bend over at the waist while pulling b. Hold the victim by the clothing under the shoulder c. Support the head by keeping your arms on both side d. Keep pulling on a straight line possible One-person Lift a. This method is suitable for children or very light people b. Put your arms under the victim's knees and around their back Scanned By Camera ScannerFirefighter Carry a. This is used to carry a victim in longer distances. Positioning the victim demands a very able rescuer or someone's assistance b. Victims is placed over one shoulder ¢. Wrap one arm across victim's legs and grip the victims opposite arm Scanned By Camera ScannerBlanket pull a. This is an ideal way of pulling a victim b. Position the victim on a blanket with head 2ft. from one corner of the blanket . Wrap the blanket comers around the victim 4. Pull with your legs, with your back as straight as possible e. Keep pulling on a straight line as possible Scanned By Camera ScannerPack-strap Carry a. This is usually done to carry the victim in longer distances b. Place both victims’ arms over your shoulders ¢. Cross victims’ arms, holding the wrists with arms, close to your chest 4. Balance load with your hips and support the victims with your legs Scanned By Camera ScannerTWO-PERSON CARRY Human Crutch/Two-person Drag In this method, conscious victims can use rescuers as crutches in swinging their legs. For unconscious victims, this method moves the victim out of immediate danger quick and easy a. With the victim on the ground, rescuers stand on either side of the victim's chest b. Rescuer hand nearest the feet grabs the victims wrist on their side of the victim while other hand grasps the clothing of the shoulder nearest them . Put the victim in a sitting position by pulling and lifting the victims arms . The conscious victim stands with rescuers assistance and rescuers hands around the victims waist Scanned By Camera Scannere. For unconscious victim, rescuers will hold the belt or waistband of the victims clothing {. The rescuer will squat down , placing the victims arm over their shoulders and ending up facing the same direction as the victims g. Using their legs, they stand with the victim and move3 out dragging the victims legs behind Four-handed Seat tab a. This method entails carrying conscious and alert victims to moderate distances. His is only used when victims are able to stand unsupported and hold themselves upright during transport b. Rescuer grab wrists as shown forming the seat ¢. Allow the victim to sit by lowering the seat using legs, not the back. Victim's arms are placed around the rescuers’ necks d. Rescuers stand using legs, and keep their back straight Scanned By Camera Scanner‘Two-handed Seat a. Usually used for transporting unconscious victims in long distances b. Both rescuers squat down on either side of the victim and reach under the victim's shoulder and under the knees ¢, Rescuers grasp each other's wrist and stand with proper lifting techniques d. Walk in the direction where the victim is facing Scanned By Camera ScannerChair Carry a. This is used for carrying victims up and down the stairs or through narrow or uneven areas, using a sturdy chair with no wheels b. Have the victim sit on the chair ¢. The rescuer positioned on the victims head holds the chair with palms in. he/she then tilts the chair d. On short distances or stairwells, the second rescuer faces in and holds: the chair legs e. On longer distances, the second rescuer separates the victims legs. histher back into the chair and both rescuers stand using their legs Scanned By Camera ScannerTHREE-MAN CARRY 1, Hammock carry a, Three or more rescuers alternately position themselves on both sides of the victim, with the strongest rescuer on the side with fewer rescuers b, Rescuers reach under the victim and grasp one wrist of the opposite rescuer. Rescuers on the ends will only grasp one wrist of the opposite rescuer ¢. Rescuers at the end will use their free hand to support the victims’ head and feet\legs 4. Rescuers will then squat and lift the victims using proper lifting technique Scanned By Camera Scanner2. Three-person Carry or stretcher lift a. Used to lft victims on a bed or stretcher, and for transporting them in short distances b. All rescuers will knee! on the knee nearest to the victims’ feet . Rescuer at the head of the victim will signal the two others to lift up and rest the victim on their lifted knees Scanned By Camera Scanner‘st Aid for common Unintentional injuries The first aid procedure for common unintentional injuries 1. Musculoskeletal injury — it is damage of the muscular or skeletal system usually due to strenuous activities. It can be a sprain, fracture, strain or dislocation a. Sprain — the ligaments around the joint are stretched or torn. First aid for sprain 1. Rest - rest the injured part 2. Ice — apply ice packs or cold pads 3. Compression — wrap with elastic compression bandage 4, Elevation — elevate the injured parts b. Strain — twisting or pulling a muscle or tendon beyond normal capacity. First aid for strain 1. Place the victim in a comfortable position taking off pressure from strained muscles. 