DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi; Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Accredited by National
Assessment Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade; ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute)
Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078

A Technical Seminar Report on

e-waste Management
Submitted in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
in
Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering
Accredited by National Board of Accreditation (NBA)

Submitted by
Maaz Md
1DS20EI400
Under the Guidance of
J Satheesh Kumar
Professor, Dept. of E&IE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

(Accredited by NBA)
DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University Belagavi-590018
2022-2023
 An Electrical Bio-Impedance Scanning System for Subsurface Tissue Detection in Robot

DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi; Approved by AICTE, New Delhi; Accredited by National
Assessment Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade; ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institute) Shavige
Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru-560078

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

2022-23

This is to Certify that the technical seminar report entitled “ e-Waste Management “is a bonafide work carried
out by Maaz Mohammed Iqbal (1DS20EI400), in partial fulfillment for the award of degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, of DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING, An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi during the year 2022-2023. It is
certified that all the corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been incorporated in the
report deposited in the departmental library. The technical seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements with respect to the Technical Seminar prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering
Degree.

Faculty Incharge Seminar Coordinator Head of the Department

Dr. J Satheesh Kumar Dr. J SATHEESH KUMAR Dr. J.S. RAJASHEKAR
Professor Professor Dept. E&IE, DSCE
Dept. E&IE, DSCE Dept. E&IE, DSCE

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page ii

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany the successful completion of any task would
be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible and under whose constant
guidance and encouragement the task was completed.
I am grateful to Dr. B. G. Prasad , Principal, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering,
Bengaluru, for his continuous support throughout the completion of this report.
I would also express my thanks to Dr. J S Rajashekar, Professor & HOD, Department
of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of
Engineering, Bengaluru. His incessant encouragement and valuable technical support have
been immense help in realizing this seminar.
I would take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to Nikhila, Technical
Seminar Coordinator, Associate Professor; Department of E&IE his guidance gave us
the environment to enhance our knowledge, skills and to reach the pinnacle with sheer
determination, dedication and hard work.

I would also express my thanks to our faculty Dr. S P Meharu nnisa Associate Professor,
Department of E&IE for her support and Guidance.

Maaz Mohammed Iqbal

1DS20EI400
 ABSTRACT

E-waste" is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing

the end of their "useful life. "E-wastes are considered dangerous, as
certain components of some electronic products contain materials that
are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. The
hazardous content of these materials pose a threat to human health and
environment. Discarded computers, televisions. VCRs. stereos,
copiers, fax machines, electric lamps, cell phones, audio equipment
and batteries if improperly disposed can leach lead and other
substances into soil and groundwater. Many of these products can be
reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner
so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. This paper highlights the
hazards of e-wastes, the need for its appropriate management and
options that can be implemented.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1) Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................... 3
2) Abstract ................................................................................................................................. 4
3) Introduction: .......................................................................................................................... 6
What is e-waste: .................................................................................................................... 6
4) Types of E-waste .................................................................................................................... 7
5) Source of E-waste: .................................................................................................................. 8
Electronic equipment ............................................................................................................ 8
Electronic appliances ............................................................................................................ 8
Electronic devices: ................................................................................................................ 8
6) E-waste problem and its impact............................................................................................. 10
Impact on Health ............................................................................................................... 10
Impact on Environment ..................................................................................................... 10
7) Methods of E-waste Disposal ............................................................................................... 11
Recycling electronic waste: .............................................................................................. 11
8) Why Is It Important to Recycle Electronic Wastes? ............................................................... 12
9) Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 13
10) Reference.......................................................................................................................... 14
 CHAPTER 1
Introduction
E-waste is an abbreviation for electronic waste. The term is applied to discarded electrical or
electronic equipment that is unfit for further use because of malfunctioning, lack of repair or
spare parts, or is too outdated to be sold commercially efficiently. E-waste has a major
impression on the environment. Every year millions of tons of e-waste enter landfills, and some
of them end up in the waterways, seas , and oceans. The e-waste emits toxic substances such as
mercury, lead, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls, benzene, and dioxins, polluting soil and
water, threatening water and air quality, and harming the health of humans and the environment.

