GLOBALIZATION is the growing in interdependence of world’s economies, cultures, and populations(politics, economic,

cultural). It is the disappearance if borders between nations and the rise of international relations.

GLOBALIZATION can be seen through, food, gadgets, clothing, and culture.

GLOCALIZATION is the combination of global and local. It is the term used to describe a product that is developed and
distributed globally but is also adjusted to accommodate the user or consumer in a local market.

MARSHALL MCLUHAN: Predicted that the world would become a “GLOBAL VILLAGE” (1964, 1967)

-The medium is the message. The content is carried which plays vital role in the way it is perceived.

GLOBAL VILLAGE is the community where people are connected by computers, television, etc.

“CULTURE IS LIFE”

-It is the shared patterns of behavior

-system of beliefs

-complex (beliefs, arts, moral, customs, habits)

 CULTURAL DIVERSITY –different cultures still maintaining distinct beliefs.

 CULTURAL CONVERGENCE –the cultures becomes similar, as their interactions increases
 CULTURAL DIVERGENCE-when a culture separates or goes in a different direction.
 CULTURAL DIFFUSION-the exchange of ideas between people as they mix/interact

MULTIMODALITIES- interplay between different representational modes.

 Paper based text

 Live modal text

MULTIMODALITY-other ways of getting messages across/ be understood other than written form.

MULTIMEDIA LiTERACY -literacy that explores language varieties.

CULTURAL APPROPRIATE LANGUAGES

 CULTURALLLY INSENSITIVE AND GENDER-BIASED LANGUAGES

-Word or phrases that are offensive, prejudiced, excluding or hurtful

 RACE AND ETHNICITY

-RACISM is a form of discrimination against people of different race. Example is, black and white skin color.

 SOCIAL CLASS

-CLASSISM is a form of prejudice against people based on social class. Example is, rich and poor.

 AGE

-AGEISM is a form of discrimination against people because of their age. Example is, a fresh graduate and a skilled one.
  DISABILITIES

-REFFERING to people, who are differently abled, follow the people-first language. Example is, when you say she is blind.
She has difficulties in seeing.

-DIFFERENTLY ABLED PERSON

ENGLISH AND THE WORLD ENGLISHES

World English- refers to the English language as a lingua franca used in business, trade, diplomacy, and other spheres of
global activity.

UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE-is the English.

The native English and native speakers are the UNITED STATES, U.K. NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA.

WE ARE A FILIPINO-ENGLISH? YES

4 STAGES

1. DIFFUSION (introduction) - Japan, Spain, America

2. INDUCTION (incorporation of language) - education system, global trade, communication
3. CUSTOMIZATION - Globalization (ex. Refrigerator=ref)
4. NATIVE RECOGNITION –investigate between American English to British English.

KACHRU’S CONCENTRIC CIRCLE