GONORRHEA

I. Rationale of the disease

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, an obligate human pathogen, is a sexually
transmitted disease that causes consequential worldwide morbidity both in
resource-abundant and resource-limited nations, and its diagnosis and
treatment require costly expenditures annually. Like other sexually
transmitted infections (STIs), gonorrhea disproportionately impacts young
adult populations. This activity illustrates the presentation, evaluation, and
treatment of N. gonorrhoeae, the interprofessional team's role in treating
patients, and their partners, with gonococcal infections.
II. Causes
Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The
gonorrhea bacteria are most often passed from one person to another during
sexual contact, including oral, anal or vaginal intercourse.
Sexually active women younger than 25 and men who have sex with men
are at increased risk of getting gonorrhea.

Other factors that can increase your risk include:

 Having a new sex partner

 Having a sex partner who has other partners
 Having more than one sex partner
 Having had gonorrhea or another sexually transmitted infection
Symptoms
In many cases, gonorrhea infection causes no symptoms. Symptoms, however, can
affect many sites in your body, but commonly appear in the genital tract.

Gonorrhea affecting the genital tract

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in men include:

 Painful urination

 Pus-like discharge from the tip of the penis

 Pain or swelling in one testicle

Male reproductive system

Signs and symptoms of gonorrhea infection in women include:

Female reproductive system

 Increased vaginal discharge

 Painful urination

 Vaginal bleeding between periods, such

as after vaginal intercourse

 Abdominal or pelvic pain

Gonorrhea at other sites in the body

Gonorrhea can also affect these parts of the body:

 Rectum. Signs and symptoms include anal itching, pus-like discharge

from the rectum, spots of bright red blood on toilet tissue and having to
strain during bowel movements.

 Eyes. Gonorrhea that affects your eyes can cause eye pain, sensitivity to
light, and pus-like discharge from one or both eyes.

 Throat. Signs and symptoms of a throat infection might include a sore

throat and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.

 Joints. If one or more joints become infected by bacteria (septic

arthritis), the affected joints might be warm, red, swollen and extremely
painful, especially during movement.

III. PREVENTION
To prevent your gonorrhea risk:
 Use a condom if you have sex. Abstaining from sex is the surest way
to prevent gonorrhea. But if you choose to have sex, use a condom
during any type of sexual contact, including anal sex, oral sex or
vaginal sex.
 Limit your number of sex partners. Being in a monogamous
relationship in which neither partner has sex with anyone else can
lower your risk.
 Be sure you and your partner are tested for sexually transmitted
infections. Before you have sex, get tested and share your results
with each other.
 Don’t have sex with someone who appears to have a sexually
transmitted infection. If your partner has signs or symptoms of a
sexually transmitted infection, such as burning during urination or a
genital rash or sore, don’t have sex with that person.
 Consider regular gonorrhea screening. Annual screening is
recommended for sexually active women younger than 25 and for
older women at increased risk of infection. This includes women who
have a new sex partner, more than one sex partner, a sex partner with
other partners, or a sex partner who has a sexually transmitted
infection.
 Regular screening is also recommended for men who have sex with
men, as well as their partners.
To avoid getting gonorrhea again, abstain from sex until after you and your
sex partner have completed treatment and after symptoms are gone.

IV. DIAGNOSIS
Gonorrhea is diagnosed using a lab test to determine whether you have
gonorrhea, your doctor will analyze a sample of cells. Samples can be
collected by a urine sample or a swab taken from the urethra (for men) or
the cervix or vagina (for women).

 Urine test. This can help identify bacteria in your urethra.

