URBAN AND

REGIONAL
PLANNING
COMPONENTS OF
URBAN PLANNING
TRANSPORT
PLANNING

LAND USE NEIGHBOURHOOD

PLANNING CONCEPT

URBAN
PLANNING
 1. LAND USE
PLANNING
• Land use planning is used by a government to
manage the manner in which the land within its
jurisdiction is developed, or used. In doing so, the
governmental unit can ensure that the needs of the
people are met while natural resources are
safeguarded.
• Land use planning means the scientific, aesthetic,
and orderly disposition of land, resources, facilities
and services with a view to securing the physical,
economic and social efficiency, health and well-
being of urban and rural communities.
LAND USE PLANNING
DICIPLINES
RESIDENTIAL
PLANNING

PUBLIC OPEN COMMERCIAL

SPACE PLANNING

INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONAL
PLANNING PLANNING
 RESIDENTIAL
PLANNING
Promote the availability of low- and moderate-income
housing units

Promote the development of housing which will help meet

the special needs of people

Limit the intensity of residential development in those

areas subject to high community noise levels.

Increase home ownership opportunities.

 COMMERCIAL
PLANNING
Conveniently located and well-designed commercial development.

Commercial areas that also serve as centre's for community activity.

A reduction in automobile trips associated with commercial

services.

Neighbourhood commercial services that are easily accessible to

pedestrians and bicyclists.
 INSTITUTIONAL
PLANNING
• Ensure that new uses on previously designated
institutional sites will be compatible.
• Ensure that the community will have ample
opportunity to guide long-term uses of publicly
owned community serving facilities.
• Designate alternative land uses for existing
institutional sites in the event that relocations
occur.
• Provide institutional facilities with suggested
methods of achieving visual and physical
compatibility with the surrounding community or
neighbourhood.
 INDUSTRIAL
PLANNING
Preservation of an adequate supply of industrial land.

A reduction in traffic conflicts and congestion in industrial

areas.

The City shall require developers of large industrial

projects to designate truck access routes to freeways
through non-residential areas.
PUBLIC OPEN SPACES
 2. TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING
• Monitoring existing conditions
• Identifying projected future transportation problems and
needs and analysing, through detailed planning studies.
• Forecasting future population and employment growth,
including assessing projected land uses in the region and
identifying major growth corridors
• Estimating the impact of recommended future
improvements to the transportation system on
environmental features
• Developing a financial plan for securing sufficient
revenues to cover the costs of implementing strategies.
 TYPES OF ROAD
PATTERNS
• RECTANGULAR BLOCK RADIAL & BLOCK PATTERN

• RADIAL & CIRCULAR PATTERN RADIAL & GRID PATTERN

 3. SUSTAINABLE
NEIGHBOURHOOD CONCEPT
PLAN : UN-HABITAT
The Five Principles are:
1. Adequate space for streets and an efficient street network. The street
network should occupy at least 30 per cent of the land and at least 18 km of
street length per km².

2. High density. At least 15,000 people per km², that is 150 people/ha or 61
people/acre.

3. Mixed land-use. At least 40 per cent of floor space should be allocated for
economic use in any neighbourhood.

4. Social mix. The availability of houses in different price ranges and tenures
in any given neighbourhood to accommodate different incomes; 20 to 50
per cent of the residential floor area should be for low cost housing; and
each tenure type should be not more than 50 per cent of the total.

