Result and discussion

Soil Density by Core Cutter Method

Table 1
Parameters Reading
Length of core cutter Lc cm 12.6
Diameter of core cutter Dc cm 10.0
Volume of core cutter Vc cm3 989.6
Mass of core cutter Mc kg 0.945
Mass of core cutter + wet soil Ms kg 2.878
Mass of wet soil Ms-Mc kg 1.933
Bulk Density (Ms-Mc)/Vc kg/cm3 1.93X10-3

Moisture content and pH value

Table 2
Parameter Moisture
Aluminium container W1 g 50.585 49.5 48.56
Aluminium container + W2 g 80.7283 79.5938 78.6959
wet sample
Aluminium container + W3 g 76.660 75.200 74.250
dried sample
Moisture content [(W2-W30]/ % 15.602 17.063 17.306
(W3-W1)] X
100
Average % 16.657
pH value of soil
Table 3
Parameter pH
Aluminium container W1 g 12.4353
Aluminium container + wet sample W2 g 27.5279
pH value after soak 24 hours pH 8.29 7.81 8.52

Discussion
The Soil Bulk Density by Core Cutter Method was the first trial carried out for soil
classification and characterisation. The core cutter technique was used in this experiment to
ascertain the bulk density of the soil samples. The density of the soil is determined by several
factors, including soil organic matter, soil texture, the density of the soil minerals (sand, silt,
and clay), and the arrangement of packing. Using vernier callipers, the length and width of
the core cutter were measured to determine its volume, as shown in table 1. These numbers
lined up with what was discovered in the initial trial. The volume of the soil was calculated
using the cylinder volume formula was V = r2h as the core cutter was cylindrical shape and
the volume formula was 989.6cm3. The soil was weighted and by using equation  =
Ms−Mc
which resulted 1.953 X 10-3 kg / cm3.
VC
Calculating the moisture content of the soil was the second job. The dirt from the core
cutter was taken out and broken up into 30g portions. After placing 30 g of soil in an
aluminium receptacle, its weight with wet soil inside was measured and is shown in Table 2
as 50.585g, 49.5g, and 48.56g. The container was put in oven with temperature of 105C and
leave overnight and recorded the dried soil with container,76.660g, 75.200g, and 74.250g. By
using formula [(W2-W3)/(W3-W1)] X 100 to calculate the moisture content of the soil
resulting the average moisture content of the soil was 16.657%, the soil does show different
texture as dry and easily crumbled when press together rather than during wet soil.
In order to get a better reading on the pH value of the soil, the final job involved
mixing 15g of soil with 30ml of distilled water and letting it sit overnight. Because the soil
had an alkaline pH of 8.29, 7.81, and 8.52, it was deficient in nutrients and was probably rich
in sodium. Between 5.5 and 7.5 is where soil pH should be perfectly balanced.