5 INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

JORLY V. ASUNCION
1. He is often referred to as the "father of American anthropology.
a. Ruth Benedict
b. Franz Boas
c. Charles Darwin
d. Margaret Mead
2. Culture and Personality School highlighted that personality patterns are dependent
on different socialization practices.
a. True
b. False
3. He was a cultural anthropologist from the United States who significantly advanced
the field of qualitative research techniques.
a. James Spradley
b. Ruth Benedict
c. Franz Boas
d. Margaret Mead
4. According to Mead, culture may be viewed as a system of shared understandings and
knowledge that is divided into various domains. Each domain stands for a distinctive
component of culture, such as politics, religion, or kinship.
a. True
b. False
5.Spradley created a technique for interviewing members of a cultural group in an
organized manner. He believed that researchers may obtain comprehensive information
about cultural ideas, attitudes, and practices by posing open-ended questions and using
follow-up inquiries.
a. True
b. False

ROXANNE R. GONGOB

1. The main issues highlighted by the feminists can be traced in the comments of
Klages.
a. The binary perspective of anthropologists, emphasizing that there are only
two genders.
b. Whether gender is biological or cultural, natural or socially constructed
c. Women are parallel to nature and men are parallel to culture

2. She argued that women have always been symbolically associated with nature. Since
nature is subordinate to nature , and wo men are subordinate to men

a. Mead
b. Ortner
c. Showtak

3. Critiqued that race has nothing to do with the development of a particular culture.
a. Partularism
 b. Biological Determinism
c. Culture Evolutionism

4. Explores nonverbal and verbal symbols shared in a culture.

a. Symbolic Anthropology
b. Tangible Culture
c. Artistic method

5. Emphasizes that culture is not just a static set of traditions and practices but a dynamic
system.
a. Unconventional view of traditions
b. Dynamic approach
c. Holistic approach

Jake M. Ignacio

1. An Anthropologist, who believed in the Idea that Cultural Innovation occurs only
once and that they spread
a. Grafton Elliot Smith
b. Franz Boaz
c. William James Perry
d. Clark Wissler

2. Culture traits diffused, not as isolated elements, but as a whole culture complex, due
to the migration of individuals from one culture to another
a. Acculturation
b. Assimilation
c. Culture Circle
d. Culture Areas

3. The school of thought, even though inspired by Friedrich Ratzel,

was actually created by his student, Leo Frobenius.
a. Kulturkreise
b. Kulturkrise
c. Kulturkress
d. Kulturkriss

4. It was a simple concept, in that tribal entities were grouped on an ethnographic map
and related to the geography of the environment.
a. Culture Circle
b. Acculturation
c. Culture Areas
d. Assimilation

5. This comprised the basis for a “landmark treatment of American Indian ethnology”
by Clark Wissler.
a. Diffusionism
 b. Culture areas
c. Culture Circle
d. Acculturation

JEFF GLAYSON R. MANUEL

1. According to Winthrop (1991), it is a school of thought proposed that

civilization spread from one culture to another, because humans are basically
conservative and lack inventiveness.
a. Culture Dissemination
b. Dissipation
c. Diffusionist
d. Diffusionism

2. These are the key elements in anthropological diffusionism. Without _____

and _____, the spread of culture from one culture to another is impossible to
happen.
a. Time and Geography
b. Time and Space
c. Space and Geography
d. Geography and Event

3. The following are the characteristics of diffusion, EXCEPT.

a. Diffusion may create culture change in the group that borrows.
b. Adoption depends on meaningfulness and usefulness of the trait.
c. There are barriers like transport, communication, ethnocentrism, and
geography.
d. Originality needs to be retained during diffusion.

4. Humans are mere inventors, but mere imitators.

a. True
b. False
c. Sometimes true
d. Sometimes false

5. Which among the following are the basic premises in the diffusionist school?
I. Humans are basically uninventive.
II. Important inventions were made only once at a particular place.
III. They spread through diffusion to different places.
IV. It is more or less from a developed to underdeveloped culture.

a. II and III only

b. I and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. All of the above

ANGELICA JOY PULIDO

1. Which anthropologist was a student of American anthropologist Franz Boas and
whose views had a profound influence on cultural anthropology, particularly in the
area of culture and personality?

A. Ruth Benedict
B. Clifford Geertz
C.margaret Mead
D. Alfred Radcliffe

2. Benedict was a member of the _________ school of anthropology, which

emphasized the need of researching civilizations on its own terms rather than from a
Western-centric standpoint.