2. Apply cold reliefs such as ice pack or cold pads 3. Call emergency help or transport patient to a medical facility ¢. Dislocation — itis the separation of bone end from joint, leaving the bone cut of normal position. First aid for dislocation 1. Immobilize dislocations in the position found. Splint above and below the dislocated joints to keep immobile. Do not try to straighten or reduce any dislocation 2. Use RICE method 3. Keep the victim warm and quiet and in the most comfortable position. 4, Treat the victim for shock if necessary. c. Fracture itis a break that usually happens in the bone. When a bone fractures the skin, it causes an open or compound fracture. Scanned By Camera ScannerFirst aid for Fracture 1. Cover wound with non-fluffy sterile dressing. Apply pressure around the injury to control bleeding but be carefully place a sterile wound dressing or more clean padding over and around the dressing. 2. Put bandage securing the dressing and padding. Avoid impairing the circulation beyond the bandage 3. Immobilize injured part and arrange to transport casually to hospital. 4. Treat casualty for shock if necessary. Do not raise the injured part. Monitor vital signs until help arrives. Check the circulation every ten minutes. Loosen the bandages if circulations impaired. 2, Heat Emergencies — itis a heat related injuries, or hyperthermia, caused by high temperature and humidity from exposure to hot weather and sun. the three stages of heat emergencies are heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke. a. Heat cramps — muscle spasms caused by loss of too much salt and other electrolytes during too much sweating First aid for heat cramps 1. Rest the victim in a cool place and administer sips of half glass water or sports drink every 15 minutes. 2. Apply moist towels to forehead and to the cramping muscles. Gently stretch cramped muscles. 3. Avoid victim from forcing action for at least 12 hours. b. Heat exhaustion — caused by excessive loss of water and salt sweating. This is characterized by cool clammy skin and a weak, rapid pulse. First aid for exhaustion 1. Move the victim to a cool place and remove as much clothing as possible. Give the victim light fa. Make sure the victim does not get chilled. 2. Let the victim lie down with feet raised 8-12 inches. 3. If the victim fully conscious, give water or sports drink in half glass every 10 minutes for 1 hour. Monitor victim's temperature every 10-15 minutes. 4, Call emergency help if the victim vomits, temperature is above 38.5C, or the victim does not improve. Scanned By Camera Scannerc. Heatstroke itis a life-threatening emergency caused by a failure to regulate body temperature. It is characterized by extreme fever, hot and dry or moist skin, delirium, or coma. First aid for heatstroke 1, Establish airway and if possible, move to a cool place. Remove as much clothing as possible. 2. Pour or spray cool water and fan vigorously. If the victim begins to shiver, slow the cooling method as shivering produces heat. Never use isopropyl alcohol as the skin absorbs alcohol which can be toxin. 3. When body cools down, seizure and vomiting may occur. Position the victim for easy drainage. 4, Monitor victim's temperature until emergency personnel arrives. 3. Bleeding or haemorrhage — it occurs when a blood vessel is damaged and constricted. This can be life threatening if the body loses excessive amount of blood First aid to control bleeding 1. Apply direct pressure to the wound 2. Raise and support injured part 3. Lay victim down 4, Call emergency help 4. Poisoning — happen when a poison or a toxic substance is taken into or absorbed into the body sufficient enough to cause temporary or Permanent damage. A poison can enter the body through swallowing, skin absorption, and inhalation, splashing into the eyes or injection. First aid for swallowed poisons 1. Monitor victim and call for medical help. If victim is conscious ask what was swallowed, how much and when. 2. Commence CPR, if necessary 3. Monitor victim's vital signs and keep samples of any vomit First aid for injected poison 1. Seek medical help 2. Maintain victim airway and be alert for vomiting. Keep the victim in sitting position to prevent inhalation of voit. 3, For animal and insect bite or sting, protect yourself and victim from repeated injection. Identify what animal or insect if possible, and send to a receiving facility. Scanned By Camera ScannerFirst aid for absorbed poison 1, Remove contaminated clothing 2. Was with cold water for 20 minutes. 