5. Limited land-use specialization. This is to limit single function blocks or

neighbourhoods; single function blocks should cover less than 10 per cent of
any neighbourhood.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE
FIVE PRINCIPLES
1. Promote high density urban growth, alleviate urban
sprawl and maximize land efficiency.
2. Promote sustainable, diversified, socially equal and
thriving communities in economically viable ways.
3. Encourage walkable neighbourhoods and reduce car
dependency.
4. Optimize use of land and provide an interconnected
network of streets which facilitate safe, efficient and
pleasant walking, cycling and driving.
5. Foster local employment, local production and local
consumption.
6. Provide a variety of lot sizes and housing types to cater
for the diverse housing needs of the community, at
densities which can ultimately support the provision of
local services.
 KEY FEATURES
1. A VIBRANT STREET LIFE
2. WALKABILITY
3. AFFORDABILITY
 Urban/Rural
Classification
In the Philippines, “urban” areas fall under the following categories:
1. In there entirety, all municipal jurisdiction which, whether designated
chartered cities, provincial capital or not, have a population density of at
least 1,000 persons per square kilometers: all barangays;
2. Poblaciones or central districts of municipalities and cities which have a
population density of at least 500 persons per square kilometers
3. Poblaciones or central district not included in (1) and (2) regardless of the
population size which have the following:
• Street pattern or network of streets in either parallel or right angel orientation;
• At least six establishments (commercial, manufacturing, recreational and/or personal
services);
• At least three of the following:
o A town hall, church or chapel with religious services at least once a month
o A public plaza, park or cemetery
o A market place, or building, where trading activities are carried on at least once
a week.
o A public building, like school, hospital, puericulture and health center or library.
4. Barangays having a least 1,000 inhabitants which meet the conditions set
forth in (3) above and where the occupation of the inhabitants is
predominantly non-framing or fishing.
 COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
• The master plan or general plan, the
comprehensive plan represents the most significant
concept of the 20th Century. The underlying idea is
that the long-term plan (20-30 years) for the overall
physical development of an entire area or city can
be used to organize and direct the social,
economic, political and physical forces within
urban or regional area in a rational and productive
manner. This plan is an official public document
involving not only a set of goals but also a policy to
attain those goals.
 GOALS
• HEALTH
 Requiring sufficient road within new subdivisions to ensure
ambulances and fire equipment has adequate access for
emergency.
 Planning for a street geometry that permits children to walk
from home to school without crossing major thoroughfares.
 In high crime areas, laying out patterns of buildings and
spaces that provide fewer sites where muggings and
robberies can be committed unobserved.
• CIRCULATION
 Providing the community with adequate circulation may
mean:
1. A system of street, parking facilities that make possible an
orderly, efficient, and rapid flow of vehicular and pedestrian
traffic.
2. Providing for adequate public transportation.
 GOALS
• PROVISION OF SERVICES AND FACILITIES
 Determining the location of facilities as parks, recreation
areas, schools, social services, hospital, etc.
 Plan for a pattern of land use that facilitates the provision of
public services (police and fire protection, water and sewers.)
• FISCAL HEALTH
 There is a relationship between the pattern of development
and fiscal situation of the community:
1. Any development will impose some cost on the community
and generate revenues for the municipality.
2. Fiscal zoning – the use of its land-use controls to keep out
types of housing or economic activity that are likely to cost
the community more for additional services than they yield in
additional revenue.
 GOALS
• ECONOMIC GOALS
 Economic growth or maintenance of existing level of
economic activity as to develop a pattern of land use that
provides for commercial and industrial sites, provides good
access to such sites, and facilities supplying utilities to such
sites.
• ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
 It might involve:
1. Restriction on building in wetlands, steep slopes or other
ecological valuable or fragile lands.
2. Preservation of open spaces, ordinance to control discharge
into water bodies, prohibition of limitation on commercial or
industrial activities that would degrade air quality, etc.
• REDISTRIBUTIVE GOALS
 Distribution downward both wealth and influence in the
political process.
 COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS AND SUPPORTIVE STUDIES
A. Capital improvements
B. Future land use plan
C. Traffic circulation
D. Sanitary sewer, solid waste, drainage and potable water
E. Conservation
F. Recreation and open space
G. Housing
H. Coastal management (for coastal jurisdiction only)
I. Inter-governmental coordination
 COMPREHENSIVE
PLANNING
Additional elements which are optional but are
required for local governments with a population
greater than 50,000:
A. Mass transit
B. Port, aviation, and related facilities plan
C. Non-automotive vehicular (bicycle) and pedestrian traffic.
D. Off-street parking
E. Public buildings and related facilities
F. Community design
G. General area redevelopment
H. Safety
I. Historic and scenic preservation
J. Economic development