What is e-waste:
E-waste consists of devices and appliances that are no longer needed or are malfunctioning. It
includes the materials that are no longer used or are obsolete. In some cases, it consists of
computers, electronic storage and equipment, cell phones, and other similar materials and
devices. The discarded e-waste materials are used to develop new products, resources, and
services. E-waste is also referred to as second-hand or end-of-life electronic products.

Electronic waste contains various heavy metals. Most of these metals are considered harmful to
human health and may result in cancer, liver and kidney problems, respiratory illness, and even
death. Most of the metals are chemically inert in that they do not oxidize into an ionic state.
Therefore, there is little leaching into the environment. However, this can change as soon as they
come into contact with water; it is not unusual for e-waste (or, in some instances, any chemical)
to dissolve in water. This process can create environmental problems.

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 CHAPTER 2
Types of E-waste
Several heavy metals can be found in e-waste, mainly cathode and anode materials. Such metals include Pb, Hg,
Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cd. Many of these metals are toxic when present in excess. In addition, some heavy metals can
combine with water-soluble substances such as chlorine ions and leach into the surrounding soil or
groundwater.

Anode materials
Some e-waste-related environmental issues are related to the anode materials, as these make up the bulk of the
hazardous substances contained within e-waste. They are also the material that oxidizes in batteries and
generates hazardous substances. In addition, the metals which make up the anode can be hazardous, as they
have the potential to leach into the surrounding environment. They include but are not limited to Zn, Ni, Mn,
Mg, Mn, Cd, Pb, Ti, Al, and Ag.

Lead
Pb is a by-product of the electrolysis of zinc and is present in zinc batteries due to the high solubility of lead
oxide in hydrochloric acid. Most of this lead will be generated at the anode, but some will leach into the acid,
finding its way into the lead oxide. The dissolved lead can then be released as a metal ion into the surrounding
environment. However, the total amount of lead produced is relatively small, so it is unlikely to cause a
significant environmental issue.

Mercury
Mercury is a by-product of the electrolysis of silver and is present in silver-zinc batteries. It will tend to
precipitate out at the cathode, where it is present in around 0.1 to 0.5% of the silver content in the battery, forming
elemental mercury. The amount released as Hg2+ is typically only about half that of the release
of gaseous elemental Hg. Therefore, the total Hg produced in the process is relatively small, and Hg2+ is
generally not considered a serious environmental concern.

Zinc
Zinc is one of the by-products of zinc electrolysis and is present in Zn batteries due to the solubility of zinc
oxide in hydrochloric acid. The amount of Zn produced can be as large as 1% of the total mass of the battery
(although it will be much less), and the Zn is generally converted to a soluble zinc chloride during the
dissolution process. The Zn metal and ZnCl2 are not likely to cause significant environmentalproblems.

Iron
If iron is present in the battery as a product of the corrosion of iron-plated components, then it will often form
from the reaction between the electrolyte and the iron at the anode. The reaction between the iron in the
electrolyte and the iron-plated materials may be a process of electrochemical etching. As a result, an iron-based
battery has a characteristic "faulty" odor, which some people find objectionable.

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 CHAPTER 3
Source of E-waste
The primary source of electronic waste is end-of-life products, as the e-waste generated in these
devices are the products of old technology and have become obsolete. In most cases, e-waste
results from buying the electronic device at a low price but not using it for a long time, which
means the consumer is not getting value for money. They also cause waste because the e-waste
cannot be recycled effectively.
E-waste source is divided into different types:
Electronic equipment:
Computers and their accessories, including monitors, mice, printers, keyboards, and modems

Electronic appliances:
LCD screens, cell phones, radios, and other electronic devices

Electronic devices:
Smart cards, credit cards, medical equipment, computer peripherals, and video game
consoles