A. Harvard
B. chicago
C.boasian
D.Barkeley

3. Which of these is a renowned work by Ruth Benedict?

A. cultural pattern
B. Structural functionalism
C. The Java religion
D. Primitive Society's Structure and Role

4.What is the ethical theory associated with Ruth Benedict known as?

A.structuralism
B.evolutionism
C. Cultural materialism
D. Moral relativism

5. __________were also influenced by the philosophical developments of their

times. Thus they were influenced by evolutionism, structural-functionalism,
structuralism, and etc.

A. Methodology
B.Anthropologists
C. Ethnographic
D.culture

Edsel Dominic G. Agustin

1. Who is the American anthropologist and scholar known for her pioneering
work in cultural anthropology and for her role in shaping public attitudes
 towards gender and sexuality through her ethnographic research in Samoa
and New Guinea?

A. Ruth Benedict
B. Margaret Mead
C. Franz Boas
D. Clifford Geertz

2. What was the main argument in Margaret Mead's book, "Coming of Age in
Samoa"?

A. The experience of adolescence is a universal phenomenon

B. The development of an individual depends on biological traits
C. The experience of adolescence is shaped by cultural factors
D. The experience of adolescence is a result of economic factors

3. What was the main idea of Margaret Mead's book, "Coming of Age in Samoa"?

A. Adolescence is the same for everyone

B. Culture affects how young people experience adolescence
C. Biology is the only factor that shapes human development
D. Economic factors play a bigger role in human development than culture

4. What was the main conclusion of Margaret Mead's research in Papua New Guinea
as presented in her book "Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies"?
Okay
A. Gender roles and behaviors are biologically determined
B. Gender roles and behaviors are shaped by cultural and social factors
C. The three tribes in Papua New Guinea had the same approach to gender roles
D. Gender roles and behaviors are shaped by economic factors

5. According to Mead's research in Papua New Guinea, which of the following is true
about the Tchambuli tribe's gender roles?

A. Women were dominant and men were more emotional and expressive
B. Men were dominant and women were more emotional and expressive
C. Both men and women displayed masculine traits
D. Both men and women had a nurturing and gentle approach
KYLE ANGELO MASAOY

1. It is one of the books that was published during the Fieldwork of Haddon in the
Torres Strait Islands.
A. The Decorative Art of the Amazons
B. The Geographers Expedition
C. Atomic Habits of the Amazons
D. Head-hunters: Black, White, and Yellow

2. Why does Haddon believe in the understanding of the physical artifacts and objects
created by a culture?
A. It could reveal important information about the society's beliefs,
values, and social organization.
B. It plays a vital role in the aesthetic view of the organization
C. It could reveal the unimportant information about the society's beliefs,
values, and social organization.
D. It could create a vague understanding of the culture of a certain
organization

3. Which of the following is true about Albert Cort Haddon’s Theory?

A. Haddon was interested in the evolutionary origins of human
behavior and culture, and developed a theory of cultural
evolution
B. Haddon was interested in the language and symbols of an
organization
C. Haddon was interested in the acculturation and enculturation
D. Haddon was interested in the Primitive Society's Structure and Role

4. Who is the proponent of Neo-evolutionism?

A. Leslie White
B. Alfred Cort Haddon
C. Ruth Benedict
D. Clifford Geertz
5. Arrange the following stages of cultural evolution from basic to most complex
according to Leslie White.
A. Foraging, Agriculture, Industry, Post-Industrial, Horticulture
B. Foraging, Industry, Post-Industrial, Agriculture, Horticulture
C. Foraging, Horticulture, Agriculture, Industry, Post-Industrial
D. Agriculture, Foraging, Horticulture, Industry, Post-Industrial

FREDERICK B. GALANDE

1. Which of the following best describes the central idea of Marxism?

 A. The belief in the existence of a single ruling class that holds power over
the rest of society
B. The idea that individuals should be free to pursue their own self-
interest without interference from the state
C. The belief that history is driven by class struggle and that the
working class should overthrow the ruling class to establish a
socialist society
D. The idea that wealth should be distributed equally among all members
of society

2. What is the labor theory of value in Marxist theory?

A. The value of a commodity can be objectively measured by the
average number of labor hours required to produce that
commodity.
B. The value of a commodity can be subjectively measured by the
average number of labor hours required to produce that commodity.
C. Both A and B are correct
D. None of the above