3. Seek medical help 4. Commence C.A.B, if necessary First aid for inhalant poison 1. Have the victim breathe fresh air 2. Call emergency help 3. Commence C.A.B, if necessary 5. Choking — it is caused by the blocking of airways by a piece of food or small object. A victim can use the universal sign for choking by clutching the throat with one or both hand. First aid for adult or older child choking 1. Stand behind the victim and wrap your one hand around victim's waist. 2. Place thumb side of fist into the abdomen above the navel and below rib cage then grab fist with other hand. 3. Do five abdominal thrusts. Apply pressure inward and push up toward the victim's diaphragm in one smooth movement. 4, Repeat cycle of five 5. Help the victim if having breathing difficulties after the object is dislodged. First aid for self-choke 1. Get attention by using universal sign for choking. 2. Give selt-abdominal thrusts. Reat until object is out. First aid for infant or child choke 1. Position victim for five quick blows — victim faces down on your upper leg. Place your hand around lower jaw and chest for head support. Using the heel of your hand, give five quick blows between the victim’s shoulder blades. 2. Position victim for the five quick chest thrusts ~ victim faces up on your upper leg and the head lower than the trunk. Press two to three fingers in the center of the breastbone between the nipples. Give five quick chest thrusts. 3, Repeat five blows and chest thrusts until object is out. 4. Help the victim if having breathing difficulties after the object is dislodged. Scanned By Camera Scanner6. Drowning — submerging and suffocating in water. This can result to hypothermia when submerged for a long period of time. It can also cause sudden cardiac arrest due to the cold water. First aid for drowning 1. Help victim lie down on a rug or coat with the head lower than the rest of the body, enabling his or mouth to drain water. 2. Treat for hypothermia. Remove wet clothes and change with dry clothes if possible. Cover the victim with dry coats or blankets. When victim becomes conscious, give the victim a warm drink or chocolate. 3. Call emergency help even if the victim appears to be fully recovered. There might be risk of secondary drowning. 7. Heart attack — the death of a part of the heart muscle. Pain can be felt in the center of the chest and can spread to the shoulder, arms, neck, jaw or back. There may be dizziness, sweating, irregular pulse, and difficulty in breathing. First aid for heart attack 1. Call for medical help immediately. 2. Place the victim in a comfortable position. 3, Monitor the condition. 4, Have a trained person give C.A.B. if breathing stops and the victim has no pulse. 8, Bum — this happens when the skin is damaged by burning and can no longer function effectively against infection. This can cause related injuries, significant fluid loss, and infections that may develop later. First aid for burn 1. Help the victim to sit or lie down. Prevent burnt body part from ground contact. 2. Cool the injury by flooding it with plenty of cold water. But do ‘ot prolong the transfer to a hospital. Call for emergency help and if possible, let someone do it while you cool the burn. 3. Continuously coo! the affected area for at least 10 minutes or until pain is relieved. Monitor signs of breathing difficulty. Do not overcool the victim for it might lower the body temperature to a dangerous level. Scanned By Camera Scanner4, Do not touch the injury. Safely remove any accessories belts, shoes, watches, and burnt clothing. Do not remove clothes stuck to the burn. 5, Cover the injured area and protect it from infection. Use clean materials. Project # 1: Acrostic Make your own acrostic poem about “FIRST AID “. Use the characteristics, roles, and responsibilities of a good first aider in composing the poem. Write your answer in a short bond paper. Deadline of submission is on or before May 13, 2021. Criteria Punctuality 10% Neatness of work 5% Relevance 25% Project # 2 Create a poster about the DO's and DON'Ts in giving first aid Use 1/8 illustration board for your poster. Deadline of submission is on or before May 17, 2021. Criteria Punctuality 10% Neatness of work 5% Work Presentation 25% Scanned By Camera ScannerPerformance Tasks #3 Select and demonstrate at least three Bandaging Techniques. Send your video output or performance to my messenger. Deadline of submission is on or before May 21, 2021. Criteria Punctuality 10% Altitude in performance 10% Proper Demo in bandaging | 30% Scanned By Camera Scanner