Submitted to: Dr.

Hussain
Submitted By: Rana Asim Hussain
Roll No: bsf2000638
Subject: Pak Studies
Topic: Ideological rationale with reference to
An Allama Muhammad Iqbal
Class: BSIT Semester 2 Morning
Date: 16-6-2021

University Of Education Township, Lahore

 Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan
Ideology
Ideology, a form of social or political philosophy in which practical elements are as prominent as
theoretical ones. It is a system of ideas that aspires both to explain the world and to change it.It
describes the nature, history, and significance of ideologies in terms of the philosophical, political, and
international contexts in which they have arisen. Particular categories of ideology are discussed in the
articles socialism, communism, anarchism, fascism, nationalism, liberalism, and conservatism.

Ideology of Pakistan:
The two-nation theory advocated by the All India Muslim League is the founding principle of the
Pakistan Movement (i.e. the ideology of Pakistan as a Muslim nation-state in the northwestern
and eastern regions of India) through the partition of India in 1947.

Allama Iqbal and Ideology of Pakistan

Allama Iqbal was one of those Muslim leaders of the subcontinent, who gave the concept of a
separate homeland to the Muslims and awakened them through his poetry. In th beginning he
was a supporter of the Hindu-Muslim unity, but soon the orthodox and biased attitude of the
Hindus forced him to think that he should demand a separate state. In his Address of 1930, he
forcefully pleaded for a separate state where Muslims could their lives in accordance with their
religion and culture. In his address he said:-
“The formation of a Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at
least of the North-West India. If we wish to keep Islam alive as a culture force in the country,
it is imperative that it should establish its central authority in a specific territory. I, therefore
demand the formation of a consolidation Muslim State in the best interest of Islam in India”
As two separate representative nations were living together in the subcontinent, therefore,
Allama Muhammad Iqbal wished to promote as a great and distinct nation. He thought that to
safeguard the political, social and economic right of the Muslims it was essential to have a
separate state foe them.
Allama Iqbal was also a strong believer of Hindu-Muslim unity but Congress extremism forces
him to change his attitude.
In 1930, Iqbal clearly discussed Two Nation Theory as:

Islam: as code of conduct and way of life.

Muslims are separate nation.
Demand of separate state.

 Islam: as Code of Conduct and Way of Life

“Islam is complete code of life; so Indian Muslims should get assistance from Islam. It will
support them fully.
He believed that the creation of superior people centers around Islam alone and not the race.
He said:-
“Islam guides the mankind in every aspect of worldly life and therefore must be enforced in an
Islamic state as a code of life”
Allama Iqbal believed that the Holy Quran and the teaching of the Prophet (PBUH) are highly
meaningful for the development of mankind.

 Muslims are Separate Nation

Allama Iqbal openly negated the concept of one nation and said:
“Nations are based with religion; not with territories. So we are separate nation because we
have our own ideology.”

 Demand of Separate State

“If British Government is interested to resolve Hindu-Muslim conflicts then India should be
divided into states.NWFP, Sindh, Balochistan, Punjab, Aasam and Bengal should be converted
into one unit and authority should be given to Indian Muslims.”
Thus, in Allahabad Address he declared:

“I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sindh and Baluchistan amalgamated into single state.
Self-government within the British Empire or without British Empire, the formation of a
consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the
Muslims at least of North-West India”.

Act of 1935:
Iqbal vehemently opposed the proposed Indian federation under the Act of 1935. He said, “I
would never advise the Muslims of India to a system…which virtually negatives the principle
of true federation or fails to recognize them as a distinct political entity”. He argued: “Why
should not the Muslims of North – West India and Bengal be considered as nation entitled to
self-determination just as other nations in India and outside India are?”: In his opinion the
only way to solve the Indian problem was “a redistribution of the country on the basis of
racial, religious and linguistic affinities. “ He considered a separate federation of Muslim
provinces as “the only course” to “save Muslims from the domination of the non-Muslim.”

Next to the preservation of cultural identity was the economic problem faced by the Muslims of
India. Iqbal thought that the economic problem could be solved only “if Islamic Law is properly
understood and applied”and that “the enforcement and development of the Shariat of Islam is
impossible in this country (India) without a free Muslim State or States.” He considered state
and Islam inseparable and one incomplete without the other. In his lecture on “The Spirit of
Muslim Culture” he said:
The essence of Tauhid as a working idea is equality, solidarity and freedom. The state from
the Islamic standpoint, is an endeavor to transform these ideal principles into space-time
forces, as aspiration to realize them in a definite human organization.
Iqbal gave great importance to the Muslims of India and visualized a significant role for them in
future. Addressing the Annual Session of the All India Muslim League at Allahabad he said that
“the Muslims of India constitute a far more valuable asset to Islam than all the countries of
Muslim Asia put together”. He told them that they have “a duty towards Asia, especially
Muslim Asia.” In 1938 he wrote to Jinnah: “Whole future of Islam as a moral and a political
force in Asia rests very largely on a complete organization of Indian Muslims. “
Iqbal the ideologue found in Jinnah the man of action. He wrote to him: “You are the only
Muslim in India today whom the community has the right to look up for safe guidance.” Jinnah
considered Iqbal “sage philosopher” and “national poet of Islam. ” He regarded his views on the
political future of India “unambiguous” and “absolutely in consonance” with his own views,
which finally led him to “the same conclusions.” Jinnah admitted that Iqbal’s views “found
expression in due course in the united will of Muslim India as adumbrate cu in Lahore
Resolution of All India Muslim League, popularly known as the Pakistan Resolution.” According
to M.H. Syed, Jinnah’s secretary and biographer, after passing of the Lahore Resolution Jinnah,
who by that time had become to be known as Quaid-i-Azam, said to him, “Iqbal is no more
amongst us, but had” he been alive, he would have been happy to know that we did exactly
what he wanted us to do.”

Conclusion:
He did not believe in any system separated from religion and declared that religion and politics
are not separated from each other in Islam. Allama Iqbal believed in the federal system and
thought it as an ideal system for India in prevailing system. He believed that federal system
would promote unity amongst the various segments of the society which would help in defense
of the country. His concept of “Khudi” and philosophy of believe in faith and institutions led him
to the concept of Nation as Moral Consciousness which declared his genius in his famous
Allahabad Address. It was definitely Iqbal’s call to action in the name of Islam that Pakistan
came into shape. It was him who gave the meaning of ideology of Pakistan as ideology of Islam.