3. Who is considered the founder of Marxism?

A. Vladimir Lenin
B. Karl Marx
C. Joseph Stalin
D. Friedrich Engels

4. Which of the following is a core tenet of Marxist theory?

A. The belief that the free market is the best way to allocate resources in
society
B. The idea that individuals should work hard and accumulate wealth for
themselves and their families
C. The belief that private property should be abolished and replaced
with communal ownership of the means of production
D. The idea that the state should have complete control over all aspects of
society, including the economy

5. All are examples of cultural materialism of specific cultural practices or

phenomena, except:

A. The development of ancient Maya Civilization

B. The rise of the Industrial Revolution
C. The Hindu taboo against beef consumption
D. The rise of the concept of “surplus value”

KENNETH JAY IQUIN

1. What was Alfred Cort Haddon's approach to conducting anthropological

studies?
a) Participant observation
b) Ethnographic fieldwork
c) Comparative analysis
d) All of the above

Answer: d) All of the above. Haddon's approach to anthropology involved using

participant observation and ethnographic fieldwork to gather data about different
cultures and societies, as well as comparing and analyzing this data to draw broader
conclusions.

2. How did Alfred Cort Haddon's approach to anthropology differ from the
approaches of earlier anthropologists?
a) He relied primarily on quantitative data and statistical analysis
b) He emphasized the importance of studying individual cultures in isolation
● c) He emphasized the importance of subjective experience and personal
involvement in fieldwork
d) He used a more holistic approach that emphasized the interconnectedness
of different cultures and societies

Answer: d) He used a more holistic approach that emphasized the

interconnectedness of different cultures and societies. Haddon's approach to
anthropology differed from earlier anthropologists in that he saw cultures and
societies as interconnected and interdependent, rather than isolated and
independent. He believed in using a holistic approach that took into account a range
of factors, including historical context, social structures, and individual experiences,
in order to better understand the complexities of human culture.

3. Structuralism in anthropology emphasizes the role of individual agency in

shaping cultural practices.
Answer: False. Structuralism emphasizes the underlying structures that shape
cultural practices, rather than the role of individual agency.

4. The French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss is known for his contributions

to the development of structuralism in anthropology.
Answer: True. Claude Lévi-Strauss is often credited with developing the structuralist
approach in anthropology.

5. Structuralism in anthropology focuses exclusively on the study of material

culture, such as artifacts and tools.
Answer: False. While structuralism does involve the study of material culture, it also
places a strong emphasis on language and other symbolic systems as important
components of cultural structures

Jay-Mar Casibang
1. He is one of the significant proponent of evolutionism and known for his popular
work "Primitive Culture".
a. Franz Boas
 b. Malinowski
c. Edward Tylor
d. Tylor Swift
2. Edward Burnett Tylor believe that the society has stages of development. In what
stage that human are characterized as hunters and gatherers?
a. barbarism
b. savagery
c. civilization
d. expansion

3. Tylor's most notable work is his book "Primitive Culture" published year 1883 in
which he proposed the idea of cultural evolution, the theory that all cultures develop
from simpler to more complex forms over time.
a. True
b. False

4. Tylor's stages of evolution of religion. non-religious - souls and phantoms - ghosts-

souls - spirits - individual’s guardian spirits and species deities.
a.True
b. False

5. One of his major contributions to anthropology include his work on the concept of the
"functionalism" of social institutions and his emphasis on the importance of studying
the "native's point of view."
a. Bronislaw Malinowski
b. Franz Boas
c. Edward Tylor
d. Margarete Mead

AIVAN G. BARADI
(Ruth Benedict and Evolutionism — Lewis Henry Morgan)

1. ___________ asserts that each culture

must be understood in its own terms, without using the standards of one's own
culture.
a. Culture Personality Approach
b. Ethnocentrism
c. Acculturation
d. Cultural Relativism

2. In this book, she explored the diversity of cultural patterns and values in three
different societies but also highlighted the
universal themes that run across all
cultures.
a. Patterns of Culture
b. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword
c. La Pensée Sauvage
d. The Interpretations of Culture

3. He eveloped the concept of "cultural

evolution", which asserts that societies
evolve over time in a linear progression
from simple to complex
a. Edward Burnett Tylor
b. Lewis Henry Morgan
c. Charles Darwin
d. Grafton Elliot Smith

4. Morgan identified five stages of the development of the arts of subsistence, on what stage
involves the development of basic forms of agriculture, such as slash-and-burn techniques, to
cultivate crops like grains and root vegetables.
a. Natural Subsistence
b. Unlimited Subsistence
c. Farinaceous Subsistence
d. Fish Subsistence
5. In this book, Morgan presents his theory of social evolution, which is based on the idea
that all societies progress through a series of stages, from savagery to civilization.
a. Ancient Society
b.Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family
c. The Savage Mind
d. Beyond Culture

