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Cathedral School of La Naval, Inc.

Naval, 6560 Biliran Province
Telefax: (053)507-9168; csnlanaval1990@gmail.com

TOPIC: NON-MENDELIAN GENETICS

Learning Objective

1. Explain the different patterns of non-Mendelian Inheritance.

2. Distinguish and explain the different principles and laws that govern heredity.
3. Predict the results of genetic crosses using the Punnett square.

Preliminary Activity

REVIEW – Mendelian Genetics

Have you ever wondered why humans are not most likely the same based from physical appearances, behaviors,
and interests? We humans have diverse races and unique personalities. But talking about differences, how do
you explain the Science behind the birth of twins, triplets, and quadruplets? How are identical twins possible?
Well, this is where our next topic comes in.

Genetics is a branch in biology that deals with the study of heredity and variations of organisms. Heredity is a
biological process whereby a parent passes certain genes onto their children or offspring.

Mendelian Genetics is associated with the man who proposed the laws of heredity, Gregor Mendel. He is an
Austrian priest who studied heredity with his experiments on pea plants (Pisum sativum). He was the first
scientist to give a satisfactory explanation of the mechanisms of heredity. To date, Mendel’s findings still form
the basis of genetics, called Mendelian or Transmission Genetics.
WATCH ME!
Genetics - Mendelian Experiments – Lesson 2 (Don’t Memorize)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ni5jyO0g1_w

FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS FROM THE VIDEO

Learning Activities
Direction: Answer the following by encircling the letter of your choice.

1. What trait is always expressed?

a. recessive trait b. homozygous trait c. dominant trait d. heterozygous trait

2. What the subject of experiment did Gregor Mendel used?

a. Pisum sativum b. Theobroma cacao c. Homo sapiens d. Rheo discolor

3. What trait is suppressed?

a. recessive trait b. dominant trait c. homozygous trait d. heterozygous trait
4. Which of the following genes are heterozygous?
a. BB c. bb b. Bb d. none of the following

5. What are the features that can be seen or observed by us externally?

a. alleles c. genes b. phenotypes d. genotypes

All rights reserved. Only bona fide learner of Cathedral School of La Naval, Inc. in Junior High School
Department can reproduce these materials. Unauthorized person is liable to CSN Inc. for Intellectual Property
Code 8293 and Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime law.
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Genetics is relevant to all living organisms because they are governed by the laws of heredity. It determines
gender, physical characteristics, potential for some diseases, intelligence, blood types, abnormalities, etc. The
scientific study of heredity started with the experiments of the Austrian priest Gregor Johann Mendel. He
postulated the laws of Mendelian Genetics that explains the factors of heredity. These Mendelian postulates
include: the Law of Dominance, the Law of Segregation, and the Law of Independent Assortment.

Lesson 1 Non-Mendelian Genetics

Non-Mendelian Genetics are any inheritance patterns that don’t follow more on the laws of Mendelian
genetics. In the Mendelian patterns of inheritance, the effects of the recessive gene are not observed when the
dominant gene is present. In this lesson, you will find out that certain traits do not always follow the
Mendelian principles of heredity.

1. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
In incomplete dominance, neither of the alleles is completely dominant
over the other. The offspring produced are a blending of both alleles.
An example of incomplete dominance is flower color in four o’clock
plant. When a pure red-flowered four o’clock plant is crossed with pure
white-flowered, the offspring will produce neither red nor white flowers.

2. CODOMINANCE
In codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the
heterozygote. For example, red cows crossed with white cows will have
offspring that are roan cows. Roan refers to cows with red hair and white
blotches.

3. MULTIPLE ALLELES
An inheritance pattern where an allele consists of three or
more alleles of the same gene. However, individuals within the
population are only able to hold two of them.

4. POLYGENIC TRAITS
Polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of a trait governed by
more than one gene. Generally, three or more genes govern the
inheritance of polygenic traits. These genes, called polygenes,
produce specific traits when they are expressed together. Polygenic
inheritance differs from Mendelian inheritance patterns, where traits
are determined by a single gene. Polygenic traits have many
All rights reserved. Only bona fide learner of Cathedral School of La Naval, Inc. in Junior High School
Department can reproduce these materials. Unauthorized person is liable to CSN Inc. for Intellectual Property
Code 8293 and Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime law.
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possible phenotypes (physical characteristics) that are determined by interactions among several alleles.

Examples of polygenic inheritance in humans include traits such as skin color, eye color, hair color, body shape,
height, and weight.
5. SEX-LINKED GENES
Genes located in the sex chromosomes are affected by the sex of the individual. Genes located on the X
chromosomes are called X-linked genes. Genes on the Y chromosomes are called Y-linked genes. An example
of an X-linked trait in humans is hemophilia. A person suffering from hemophilia could die from loss of blood
even from a small wound. Another X-linked trait is color blindness. To illustrate the inheritance of an X-linked
trait, let us study Table below. The X chromosome with the gene for color blindness is represented as XC,
while the one without is represented as X.

Genotype Phenotype
1. X X Normal female
2. X XC Normal female, carrier of the gene
3. XC XC Color- blind female
4. XY Normal male
5. XC Y Color-blind male

WATCH ME!
Non-Mendelian Genetics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-4vsio8TZrU

Integration
Read pages 74-78 of your science textbook. Answer the question, “What are some ethical, social, and legal
issues associated with biotechnology?”
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Self- Assessment

Traits are influence by the genes we inherited from our parents, basically we have no control of the traits
we inherit when we came out from our mother’s womb. How does this idea affect your perspective about
individual differences and acceptance of people’s diverse personality?
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Summary

How is non-Mendelian Genetics distinct from Gregor Mendel’s laws of inheritance?

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All rights reserved. Only bona fide learner of Cathedral School of La Naval, Inc. in Junior High School
Department can reproduce these materials. Unauthorized person is liable to CSN Inc. for Intellectual Property
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Code 8293 and Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime law.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
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Action

A. Answer and explain the following logically. Please provide a separate sheet for your answers and
staple
it with this module.

1. What is incomplete dominance?  How does this affect the phenotypic ratios of the offspring in various
crosses?
2. Give an example of incomplete dominance.
3. What is co-dominance?  How does this affect the expected phenotypic ratios of the offspring in various
crosses?
4. Give an example of co-dominance.
5. Understand the genetics of blood types.

B. Study the data below. And answer the following questions. Please provide a separate sheet for your
answers and staple it with this module.

Questions:

1. What ethnicity is color blindness most common in?

2. What factors affect the high rate of colorblindness of the Caucasians?
3. What are the genetics behind color blindness? Explain briefly. And why males are more prone to
colorblindness?

References

 https://www.colorblindguide.com/post/colorblind-people-population-live-counter
 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/bccc-bio101/chapter/study-guide-non-mendelian-genetics/
 Teacher’s Wrap Around

Feedback/Comments

All rights reserved. Only bona fide learner of Cathedral School of La Naval, Inc. in Junior High School
Department can reproduce these materials. Unauthorized person is liable to CSN Inc. for Intellectual Property
Code 8293 and Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime law.
 PAGE 5 of 5

Should there be any queries, concerns, or clarifications please reach out to me through the following:

Jayson Corpin Espejo Jayson Corpin Espejo jaysoncorp21@gmail.com

All rights reserved. Only bona fide learner of Cathedral School of La Naval, Inc. in Junior High School
Department can reproduce these materials. Unauthorized person is liable to CSN Inc. for Intellectual Property
Code 8293 and Republic Act 10175 or the Cybercrime law.