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 The picture below shows the E-waste status in Asia in 2019

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 CHAPTER 4
E-waste problem and its impact
The waste disposal of electronic products is a severe problem, and the environment suffers. It generates air
pollution and causes the release of toxic substances such as mercury, lead, cadmium, polychlorinated biphenyls,
benzene, and dioxins into the environment. As a result, they harm the health of humans and the environment. E-
wastes have an impact on the following area:

Impact on Health
E-waste also poses a significant threat to the health of the population. Many children, for example, are
particularly vulnerable to the dangers posed by the harmful metals contained in old electronic equipment.
Children are typically prone to pick up objects that their parents drop, putting them at risk of being harmed by
the dangerous chemicals inside the e-waste. In addition, the fumes of toxic materials may cause illness and even
death.
Although children may be at a higher risk than adults, anyone could be affected by exposure to e-waste. Long-
term exposure to toxic materials can lead to illnesses like cancer, neurological and reproductive problems, liver
and kidney damage, headaches, respiratory problems, and skin conditions.

Impact on Environment
In addition to the dangers e-waste poses to human health, these heavy metals threaten the environment. When
put into the recycling process, toxic metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic may escape from decomposing
electronics. Other toxic materials may include PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), some of which are recognized
as human carcinogens.
Electronics contain much lead, which has an extreme impact on the environment. Although much of the lead in e-
waste was found in the solder of the circuit boards, there is a significant amount of lead in the components.
Some of the lead may have found its way into the environment when the circuit boards and other e-waste were
disposed of, and lead in any form is harmful to the environment. Lead can cause many health problems in
humans, including headaches, stomach problems, poor memory, and hearing loss.
Mercury is extremely noxious to the environment and poses a significant threat. Mercury is dangerous to the
environment because it can enter the water table and accumulate in fish. Similarly, mercury levels in the
environment and the air may increase in areas where many electronics are recycled.
Arsenic is very dangerous to the environment. When people and animals consume arsenic, it can be absorbed
into the body and is especially dangerous for infants and pregnant women. It is also very toxic to soil, plants, and
animals. In addition, some studies have found that arsenic leaches into the ground, and from there, it can
contaminate our water table.
A study conducted in South India reported that the concentration of arsenic in the soil beneath e-waste recycling
centers was more than two times higher than the concentration reported by other international studies. In
addition, the researchers noted that the concentration of arsenic in the soil increased at the recycling center as
the metal level in the soil decreased.

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 CHAPTER 5
Methods of E-waste Disposal
Several methods of E-waste disposal exists, which can be broadly categorized as:

 Reuse: This includes refurbishing existing systems, repairing and rebuilding, and recycling as much of the
metal or plastic as is possible.
 Burning: Commonly referred to as smelting. Although the process is quite dangerous, if done correctly, it
can be done very cleanly and produces the most valuable of the metals in the most efficient way.
 Dumping: This involves filling old containers, making a hole in the ground, and dumping the material
there. Usually, the location is not chosen carefully and may contain severalcontaminants.
 Disposal: Several companies in the UK offer a collection service and disposal, or do it for you, either in a
safe manner or with others who are less careful.
 Reuse & Refurbishment: While this is something you should always try to do if you can afford to, it
is an option for less money than dumping. Refurbishment can mean many things, including;
 Rebuilding: By this, we mean removing old electronic equipment, repairing it, and then reinstalling it.
 Restoring: By this, we mean taking very damaged equipment and fixing it, so it is suitablefor reuse.
 Filling: By this, we mean filling containers with old electronic equipment, usually as a way of getting rid of
it cheaply, but also as a way of making repairs.
 Repairing: We mean cleaning and repairing equipment items and making them easier to use. This is very
much easier to do if you take the equipment out in parts rather than the whole.
Several companies (Such as apple, Samsung, etc.) specialize in the reuse and refurbishment of electronic
equipment. They can offer advice on making your equipment available to the right companies. You mayalso find
that, as you remove old items from your home and yard, you can use this for items that are for resale.