5 INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONS

5 INDIVIDUAL QUESTIONS

Jeanieviev D. Robles

In science, theories are:

an educated guess
a known fact
absolute and unchangeable
the best explanation for a set of data or observations
At the heart of Darwin's theory is the idea that all living things share a common
ancestry, and that species evolve over time through a process of natural selection.
This theory is called ____.
Theory of Natural Selection
Theory of Evolution
Theory of Natural Evolution
Theory of Survival
How does Darwin support his theory of evolution by natural selection?
Through fossil evidence, biogeographical evidence, and anatomical evidence
Through fossil evidence, biochemical evidence, and anatomical evidence
Through fossil evidence, biogeographical evidence, and biochemical evidence
Through fossil evidence, biogeographical evidence, and imaginations
Spencer believed that human societies and cultures evolved in much the same way
that species evolved, with those that were most adaptable and "fit" surviving and
prospering over time. This is the heart of Spencer’s theory known as ____.
Social Darwinism
Survival of the Fittest
Theory of Cultural Selection
Societal Darwinism
What were the reasons why Herbert Spencer’s theory was criticized?
His theory contains Eurocentric bias.
His theory was based on speculations and secondary sources only.
His theory was based on the most valid theory, which is the Theory of Evolution.
His theory justifies social injustices.
ii, iv
iii, iv
i, ii
i, iii

LYKA YVONNE REYES

1.Ruth Benedict is best known for her influential book "Patterns of Culture" (1934)

True
False
2.Ruth Benedict, a follower of Boas and one of the founders of the Culture and
Personality school, analyzed the Plains and the Pueblo societies in her famous book
'Patterns of Culture'.

True
False
3. She characterized the Plain people as 'Dionysian' and the Pueblo people as
'Apollonian'

A. Franz Boas

B. Margaret Mead

C. Ruth Benedict

D. Clifford Geertz

4.The term "Dionysian" refers to the characteristics of the Greek god Dionysus, who
was associated with wine, ecstasy, and the unleashing of primal instincts.

True
False
5.Apollonian represents reason, order, and restraint.

True
False

Edsel Dominic G. Agustin

Who is the American anthropologist and scholar known for her pioneering work in
cultural anthropology and for her role in shaping public attitudes towards gender and
sexuality through her ethnographic research in Samoa and New Guinea?

Ruth Benedict
Margaret Mead
Franz Boas
Clifford Geertz

2. What was the main argument in Margaret Mead's book, "Coming of Age in
Samoa"?

The experience of adolescence is a universal phenomenon

The development of an individual depends on biological traits
The experience of adolescence is shaped by cultural factors
The experience of adolescence is a result of economic factors

3. What was the main idea of Margaret Mead's book, "Coming of Age in Samoa"?

Adolescence is the same for everyone

Culture affects how young people experience adolescence
Biology is the only factor that shapes human development
Economic factors play a bigger role in human development than culture

4. What was the main conclusion of Margaret Mead's research in Papua New
Guinea as presented in her book "Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive
Societies"?

Gender roles and behaviors are biologically determined

Gender roles and behaviors are shaped by cultural and social factors
The three tribes in Papua New Guinea had the same approach to gender roles
Gender roles and behaviors are shaped by economic factors

5. According to Mead's research in Papua New Guinea, which of the following is true
about the Tchambuli tribe's gender roles?

Women were dominant and men were more emotional and expressive
Men were dominant and women were more emotional and expressive
Both men and women displayed masculine traits
Both men and women had a nurturing and gentle approach

FREDERICK B. GALANDE

Which of the following best describes the central idea of Marxism?

The belief in the existence of a single ruling class that holds power over the rest of
society
The idea that individuals should be free to pursue their own self-interest without
interference from the state
The belief that history is driven by class struggle and that the working class should
overthrow the ruling class to establish a socialist society
The idea that wealth should be distributed equally among all members of society
What is the labor theory of value in Marxist theory?
The value of a commodity can be objectively measured by the average number of
labor hours required to produce that commodity.
The value of a commodity can be subjectively measured by the average number of
labor hours required to produce that commodity.
Both A and B are correct
None of the above

Who is considered the founder of Marxism?

Vladimir Lenin
Karl Marx
Joseph Stalin
Friedrich Engels

Which of the following is a core tenet of Marxist theory?

