Force:

It is an external cause that causes a body in rest to move or body in

motion to rest or changes the shape or size.
S.I. Unit of Force is Newton (N).

Moment of Force:
1. Translational / Linear Motion: Force applied on a rigid body which is
free to move causes motion in straight path.
Ex: A ball pushed on the floor, striker in carrom.

2. Rotational Motion: Force applied on a rigid body which is pivoted, it

causes rotational motion.
Ex: Force on the handle of door, turning of wheel.

Moment of Force / Turning Effect or Torque:

The turning effect on the body about an axis is due to the moment of
force (or torque) applied on the body.

Measurement of moment of force (or torque)

The moment of a force (or torque) is equal to the product of the
magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of
action of the force from the axis of rotation.

Factors affecting the turning of a body

The turning effect of a force on a body depends on the following two
factors:
(1) the magnitude of the force applied, and
(2) the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from the
axis of rotation (or pivoted point).

S.I. Unit of Torque: Nm

C.G.S. Unit: Dyne cm

Clockwise Moment is always NEGATIVE and Anticlockwise Moment is

always POSITIVE.
Ex: To open or shut a door,
Turning of hand flour grinder,
Turning of a steering wheel.
Principle of Moments:
Sum of Anticlockwise moments = Sum of Clockwise moments
OR
Algebraic sum of moments of all forces acting on a body about the axis
of rotation is 0.