Recycling electronic waste:

Although much e-waste is not recycled, many more can be recycled. There are several ways that e-waste can be
recycled. Depending on the technology used, e-waste may be sorted into different types of waste depending on
their composition and whether the material is dangerous to work with. Recycling e-waste helps prevent e-waste
from being generated in the first place, saving valuable natural resources. The recycled e-waste can be used in a
variety of products, including:
 Reusable products
 Waste-to-energy technologies (such as incineration and combustion)
 Newer products
 New product development

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 CHAPTER 6
Why Is It Important to Recycle Electronic Wastes?
Electronics have become an essential part of life, and most people are addicted to them. Due to this, a number
of electronic wastes are produced. It is unfortunate that a majority of these wastes end up in landfills or are
discarded in oceans. On the other hand, electronic wastes can become hazardous to the environment. If you do
not take care of electronic waste, there will be serious consequences for you and the environment. The wastes
can become a
reason for the pollution of the oceans and waters. Electronic
wastes pollute the air, soil, and water.
There are numerous ways you can dispose of your electronic
waste safely, but the safest option is recycling. It is essential
to dispose of the waste in a way that does not harm you or the
environment. The simplest as well as safest way is to use
certified waste facilities. The certified waste facilities can
safely dispose of the wastes. In addition, the certified waste
facilities are well-equipped with the equipment required to
recycle the electronic wastes.
The certified waste facilities help you take care of the
electronic waste to do not harm yourself
and the environment. There are many benefits to recycling electronic wastes in a certified facility. Here are a few
of the benefits of recycling electronic waste.
It is a Green Way of Disposing of the Electronic Waste
The recycling of electronic waste is the most eco-friendly option. It is estimated that about 98% of e- waste is
recycled. E-wastes are the most hazardous waste that people can get. As such, the disposal of e-waste is
necessary. However, electronic waste is a significant source of pollution. The recycling of electronic waste
keeps the environment clean. The recycling process is more efficient than disposing of the wastes in landfills.
This is because the process keeps the electronic waste in the best conditions to maximize its use. Therefore,
electronic recycling waste is a cost-efficient way of dealing with it. Moreover, it is the best way to get rid of
electronic waste.
It Increases the Market Value
The recycling of electronic waste is the right thing to do. This is because the market value of recycled electronic waste is
higher than its value at the dumping ground. Therefore, if you plan to dispose of electronic waste, consider recycling it
first. This will save you money in the end.

It Helps in Sorting the E-waste

Sorting e-waste is not easy. This is because it involves a complex process that involves much equipment. Therefore, if you
plan to do it, it is advisable to hire a professional electronic waste recycling facility to do the sorting. Undertaking so will
save you money and time.

It Is a Source of Reusing the Old Devices

Sometimes when electronic devices fail, you are left with a device you do not need anymore. Either you can get a new one
or get a second life for the old one. For instance, you can use the old device as a sparepart for a newer one.

There are lots of different types of electronic devices. As such, there is much potential for the use of recycled electronic
waste. Also, there is much value in electronic waste. Therefore, it is good to dispose of the electronic wastes in the right
place.

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

 Conclusion
The disposal of electronic waste is hazardous to people and the
environment. In addition, it is a significant source of pollution.
However, if you recycle electronic waste properly, there will be
many benefits.
The disposal of electronic waste can also pose a health risk to
humans. Although most electronic wastes can be recycled, only a
limited amount of electronic waste can be recycled. Thus, it is
necessary to ensure that electronic wastes are recycled
appropriately and safely. For instance, certified electronic waste
facilities can safely dispose of electronic waste. In addition, the
certified electronic waste facilities are equipped with the
equipment required to recycle the electronic waste. As a result, the
certified electronic waste facilities will reduce pollution in the
environment and keep humans safe. Therefore, you can rest
knowing that you safely dispose of electronic waste.

Department of EIE, DSCE 2022-2023 Page

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