The belief that the free market is the best way to allocate resources in society
The idea that individuals should work hard and accumulate wealth for themselves
and their families
The belief that private property should be abolished and replaced with communal
ownership of the means of production
The idea that the state should have complete control over all aspects of society,
including the economy

All are examples of cultural materialism of specific cultural practices or phenomena,

except:

The development of ancient Maya Civilization

The rise of the Industrial Revolution
The Hindu taboo against beef consumption
The rise of the concept of “surplus value”

Roxanne R. Gongob

The main issues highlighted by the feminists can be traced in the comments of
Klages.
The binary perspective of anthropologists, emphasizing that there are only two
genders.
Whether gender is biological or cultural, natural or socially constructed
Women are parallel to nature and men are parallel to culture

2. She argued that women have always been symbolically associated with nature.
Since nature is subordinate to nature , and wo men are subordinate to men

Mead
Ortner
Showtak
3. Critiqued that race has nothing to do with the development of a particular culture.

Partularism
Biological Determinism
Culture Evolutionism

4. Explores nonverbal and verbal symbols shared in a culture.

Symbolic Anthropology
Tangible Culture
Artistic method

5. Emphasizes that culture is not just a static set of traditions and practices but a
dynamic system.

Unconventional view of traditions

Dynamic approach
Holistic approach

KENNETH JAY IQUIN

What was Alfred Cort Haddon's approach to conducting anthropological studies?

a) Participant observation

b) Ethnographic fieldwork

c) Comparative analysis

d) All of the above

How did Alfred Cort Haddon's approach to anthropology differ from the approaches
of earlier anthropologists?

a) He relied primarily on quantitative data and statistical analysis

b) He emphasized the importance of studying individual cultures in isolation

c) He emphasized the importance of subjective experience and personal

involvement in fieldwork

d) He used a more holistic approach that emphasized the interconnectedness of

different cultures and societies

Structuralism in anthropology emphasizes the role of individual agency in shaping

cultural practices.
True
False

French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss is known for his contributions to the

development of structuralism in anthropology.
True
False

Structuralism in anthropology focuses exclusively on the study of material culture,

such as artifacts and tools.
A.True

B. False

CARL JERWIN D. OMNES

Most Influential American Anthropologist of last half of 20th century.

a.Geertz

b. Harris

c. Boas

d. Tylor

An historically transmitted pattern of meaning's embodied in symbols.

a. Belief

b. Materialism

c. Culture

d. Religion

The picture they have of the way things in sheer actuality are, their most
comprehensive ideas of order?
a. World view

b. World site

c. World mission

d. World Vision

It is the way a culture satisfies the needs and wants of group members.
a. Economy

b. Politics
 c. Culture

d. Values

A theoretical position that takes material features of life, such as the environment,
natural resources, and mode of production as bases for explaining both how cultures
work and why cultures are diverse.
a. Marxist anthropology

b. Cultural materialism

c. Cultural Ecology

d. Evolutionism

TRISHA DENISE C. CATUGAS

(Franz Boas & Introduction of Anthropological Theories)

1. What do you call the approach of Boas where he believes that Anthropologies
needed to immerse themselves in the cultures they were studying in order to gain
understanding of them.

a. Cultural Relativism

b. Cultural Evolution

c. Historical Particularism

d. Fieldwork

2. According to Haviland et. al. (2011) , what are the four fields of anthropology?

a. Archeology, Linguistic , Cultural and Physical

b. Physical, Language, Cultural and Archeology

c. Archeology, Psychology, Cultural, and why Linguistic

d. Paleontology, Cultural, Linguistic and Physical

3. It is the study of customary patterns in human behavior, thoughts and feelings.

a. Physical Anthropology

b. Cultural Anthropology

c. Linguistic Anthropology

d. Paleontology

4. It is the study of human culture through the recovery and analysis of material
remains and environmental data.

a. Paleontology

b. Archeology

c. Cultural Anthropology

d. Physical Anthropology

5. It is an approach where Boas says that culture has its own unique history and
should be studied in its own right, rather than being compared to other cultures.

a. Cultural Relativism

b. Cultural Evolution

c. Historical Particularism

d. Fieldwork

DIVINE C. FRANCISCO

(Clifford Geertz & Cultural Ecology)

1. He was an American anthropologist known for his contributions to the

development of cultural ecology.

a. Clifford Geertz

b. Julian Steward

c. Leslie White

d. Charles Darwin
2. It suggests that cultural evolution is not a universal linear process, but rather
occurs through multiple paths.

