T2 Science Case Answer Key

1. Compare and contrast meiosis and mitosis :Venn Diagram- Mitosis produces two
identical BODY cells through PMAT. Meiosis produces four SEX cells that are genetically
different though 2 PMAT’s.
2. Draw the steps of mitosis.

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3. What is the single best advantage of sexual reproduction? Genetic variation; offspring
have a combination of both parents.
4. What is an advantage for asexual reproduction? Fast, rapid reproduction that requires
less energy
5. Be able to complete a Punnett square: Bb x Bb

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6. Describe dominant and recessive traits. Dominant traits are represented by capital
letters and are stronger. If present, they will always show up and “dominate” over the
recessive trait. Recessive traits are represented by lower case letters and are weaker.
The only way to get recessive traits to be expressed is if they are homozygous (rr).
Remember Heterozygous will be Rr and dominant gene will be expressed.
7. Draw and label picture to show relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA

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8. Chromosomes are simply __coiled_ _DNA__.
9. Genes code for specific proteins.
10. When can a mutation be neutral? Harmful? A mutation can still be neutral if it a code is
mutated or changed yet it still codes for the same protein which would result in the
same trait being produced. Mutations that are harmful affect the plant/animal
negatively causing death.
11. What is a QR code? A machine-readable code consisting of an array of black and white
squares, typically used for storing URL’s or other information for reading by the camera
on a smartphone.
12. What are GMO’s? Genetically modified organisms….food that has had genes altered.
13. Describe embryology and how it supports evolution Embryology is the study of
embryos….evolutionists use this as evidence due to the short time that human, chicken,
rabbit, and salamanders are very similar and all have a pharyngeal pouch.
14. List the principles of natural selection.
1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
2. Slight differences or variations occur among offspring of a species.
3. Individuals with helpful variations compete better, live longer, and reproduce more.
4. Helpful variations are passed to their offspring.
5. Over time, Individuals with more favorable traits increase in number in the next
generation. This leads to SPECIATION.
15. Variations occur randomly in populations.
16. Color variations can allow for a Plant to survive in a variety of environments
17. Which type of rock is most common for fossils? Sedimentary rock contains fossils.
18. Fossils have shown that there has been a large __________________ of organisms since
the beginning of time. DIVERSITY
19. Are birds and dinosaurs related? Evolutionists do think that birds evolved from
dinosaurs.
20. Differentiate homologous and analogous structures. Homologous structures will always
include comparing bones of very different animals () and can be remembered by all the
bones having similar structure. Analogous structures always seem to be comparing
wings because they represent similar function. Only homologous supports evolution.
21. Describe the most widely accepted theory of what killed the dinosaurs? That a huge
meteorite struck the earth killing many but enveloping the earth in dust, smoke, soot,
etc. blocking sunlight causing temps to drop , no photosynthesis for plants, and major
chaos.
22. Be familiar with the rock cycle

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23. How are metamorphic rocks formed? Igneous rocks? Metamorphic rocks are formed
from heat and pressure. Igneous rocks are formed from magma cooling and hardening.
24. What are index fossils? Index fossils are used to date rock layers or other fossils. They
should be abundant for a short geologic time and live in one type of environment.
Trilobites are prob most popular index fossil.
25. Discuss geographic barriers.