Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Financing International Trade
Chapter 19 Objectives
This chapter will:
A. Describe methods of payment for
international trade
B. Explain common trade finance methods
C. Describe the major agencies that
facilitate international trade with export
insurance and/or loan programs
Chapter Overview
A. Payment Methods for International
Trade
B. Trade Finance Methods
C. Agencies That Motivate International
Trade
A. Payment Methods for
International Trade
1. Prepayment
a. Same as cash in advance
b. Payment usually by wire transfer
c. Method offers exporter greatest degree of
protection
d. Usually requested when
1.) First time buyer
2.) Danger of pre shipment
cancellation
3.) Importer country has high
A. Payment Methods for
International Trade
2. Letters of Credit ( L/C )
a. an instrument issued by a bank
b. on behalf of the importer (buyer)
c. promising to pay the exporter
(beneficiary) upon presentation of
d. shipping documents in compliance with the
terms stipulated therein.
e. In effect, the bank is substituting
its credit for that of the buyer.
A. Payment Methods for
International Trade
3. Drafts (or bill of exchange)
a. an unconditional promise drawn by one
party, usually the exporter,
b. instructing the buyer to pay the face amount of
the draft upon presentation.
c. draft represents the exporter’s formal demand for
payment from the buyer.
d. draft affords the exporter less protection
than an L/C because the banks are not obligated to
honor payments on the buyer’s behalf.
A. Payment Methods for
International Trade
4. Consignment
a. exporter ships the goods to the importer
while still retaining actual title to the
merchandise.
b. The importer has access to the inventory but does
not have to pay for the goods until they have been
sold to a third party.
c. The exporter is trusting the importer to remit
payment for the goods sold at that time.
d. If the importer fails to pay, the exporter has
limited recourse because no draft is involved and
the goods have already been sold.
A. Payment Methods for
International Trade
5. Open Account
a. The opposite of prepayment the exporter ships
the merchandise and expects the buyer to remit
payment according to the
agreedupon terms.
b. The exporter is relying fully upon the financial
creditworthiness, integrity, and reputation of the buyer.
c. method is used when the seller and buyer have
mutual trust and a great deal of experience with
each other.
B. Trade Finance Methods
1. Accounts Receivable Financing
a. could take the form of an open account shipment or
a time draft
b. the bank will provide a loan to the exporter
secured by an assignment of the account receivable.
2. Factoring Receivables
the exporter sells the accounts receivable
without recourse.
B. Trade Finance Methods
3. Letters of Credit ( L/C )
a. Types of Letters of Credit
b. Use of Drafts
c. Bill of Lading: Key Document
d. Commercial Invoice (currency)
Documentary Credit Procedure
19.3
B. Trade Finance Methods
4. Banker’s Acceptance
bill of exchange, or time draft, drawn on and
accepted by a bank. It is the accepting bank’s
obligation to pay the holder of the draft at maturity.
5. Working Capital Financing
6. MediumTerm Capital Goods Financing (Forfaiting)
similar to factoring in that the forfaiter (or factor)
assumes responsibility for the collection of payment
from the buyer, the underlying credit risk, and the risk
pertaining to the countries Involved.
B. Trade Finance Methods
7. Countertrade
a. denotes all types of foreign trade transactions in
which the sale of goods to one country is linked to the
purchase or exchange of goods from that same
country.
b. Some types of countertrade, such as barter, have
been in existence for thousands of years.
c. Recently countertrade gained popularity and
importance.
Banker’s Acceptance
19.4
Life Cycle of a Typical
Banker’s Acceptance (B/A)
19.5
C. Agencies That Motivate
International Trade
1. ExportImport Bank of the United States
a. Established in 1934 with the original goal of
facilitating SovietAmerican trade.
b. Its mission today is to finance and facilitate the export
of American goods and services
c. maintain the competitiveness of American companies
in overseas markets.
d. programs that are classified as
1.) guarantees
2.) loans
3.) bank insurance
4.) export credit insurance.
C. Agencies That Motivate
International Trade
2. Private Export Funding Co. (PEFCO)
a. is owned by a consortium of commercial
banks and industrial companies.
b. provides medium and longterm fixed rate financing to
foreign buyers.
3. Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC)
a selfsustaining federal agency responsible for insuring direct
U.S. investments in foreign countries against the risks of
currency inconvertibility, expropriation, and other political risks.