a. Cultural Evolution

b. Multilinear Evolution

c. Social Evolution

d. Unilineal Evolution

3. It is a framework for understanding the relationship between human cultures and

their natural environment.

a. Unilineal Evolution

b. Multilinear Evolution

c. Evolutionism

d. Cultural Ecology

4. According to Geertz, anthropologists should provide a detailed description of

cultural practices, including symbols and meanings that are attached to them.

a. Thick Description

b. Symbolism

c. Emic Perspective

d. Cultural Systems

5. He is a American anthropologist who is remembered mostly for his strong support

for and influence on the practice of symbolic anthropology.

a. Clifford Geertz

b. Julian Steward

c. Leslie White

d. Charles Darwin

JENNYBEL ASUNCION
(ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORIES of James Spradley)

1.This book is based on Spradley's fieldwork among the homeless in Seattle and
explores the subculture of "urban nomads" and their way of life.

a. "You Owe Yourself a Drunk: An Ethnography of Urban Nomads" (1970)

b."Participant Observation" (1980)

c."The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a

Nilotic People" (1983)

d."Cultural Analysis: The Work of Peter L. Berger, Mary Douglas, Michel Foucault,
and Jürgen Habermas" (1980)

2. In this book, Spradley discusses the importance of conducting effective

ethnographic interviews as a research method in anthropology. He provides detailed
guidance on how to prepare for and conduct interviews in a culturally sensitive
manner.

a.."The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a

Nilotic People" (1983)

b."You Owe Yourself a Drunk: An Ethnography of Urban Nomads" (1970)

c."The Ethnographic Interview" (1979)

d."Cultural Analysis: The Work of Peter L. Berger, Mary Douglas, Michel Foucault,
and Jürgen Habermas" (1980

3.This book is a detailed ethnography of the Nuer people of southern Sudan.

Spradley provides an in-depth description of their way of life, including their social
organization, political institutions, and religious beliefs.

a. "You Owe Yourself a Drunk: An Ethnography of Urban Nomads" (1970)

b."The Ethnographic Interview" (1979)

c."Cultural Analysis: The Work of Peter L. Berger, Mary Douglas, Michel Foucault,
and Jürgen Habermas" (1980

d."The Nuer: A Description of the Modes of Livelihood and Political Institutions of a

Nilotic People" (1983)

4. His major contribution to the field of anthropology was his development of the
school of thought known as structural-functionalism.
a.

Jay-Mar Casibang

He is one of the significant proponent of evolutionism and known for his popular work
"Primitive Culture".
a. Franz Boas

b. Malinowski

c. Edward Tylor

d. Tylor Swift

Edward Burnett Tylor believe that the society has stages of development. In what
stage that human are characterized as hunters and gatherers?
a. barbarism

b. savagery

c. civilization

d. expansion

Tylor's most notable work is his book "Primitive Culture" published year 1883 in
which he proposed the idea of cultural evolution, the theory that all cultures develop
from simpler to more complex forms over time.
a. True

b. False

Tylor's stages of evolution of religion. non-religious - souls and phantoms - ghosts-

souls - spirits - individual’s guardian spirits and species deities.
a.True

b. False

One of his major contributions to anthropology include his work on the concept of the
"functionalism" of social institutions and his emphasis on the importance of studying
the "native's point of view."
a. Bronislaw Malinowski

b. Franz Boas

c. Edward Tylor
d. Margarete Mead

LORIELYN M. ESTO

-Alfred Haddon

-Feminism Theory

1. What was Alfred Haddon's contribution to anthropology?

a) He developed the concept of "participant observation" in ethnographic research.

b) He discovered a previously unknown indigenous tribe in Papua New Guinea.

c) He pioneered the use of psychoanalytic theory in anthropology.

d) He was the first anthropologist to study the impact of climate change on human
societies.

2. Which of the following concepts is associated with Alfred Haddon's work in

anthropology?

a) The "social contract" theory of government.

b) The "culture of poverty" thesis.

c) The "primitive mentality" theory.

d) The "ethnographic present" concept.