 Swab of affected area. A swab of your throat, urethra, vagina or
rectum can collect bacteria that can be identified in a lab.
V. Treatment
Gonorrhea treatment in adults
Adults with gonorrhea are treated with antibiotics. Due to emerging strains
of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention recommends that uncomplicated gonorrhea be treated with the
antibiotic ceftriaxone — given as an injection — with oral azithromycin
(Zithromax).
If you're allergic to cephalosporin antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, you might
be given oral gemifloxacin (Factive) or injectable gentamicin and oral
azithromycin.
Gonorrhea treatment for partners
Your partner also should go through testing and treatment for gonorrhea,
even if he or she has no signs or symptoms. Your partner receives the same
treatment you do. Even if you've been treated for gonorrhea, a partner who
isn't treated can pass it to you again.
Gonorrhea treatment for babies
Babies born to mothers with gonorrhea who develop the infection can be
treated with antibiotics.
VI. Conclusion
Neisseria gonorrhea, an obligate human pathogen, is a sexually transmitted
disease that causes consequential worldwide morbidity both in resource-
abundant and resource-limited nations. Other sexually transmitted
infections (STIs), gonorrhea disproportionately impacts young adult
populations. Therefore, when the gonorrhea-causing bacteria (N. gonorrhea)
enters your body through usual fluids like semen or vaginal fluid-often
through unprotected sex-you get an illness. Your mouth, vagina, penis, or
anus are all possible entry points for germs. To transfer the bacterium,
neither you nor your partner need to ejaculate (cum). Sharing sex
accessories that haven't been cleaned or wrapped with a fresh condom can
potentially spread gonorrhea. As a result, Gonorrhea frequently has no
symptoms or is what they called asymptomatic. This is particularly true for
women and those who were assigned the female gender at birth (AFAB). If
you do encounter symptoms, they will probably affect you in different ways
depending on which reproductive organs you have. Despite of this disease
we can prevent gonorrhea at the side of along the lines, use a condom if you
have sex, limit your number of sex partners, be sure you and your partner
are tested for sexually transmitted infections, don’t have sex with someone
who appears to have a sexually transmitted infection, and consider regular
gonorrhea screening. However, Gonorrhea is diagnosed using a lab test to
determine whether you have gonorrhea, your doctor will analyze a sample of
cells. Samples can be collected by a urine sample or a swab taken from the
urethra (for men) or the cervix or vagina (for women). For instance,
Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics. Due to emerging strains of drug-
resistant Neisseria gonorrhea e, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention recommends that uncomplicated gonorrhea be treated with the
antibiotic ceftriaxone given as an injection with oral azithromycin
(Zithromax). Provincial public health organizations reserve cefixime
specifically for the treatment of gonococcal infections, although supplies
could not be accessible until the backorder is filled. Over time, N. As a
result, public health organizations continue to monitor the evolution of this
organism and update their recommendations. Pharmacists can help by
educating their patients about compliance, follow-up, partner notification,
and methods for limiting the spread of this adaptive organ.
VII. REFERENCE/SOURCE:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gonorrhea/symptoms-
causes/syc-20351774
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4217-gonorrhea?
fbclid=IwAR2FvkQUZwT5eqTrxuiwKtXHu2JFVDoJ7dP5d0fQ_TSjc2h9-zdHtp69k3U
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558903/
Piszczek, J., St Jean, R., & Khaliq, Y. (2015). Gonorrhea: Treatment update for an
increasingly resistant organism. Canadian pharmacists journal: CPJ = Revue des
pharmaciens du Canada: RPC, 148(2), 82–89.

NATURAL METHOD
is a method of preventing pregnancy without the use of medications or
physical devices. These concepts are based on awareness and observations

ABSTINENCE
• From a sexual activity means not having
any sexual intercourse at all
• 100% effective in preventing pregnancy
and reduces the likelihood of contracting a
sexually transmitted disease (STD).

ARTIFICIAL METHOD
it is a method of preventing pregnancy with the use
of medications or physical devices.
CONDOM
• A fine tube which is rolled on to the penis before
sexual intercourse.
• It is a barrier to stop sperm and infection passing
between sexual partners.
• Helps protect against
pregnancy and sexually transmissible infections
(STIs), including HIV, which can lead to AIDS.
• 98% effectiveness
Members:
ABAPO, NORELIE
ADAM, SITTIE NORSHARAH
BASHER, ALEAH GAILE S.
GUIMBA, SITTIE SHARMIE A.
ULES,SITTIEH YLAIFAH MAE G.