3. Alfred Haddon was a proponent of which anthropological approach?

a) Evolutionism

b) Functionalism

c) Structuralism

d) Postmodernism

4. What was Marjorie Shostak's contribution to the field of anthropology?

a) She developed a new theory of cultural evolution

b) She discovered a previously unknown indigenous tribe in Africa

c) She provided a detailed account of the daily life of the !Kung people

d) She pioneered the use of DNA analysis in studying human populations

5. What was Marjorie Shostak's most famous work?

a) "The Grateful Dead: An American Band"

b) "The Color Purple"

c) "Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman"

d) "The Handmaid's Tale"

AIVAN G. BARADI

(Ruth Benedict and Evolutionism — Lewis Henry Morgan)

1. ___________ asserts that each culture

must be understood in its own terms, without using the standards of one's own

culture.

a. Culture Personality Approach

b. Ethnocentrism

c. Acculturation

d. Cultural Relativism

2. In this book, she explored the diversity of cultural patterns and values in three

different societies but also highlighted the

universal themes that run across all

cultures.

a. Patterns of Culture

b. The Chrysanthemum and the Sword

c. La Pensée Sauvage

d. The Interpretations of Culture

3. He eveloped the concept of "cultural

evolution", which asserts that societies

evolve over time in a linear progression

from simple to complex

a. Edward Burnett Tylor

b. Lewis Henry Morgan

c. Charles Darwin

d. Grafton Elliot Smith

4. Morgan identified five stages of the development of the arts of subsistence, on

what stage involves the development of basic forms of agriculture, such as slash-
and-burn techniques, to cultivate crops like grains and root vegetables.

a. Natural Subsistence

b. Unlimited Subsistence

c. Farinaceous Subsistence

d. Fish Subsistence

5. In this book, Morgan presents his theory of social evolution, which is based on the
idea that all societies progress through a series of stages, from savagery to
civilization.

a. Ancient Society

b.Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family

c. The Savage Mind

d. Beyond Culture

DJ Etang
(Meyers Fortes & Structuralism)

1. Meyer Fortes was an influential teacher and mentor to several generations of

anthropologists, including many who went on to become leaders in the field.

True

False

2. Franz Boas helped to shape the way that we understand the social and cultural
practices of African societies and his work continues to be widely read and studied
today.

True

False

3. Lévi-Strauss argued that these binary oppositions are universal and exist in all
cultures, which he called structural universals.

True

False

4. Tertiary oppositions are used to create meaning and structure in society.

True

False

5. Lévi-Strauss believed that there was a universal structure to the human mind that
was present in only civilized societies, and he was interested in finding this structure
in everything.

True

False

JEFF GLAYSON R. MANUEL

(Diffusionism)
According to Winthrop (1991), it is a school of thought proposed that civilization
spread from one culture to another, because humans are basically conservative and
lack inventiveness.
Culture Dissemination
Dissipation
Diffusionist
Diffusionism

These are the key elements in anthropological diffusionism. Without _____ and
_____, the spread of culture from one culture to another is impossible to happen.
Time and Geography
Time and Space
Space and Geography
Geography and Event

The following are the characteristics of diffusion, EXCEPT.

Diffusion may create culture change in the group that borrows.
Adoption depends on meaningfulness and usefulness of the trait.
There are barriers like transport, communication, ethnocentrism, and geography.
Originality needs to be retained during diffusion.

Humans are mere inventors, but mere imitators.

True
False
Sometimes true
Sometimes false

Which among the following are the basic premises in the diffusionist school?
Humans are basically uninventive.
Important inventions were made only once at a particular place.
They spread through diffusion to different places.
It is more or less from a developed to underdeveloped culture.

II and III only

I and IV only
I, II, and III only
All of the above

ANGELICA JOY PULIDO

(Ruth Benedict)

1. Which anthropologist was a student of American anthropologist Franz Boas and

whose views had a profound influence on cultural anthropology, particularly in the
area of culture and personality?

A. Ruth Benedict
B. Clifford Geertz
C.margaret Mead
D. Alfred Radcliffe

2. Benedict was a member of the _________ school of anthropology, which

emphasized the need of researching civilizations on its own terms rather than from a
Western-centric standpoint.

A. Harvard
B. Chicago
C. Boasian
D. Barkeley

3. Which of these is a renowned work by Ruth Benedict?

A. Cultural Pattern
B. Structural functionalism
C. The Java religion
D. Primitive Society's Structure and Role

4.What is the ethical theory associated with Ruth Benedict known as?

A. Structuralism
B. Evolutionism
C. Cultural materialism
D. Moral Relativism

5.Though anthropology as a discipline started with the works of the Armchair

anthropologists, over the years it has developed its unique all-embracing research
methodology called __________which is extensive and rigorous in nature.

A. Research
B. Feminism
C. Ethnographic
D. Post modernism

Christian M. Guillermo

(True or False)
1. Margaret Mead's approach to anthropology was characterized by a strong
emphasis on cultural relativism and the importance of understanding cultures on
their own terms.

Answer: TRUE

2. According to Margaret Mead Cultural norms and values are not innate or
biologically determined, but rather are learned through socialization and cultural
transmission.
Answer: TRUE

3. According to Mead, culture encompasses all aspects of social life, including

language, customs, art, religion, and social organization.

Answer: TRUE

4.This is a theoretical approach that challenges the idea of objective reality,

emphasizing the role of language, power, and discourse in shaping our
understanding of the world.

A.Immigration
B.Globalization
C.Modernism
D.Postmodernism

Answer: Postmodernism

5. Postmodernism has also led to a greater focus on the ways in which______

and______ are embedded in cultural practices and discourses.

A. Slavery and Poverty

B.Equality and Inculturation
C.Power and Inequality
D.Power and Culture

Answer:
power and inequality

Marwin Q. Cabauatan

Which anthropologist is best known for developing the concept of "participant

observation"?
a) Bronislaw Malinowski
b) Franz Boas
c) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
d) Clifford Geertz

Which anthropologist is best known for his studies of kinship systems and his theory
of "structural-functionalism"?
a) Bronislaw Malinowski
b) Franz Boas
c) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown
d) Marcel Mauss

Which of the following best describes the approach of the functionalist school to
studying society?
a) Emphasizing the importance of individual agency in shaping cultural practices
b) Focusing on the symbolic meanings of cultural practices and artifacts
c) Analyzing the function that cultural practices serve in maintaining social
order
d) Examining the historical development of cultural practices

According to functionalism, social institutions:

a) exist solely for the benefit of the ruling class
b) serve specific functions for society as a whole
c) should be abolished altogether
d) are irrelevant to understanding society

According to Emile Durkheim, what is the function of deviance in society?

a) To reinforce social norms and values
b) To provide entertainment for the masses
c) To increase crime rates and create chaos
d) To undermine the legitimacy of government

ELJOI ACDANG
1. A theoretical approach that examines the underlying structure of society and
culture.
- Structuralism

2. He did an enthographic study among the Andaman Islanders from 1906 to 1908.
- Radcliffe-Brown

3. He did an anthropological research on the Trobriand Islanders.

- Malinowski

4. Lévi-Strauss had his anthropological investigations with the difference between

__________ societies in culture.
- Hot and Cold

5. They argue that education is an important social institution that helps meet the
needs of society and maintain stability.
- Functionalist

ANGELICA VEA
(Margaret Mead and Feminist Anthropology)

1. This is concerned in documenting women's lives in their roles in societies and making cross-
cultural analysis of the differences in the roles and power of different gender groups.
A. Cultural relativism
B. Feminist anthropology
C. Cultural anthropology

2. Anthropology of gender explores how gender is constructed and maintained in different

cultural contexts.
A. True
B. False
3. Anthropology of women seeks to challenge and correct gender biases and emphasize the
importance of feminist perspective.
A. True
B. False

4.Margaret Mead developed the idea of _______, where it emphasizes the importance of early
experiences in shaping individuals personality and behavior. It is the cultural norms and values
that can be ingrained in individuals.
A. Cultural relativism
B. Gender roles
C. Cultural imprinting

5. Cultural relativism asserts cultural practice and beliefs that are evaluated within the context of
their own culture rather than being judged by the standards of another culture.
A. True
B. False

Dungao, Leah Satlyn T.

(Marvin Harris, Symbolic and Interpretive Anthropology)
According to Marvin Harris' theory of cultural materialism, which of the following is the primary
motivation for human behavior?
a) Biology
b)Spirituality
c) Economics
d) Socialization

Which of the following anthropological approaches is Marvin Harris most closely associated
with?
a) Structural-functionalism
b) Symbolic anthropology
c) Cultural materialism
d) Postmodernism

Which of the following best describes the focus of symbolic anthropology?

a) The study of material culture and its significance in society
b) The study of language and communication as a symbolic system
c) The study of ritual and symbolism in religious practices
d) The study of economic systems and their symbolic meanings

Which anthropologist is most closely associated with the development of symbolic anthropology?
a) Franz Boas
b) Clifford Geertz
c) Bronislaw Malinowski
d) Edward Tylor

Which of the following is an example of a symbolic ritual studied by anthropologists?

a) The exchange of goods and services in a market economy
b) The use of tools and technology to accomplish tasks
c) The recitation of prayers and religious texts
d) The preparation and consumption of food and drink